大学学术伦理及其规制研究
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摘要
20世纪末以来,学术不端及其在大学治理过程中所面临的种种困惑以及商业、新闻等行业涌现出的伦理化经营浪潮,促使学术伦理从科技伦理、学术行为道德规范等语境中剥离出来,成为关涉我国高等教育、学科建设乃至整个学术事业可持续发展的一项基础性工程。
学术伦理,其实质上是以交互主体性为基本内在结构的伦理关系,体现为学术人个体的“德”、学术共同体的“善”与社会普遍性的“理”的统一,表现为内在价值观与外在规则的统一。而学术伦理规制则是学术伦理价值观的的外化形式,是内在价值基础与外在规范保障相统一的引导与约束体系。论文循着学术行为的内因主体(学术人)这个研究视角,按照从“问题”到“理论”,再用“理论”分析并解决“问题”的研究思路,处理的中心问题是如何在大学学术趋于社会化的背景下建构并推动一种新型的学术伦理。
首先,论文从大学学术活动的内因主体——作为学术人的大学教师入手,分析学术不端的表现、危害及其在我国大学治理过程中所遇到的种种困惑。这给人们带来的启示是,学术不端实质上是学术人学术伦理的失范,必须从学术伦理入手来规制大学学术的发展。那么,接下来的问题是,什么是学术伦理?学术伦理是如何失范的呢?
为了回答以上问题,论文先从涉及学术伦理的诸如理论基础、内涵、特性、价值及其实现等理论问题进行了全面分析与论证。然后结合该理论,用情景故事投射得来的数据显示目前我国大学教师的学术价值观处于一种错乱的状态(低伦理水平),并对这一状态作了层层思辩式的剖析。综合分析结果表明,学术价值观错乱(自我认同脱离学术伦理关系)是学术伦理失范的深层原因,必须对作为学术人的大学教师进行学术伦理规制,以使其错乱的学术价值观逐步纳入到符合学术伦理关系的正常轨道。
为了达到这一目的,论文提出了对大学学术行为主体——大学教师进行伦理规制的具体操作路径：第一,通过专家咨询等方法建立了一套立体的学术伦理价值观体系,这是大学学术伦理规制的内在基础；第二,就大学学术伦理的组织操作问题作了分析和探讨,这是大学学术伦理规制的外在组织保障。
论文的创新点就在于建构了学术伦理的理论基础和研究模式,从伦理的层面对学术不端做了比较深入的分析,并初步构建了一套以学术伦理价值观为内在基础的大学学术伦理规制体系。这不仅拓展了大学学术管理的研究视角,加深人们对大学学术伦理的学理认知,丰富应用伦理学的研究领域,也为建立和完善我国大学学术管理制度体系奠定理论上的基础。
Since the end of last century, universities have been facing a confused situation in the process of governing its own academic misconduct with the emerging ethical boom in administration, commerce, news and other fields,by which academic ethics is promoted to come forth from ethics of science and technology, academic morality and so on.So academic ethics is becoming a basic project concerned in higher education, academic discipline construction and the sustainable development of the whole academic cause in China.
The essence of academic ethics is such a kind of ethical relationship based on intersubjectivity as its basic internal structure. Academic ethics is an entity embodied in individual"vittue",the "good" of the academic community and the social universal"truth",and it is also an entity embodied in the intrinsic values and external rules. And academic ethics regulation is an outer form of academic ethics values,and it is also a united guidance and constraint system about its values and rules. The dissertation follows an individual perspective which is beginning with Academic Man——the internal behavior of academic activities, and the train of thought from "questions"to"theory",then from"theory"to"problem analyzing and problem solving". Its central issue is how to construct and promote a new type of academic ethics in the university academic socialization.
Beginning with Academic Man (university faculty, the true executor of cademic activities), the dissertation analyses the performance and damage of academic misconduct, and the facing confusion in the process of governing it in China. The dissertation holds that academic misconduct is not only the anomie of academic behavior,but also the anomie of academic ethics.we must start from the academic ethics to regulate academic development. So the following problems are what the academic ethics is and how academic ethics is anomic.
In order to respond to these two questions above, the dissertation firstly analyses some key issues that concern academic ethics such as theoretical basis, concept, content, speciality,value and its realization. They will lay the theoretical groundwork for the latter part.And then the dissertation explores the internal cause of university academic ethics anomie from empirical analysis and logical reasoning.Comprehensive analysis holds that the anomie of academic ethics is due to the disorder of academic values in terms of a deeper level actually.So ethical regulation on university faculty becomes a necessity,which would make their confused academic values step into the normal track in line with the academic ethical relations gradually.
To this end, an operational route to the ethical regulation on university faculty is proposed:First of all, the dissertation constructs a three-dimensional university academic ethical values system,which is the intrinsic base of the ethics regulation;Secondly, the dissertation explores the specific operational procedures of academic ethics, which is the organization and supporting system of the ethics regulation.
The innovation of the dissertation lies in the construction of the theoretical basis and research paradigm on academic ethics, a more in-depth analysis on the cause of academic misconduct from the ethical dimensions,and a preliminary construction of university academic ethical regulation system. All the above would not only expands the research view about university academic management,and raise the scholastic awareness on university academic ethics and rich the study field of the applied ethics,but also lay a theoretical foundation for building and improving the university's academic management system.
学术伦理,其实质上是以交互主体性为基本内在结构的伦理关系,体现为学术人个体的“德”、学术共同体的“善”与社会普遍性的“理”的统一,表现为内在价值观与外在规则的统一。而学术伦理规制则是学术伦理价值观的的外化形式,是内在价值基础与外在规范保障相统一的引导与约束体系。论文循着学术行为的内因主体(学术人)这个研究视角,按照从“问题”到“理论”,再用“理论”分析并解决“问题”的研究思路,处理的中心问题是如何在大学学术趋于社会化的背景下建构并推动一种新型的学术伦理。
首先,论文从大学学术活动的内因主体——作为学术人的大学教师入手,分析学术不端的表现、危害及其在我国大学治理过程中所遇到的种种困惑。这给人们带来的启示是,学术不端实质上是学术人学术伦理的失范,必须从学术伦理入手来规制大学学术的发展。那么,接下来的问题是,什么是学术伦理?学术伦理是如何失范的呢?
为了回答以上问题,论文先从涉及学术伦理的诸如理论基础、内涵、特性、价值及其实现等理论问题进行了全面分析与论证。然后结合该理论,用情景故事投射得来的数据显示目前我国大学教师的学术价值观处于一种错乱的状态(低伦理水平),并对这一状态作了层层思辩式的剖析。综合分析结果表明,学术价值观错乱(自我认同脱离学术伦理关系)是学术伦理失范的深层原因,必须对作为学术人的大学教师进行学术伦理规制,以使其错乱的学术价值观逐步纳入到符合学术伦理关系的正常轨道。
为了达到这一目的,论文提出了对大学学术行为主体——大学教师进行伦理规制的具体操作路径：第一,通过专家咨询等方法建立了一套立体的学术伦理价值观体系,这是大学学术伦理规制的内在基础；第二,就大学学术伦理的组织操作问题作了分析和探讨,这是大学学术伦理规制的外在组织保障。
论文的创新点就在于建构了学术伦理的理论基础和研究模式,从伦理的层面对学术不端做了比较深入的分析,并初步构建了一套以学术伦理价值观为内在基础的大学学术伦理规制体系。这不仅拓展了大学学术管理的研究视角,加深人们对大学学术伦理的学理认知,丰富应用伦理学的研究领域,也为建立和完善我国大学学术管理制度体系奠定理论上的基础。
Since the end of last century, universities have been facing a confused situation in the process of governing its own academic misconduct with the emerging ethical boom in administration, commerce, news and other fields,by which academic ethics is promoted to come forth from ethics of science and technology, academic morality and so on.So academic ethics is becoming a basic project concerned in higher education, academic discipline construction and the sustainable development of the whole academic cause in China.
The essence of academic ethics is such a kind of ethical relationship based on intersubjectivity as its basic internal structure. Academic ethics is an entity embodied in individual"vittue",the "good" of the academic community and the social universal"truth",and it is also an entity embodied in the intrinsic values and external rules. And academic ethics regulation is an outer form of academic ethics values,and it is also a united guidance and constraint system about its values and rules. The dissertation follows an individual perspective which is beginning with Academic Man——the internal behavior of academic activities, and the train of thought from "questions"to"theory",then from"theory"to"problem analyzing and problem solving". Its central issue is how to construct and promote a new type of academic ethics in the university academic socialization.
Beginning with Academic Man (university faculty, the true executor of cademic activities), the dissertation analyses the performance and damage of academic misconduct, and the facing confusion in the process of governing it in China. The dissertation holds that academic misconduct is not only the anomie of academic behavior,but also the anomie of academic ethics.we must start from the academic ethics to regulate academic development. So the following problems are what the academic ethics is and how academic ethics is anomic.
In order to respond to these two questions above, the dissertation firstly analyses some key issues that concern academic ethics such as theoretical basis, concept, content, speciality,value and its realization. They will lay the theoretical groundwork for the latter part.And then the dissertation explores the internal cause of university academic ethics anomie from empirical analysis and logical reasoning.Comprehensive analysis holds that the anomie of academic ethics is due to the disorder of academic values in terms of a deeper level actually.So ethical regulation on university faculty becomes a necessity,which would make their confused academic values step into the normal track in line with the academic ethical relations gradually.
To this end, an operational route to the ethical regulation on university faculty is proposed:First of all, the dissertation constructs a three-dimensional university academic ethical values system,which is the intrinsic base of the ethics regulation;Secondly, the dissertation explores the specific operational procedures of academic ethics, which is the organization and supporting system of the ethics regulation.
The innovation of the dissertation lies in the construction of the theoretical basis and research paradigm on academic ethics, a more in-depth analysis on the cause of academic misconduct from the ethical dimensions,and a preliminary construction of university academic ethical regulation system. All the above would not only expands the research view about university academic management,and raise the scholastic awareness on university academic ethics and rich the study field of the applied ethics,but also lay a theoretical foundation for building and improving the university's academic management system.
引文
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