无线智能家居控制网络及其协议设计
|
摘要
智能家居系统是利用计算机、嵌入式系统和通信网络技术,将各种家用设施(如照明、安防、家电等)通过家庭网络连接到一起的系统,能为人们提供更为便利舒适的生活环境。传统的智能家居系统一般是通过有线线路布线来进行各种控制和通信的,人们难以脱离各种线缆的羁绊,而且系统的可扩展性能也很差。现代近距离无线通信技术的发展,使得人们能够冲破这种束缚,营造更舒适的家居生活环境。家居网络可以大致分为数据网络和控制网络两大部分,本文针对智能家居系统的控制网络相关技术进行研究,并提出了一种无线通信协议,然后基于这一协议设计了一个无线智能家居控制系统。
首先分析了智能家居系统的一般构成以及控制系统在智能家居的地位,并通过对传统智能家居的特点进行分析,指出了目前市场上的智能家居系统的局限性,指出基于短距离无线通信网络的现代智能家居系统是未来的发展趋势。
接着对无线通信协议进行了分析,提出了一套无线通信协议。主要是针对MAC层和网络层进行了设计。MAC层为网络层和物理层提供了一个接口,主要完成:设备间无线链路的建立、维护和结束,帧的传送与接收,信道接入控制,帧校验,广播信息管理等功能。在MAC层中定义了超短帧、普通帧和超长帧等三种不同长度的帧,来针对不同类型的设备,以降低设备的功耗。另外,还对多址接入算法进行了研究;网络层为应用层提供服务,主要负责网络的启动、拓扑的选择、路由、设备的接入和断开等功能。
然后从系统和应用的角度来研究智能家居控制网络,设计了一个基于近距离无线通信技术的智能家居控制系统,主要包括网络控制器,以及红外防盗传感节点、照明开关控制节点和窗帘控制节点等终端节点,最后通过实际运行验证了本系统的各项功能,并对各种类型的节点进行了功耗分析。
Smarthome system is to connect the facilities and devices such as lighting system, safeguard system and electrical equipments etc. to a form a home network, which provides people more comfortable and convenient life. The traditional Smarthome systems are controlled and communicate through kinds of wires and in that case people are involved with these troublesome wires or cables and it is hard to expand the system to compliant some new appliances or devices. With the development of modern short-ranged wireless communication technology, people are free of these pulling wires and easy to add the new equipments and lead more comfortable life. There are two parts of home network including the data network and the control network. In this paper, we mainly research the technologies about Smarthome system, present a new protocol of wireless communication, and design a simple wireless Smarthome control system based on this protocol.
This paper is discussed according to the following sections: First of all, the paper analyzes the structure of a Smarthome system and the function of the control system in it. Then it describes features of the traditional Smarthome systems and points out their disadvantages and limitation. According to these analyses, we put forward that it is the great trend in the future to develop the wireless Smarthome system based on the short-ranged wireless networking technologies.
Secondly, the paper presents a new protocol of wireless communication. The design is mainly focus on MAC layer and network layer. The MAC layer provides an interface between physical layer and network layer. The responsibilities of the MAC layer including establishing, maintaining, and disconnecting the radio link between devices, transmission of the frame, channel access control, verifying the frame, and the broadcast management. There are 3 types defined frame in MAC layer: super short frame, normal frame, and super long frame according to the different device to minimize the power consumption. Besides, we also do some research on multiple access arithmetic. The network layer provides service to application layer. It responsible for initiating the network, choosing the topology, discovering and maintaining the route, adding device to network and removing device from network.
Thirdly, the paper designs a simple Smarthome system based on the new protocol including the designs of the network controller and some nodes such as infrared detector, lamp controllers, and curtain controller. Then we verify the protocol on this system and analyze the power consumption of each battery-powered node.
首先分析了智能家居系统的一般构成以及控制系统在智能家居的地位,并通过对传统智能家居的特点进行分析,指出了目前市场上的智能家居系统的局限性,指出基于短距离无线通信网络的现代智能家居系统是未来的发展趋势。
接着对无线通信协议进行了分析,提出了一套无线通信协议。主要是针对MAC层和网络层进行了设计。MAC层为网络层和物理层提供了一个接口,主要完成:设备间无线链路的建立、维护和结束,帧的传送与接收,信道接入控制,帧校验,广播信息管理等功能。在MAC层中定义了超短帧、普通帧和超长帧等三种不同长度的帧,来针对不同类型的设备,以降低设备的功耗。另外,还对多址接入算法进行了研究;网络层为应用层提供服务,主要负责网络的启动、拓扑的选择、路由、设备的接入和断开等功能。
然后从系统和应用的角度来研究智能家居控制网络,设计了一个基于近距离无线通信技术的智能家居控制系统,主要包括网络控制器,以及红外防盗传感节点、照明开关控制节点和窗帘控制节点等终端节点,最后通过实际运行验证了本系统的各项功能,并对各种类型的节点进行了功耗分析。
Smarthome system is to connect the facilities and devices such as lighting system, safeguard system and electrical equipments etc. to a form a home network, which provides people more comfortable and convenient life. The traditional Smarthome systems are controlled and communicate through kinds of wires and in that case people are involved with these troublesome wires or cables and it is hard to expand the system to compliant some new appliances or devices. With the development of modern short-ranged wireless communication technology, people are free of these pulling wires and easy to add the new equipments and lead more comfortable life. There are two parts of home network including the data network and the control network. In this paper, we mainly research the technologies about Smarthome system, present a new protocol of wireless communication, and design a simple wireless Smarthome control system based on this protocol.
This paper is discussed according to the following sections: First of all, the paper analyzes the structure of a Smarthome system and the function of the control system in it. Then it describes features of the traditional Smarthome systems and points out their disadvantages and limitation. According to these analyses, we put forward that it is the great trend in the future to develop the wireless Smarthome system based on the short-ranged wireless networking technologies.
Secondly, the paper presents a new protocol of wireless communication. The design is mainly focus on MAC layer and network layer. The MAC layer provides an interface between physical layer and network layer. The responsibilities of the MAC layer including establishing, maintaining, and disconnecting the radio link between devices, transmission of the frame, channel access control, verifying the frame, and the broadcast management. There are 3 types defined frame in MAC layer: super short frame, normal frame, and super long frame according to the different device to minimize the power consumption. Besides, we also do some research on multiple access arithmetic. The network layer provides service to application layer. It responsible for initiating the network, choosing the topology, discovering and maintaining the route, adding device to network and removing device from network.
Thirdly, the paper designs a simple Smarthome system based on the new protocol including the designs of the network controller and some nodes such as infrared detector, lamp controllers, and curtain controller. Then we verify the protocol on this system and analyze the power consumption of each battery-powered node.
引文
[1] 杨士元. 数字家居网络技术及应用. 电子工业出版社,2002. 12-37
[2] 方旭明. 短距离无线与移动通信网络. 人民邮电出版社,2004. 67-90
[3] 黎连业,郭春芳,向东明. 无线网络及其应用技术. 清华大学出版社,2004. 15-63
[4] 陈淑娟. 无线智能家居控制网络设计及协议研究. 重庆大学,硕士论文,2005. 1-30
[5] 蒋仙华. 智能家居系统的研究与开发. 浙江大学,硕士论文,2004. 6-28
[6] 张志强. 家庭网络技术标准及其在我国的发展策略研究. 邮电规划,2004, 3:3-6
[7] 龙邦贵. 一个智能家居网络系统的研究及初步实现. 广东工业大学,硕士论文,2003. 1-8
[8] 2003 年 10 大前沿技术市场预览. 环球市场,2003,2: 51-52
[9] 彭海霞. LonWorks 智能家居网络开发及信息的智能处理. 广东工业大学,硕士论文,2004. 1-17
[10] 施旭燕. 智能家居自动化技术研究. 哈尔滨工程大学,硕士论文,2002. 5-19
[11] 蔡型,张思全. 短距离无线通信技术综述. 现代电子技术,2004,3:35-37
[12] 李光. 构建低成本无线嵌入式系统. 泰州职业技术学院学报,2003,5:18-20。
[13] 郑相全等. 无线自组网技术实用教程. 清华大学出版社,2004. 92-113
[14] 王顺满,吴长奇,张芨译. 无线局域网设计与实现. 科学出版社,2003. 26-49
[15] 802.11 无线网络权威指南. 清华大学出版社,2002-11. 15-42
[16] 郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰等. Ad Hoc 网络技术. 人民邮电出版社
[17] 周敬利,陈太坤,余胜生,王有成. 基于 Bluetooth 的 WPAN 的研究与实现. 计算机工程,2003,1:133-135
[18] 张燕红. 蓝牙技术在智能家居中的应用. 北京工业大学,硕士论文,2003. 1-17
[19] 卢伟国. 蓝牙家庭网关及其在智能家居系统中的应用研究. 重庆大学,硕士论文,2003. 2-16
[20] 彭天笑,缪小红. 基于 ZigBee 的 WPAN 构建方案. 电信工程技术与标准化,2003,8:10-12
[21] 陈晓琛,申伟,王隽. 低速无线个人局域网的实现. 电信快报, 2004,3:36-38
[22] 彭立,徐红漫. 发展中的 IEEE802.15.4. 现代电信技术,2004,4:20-23
[23] Dinko Hadzic. Introduction to IEEE 802.15.4 Technology. Chipcon, 2004
[24] ZigBee Specification V1.0. December 14th,2004
[25] Tod Riedel. Self-organizing Wireless Sensor Networks. Millennial Net, 2004
[26] E.Callaway, P.Gorday, L.Hester, J.A.Gutierrez, M.Naeve, B.Heile, and V.Bahl. Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Comminications Magazine, 2002
[27] Patrick Kinney, etc. ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works, Communications Design Conference, 2003
[28] Deborah Estrin,David Culler,and Kris Prister. Connecting the Physical World with Pervasive Networks. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2002
[29] 金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋. ZigBee 与蓝牙的分析和比较. 标准与技术追踪,2004,6:17-20
[30] 原羿,苏鸿根. 基于 ZigBee 技术的无线网络应用技术. 计算机应用与软件,2004,6:89-91
[31] IEEE Standard for Information technology Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Std 802.15.4TM, 2003
[32] 沈宇超,沈树群等. 射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计. 电子科学学报,1999,5:20-25
[33] Christer Englund, Henrik Wallin. RFID in Wireless Sensor Network. Technical Report EX034/2004, 2004, 11-26
[34] Bianchi G, Fratta L, Oliveri M. Performance evaluation and enhancement of the CSMA/CA MAC protocol for 802.11 wireless LANs. In Proc. Of the PIMRC, 1996, 392-396
[35] Sanjeev Khanna, Saswati Sarkar, Insik Shin. An Energy Measurement Based Collision Resolution Protocol. Proceedings of the 18th International Teletraffic Congress, ITC18, 2003
[36] Nicholas Bambos, Shou C.Chen, Giregory J.Pottle. Channel Access Algorithms with Active Link Protection for wireless Communication Networks with Power Control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.8, 2000
[37] P.Karn. Maca – a new channel access method for packet radio. In Amateur Radio Ninth Computer Networking Conference, 1990, 134-140
[38] IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997, IEEE Std 802.11
[39] Chonggang Wang, Bo Li, and Lemin Li, A new collision resolution mechanism to enhance the performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF. IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Technology, vol.53, 2004, 1235-1246
[40] Junghans. Performance of MAC Layer and Fairness Protocol for the Dual Bus Optical Ring Network (DBORN). Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling, 2005, 467-476
[41] Hassan Khalil. Stochastic Modeling for Wireless Communication Networks Multiple Access Methods. U.U.D.M Project Report, 2003, 21-58
[42] Katayoun Sohrabi, Jay Gao, Vishal Ailawadhi, Gregory J.Pottie. Protocols for Self-Organization of a Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000
[43] Amre El-Hoiydi, Jean-Dominique Decotignie, Jean Hernandez. Low Power MAC Protocols for Infrastructure Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proc. European Wireless (EW’04), 2004, 563-569
[44] Alec Woo, David Culler, A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks. In Preceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2001, 221-235
[45] Andre Barroso, Utz Roedig, and Cormac J.Sreenan. uMAC: An Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2005), IEEE Computer Society Press, 2005
[46] Bharghavan, V.Demers. MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN’s, Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM’94, 1994, 212-225
[47] Y.C.Tay, K.Jamieson, H.Balakrishnan. Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun, vol.22, 2004, 1048-1057
[48] Zygmunt J.Haas, Jing Deng. On Optimizing the Backoff Interval for Random Access Schemes. IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.51, 2003
[49] Cali F, Conti M, Gregori E. IEEE 802.11 protocol: Design and performance evaluation of an adaptive backoff mechanism. IEEE JSAC, 2000,18-26
[2] 方旭明. 短距离无线与移动通信网络. 人民邮电出版社,2004. 67-90
[3] 黎连业,郭春芳,向东明. 无线网络及其应用技术. 清华大学出版社,2004. 15-63
[4] 陈淑娟. 无线智能家居控制网络设计及协议研究. 重庆大学,硕士论文,2005. 1-30
[5] 蒋仙华. 智能家居系统的研究与开发. 浙江大学,硕士论文,2004. 6-28
[6] 张志强. 家庭网络技术标准及其在我国的发展策略研究. 邮电规划,2004, 3:3-6
[7] 龙邦贵. 一个智能家居网络系统的研究及初步实现. 广东工业大学,硕士论文,2003. 1-8
[8] 2003 年 10 大前沿技术市场预览. 环球市场,2003,2: 51-52
[9] 彭海霞. LonWorks 智能家居网络开发及信息的智能处理. 广东工业大学,硕士论文,2004. 1-17
[10] 施旭燕. 智能家居自动化技术研究. 哈尔滨工程大学,硕士论文,2002. 5-19
[11] 蔡型,张思全. 短距离无线通信技术综述. 现代电子技术,2004,3:35-37
[12] 李光. 构建低成本无线嵌入式系统. 泰州职业技术学院学报,2003,5:18-20。
[13] 郑相全等. 无线自组网技术实用教程. 清华大学出版社,2004. 92-113
[14] 王顺满,吴长奇,张芨译. 无线局域网设计与实现. 科学出版社,2003. 26-49
[15] 802.11 无线网络权威指南. 清华大学出版社,2002-11. 15-42
[16] 郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰等. Ad Hoc 网络技术. 人民邮电出版社
[17] 周敬利,陈太坤,余胜生,王有成. 基于 Bluetooth 的 WPAN 的研究与实现. 计算机工程,2003,1:133-135
[18] 张燕红. 蓝牙技术在智能家居中的应用. 北京工业大学,硕士论文,2003. 1-17
[19] 卢伟国. 蓝牙家庭网关及其在智能家居系统中的应用研究. 重庆大学,硕士论文,2003. 2-16
[20] 彭天笑,缪小红. 基于 ZigBee 的 WPAN 构建方案. 电信工程技术与标准化,2003,8:10-12
[21] 陈晓琛,申伟,王隽. 低速无线个人局域网的实现. 电信快报, 2004,3:36-38
[22] 彭立,徐红漫. 发展中的 IEEE802.15.4. 现代电信技术,2004,4:20-23
[23] Dinko Hadzic. Introduction to IEEE 802.15.4 Technology. Chipcon, 2004
[24] ZigBee Specification V1.0. December 14th,2004
[25] Tod Riedel. Self-organizing Wireless Sensor Networks. Millennial Net, 2004
[26] E.Callaway, P.Gorday, L.Hester, J.A.Gutierrez, M.Naeve, B.Heile, and V.Bahl. Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Comminications Magazine, 2002
[27] Patrick Kinney, etc. ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works, Communications Design Conference, 2003
[28] Deborah Estrin,David Culler,and Kris Prister. Connecting the Physical World with Pervasive Networks. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2002
[29] 金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋. ZigBee 与蓝牙的分析和比较. 标准与技术追踪,2004,6:17-20
[30] 原羿,苏鸿根. 基于 ZigBee 技术的无线网络应用技术. 计算机应用与软件,2004,6:89-91
[31] IEEE Standard for Information technology Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Std 802.15.4TM, 2003
[32] 沈宇超,沈树群等. 射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计. 电子科学学报,1999,5:20-25
[33] Christer Englund, Henrik Wallin. RFID in Wireless Sensor Network. Technical Report EX034/2004, 2004, 11-26
[34] Bianchi G, Fratta L, Oliveri M. Performance evaluation and enhancement of the CSMA/CA MAC protocol for 802.11 wireless LANs. In Proc. Of the PIMRC, 1996, 392-396
[35] Sanjeev Khanna, Saswati Sarkar, Insik Shin. An Energy Measurement Based Collision Resolution Protocol. Proceedings of the 18th International Teletraffic Congress, ITC18, 2003
[36] Nicholas Bambos, Shou C.Chen, Giregory J.Pottle. Channel Access Algorithms with Active Link Protection for wireless Communication Networks with Power Control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.8, 2000
[37] P.Karn. Maca – a new channel access method for packet radio. In Amateur Radio Ninth Computer Networking Conference, 1990, 134-140
[38] IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997, IEEE Std 802.11
[39] Chonggang Wang, Bo Li, and Lemin Li, A new collision resolution mechanism to enhance the performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF. IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Technology, vol.53, 2004, 1235-1246
[40] Junghans. Performance of MAC Layer and Fairness Protocol for the Dual Bus Optical Ring Network (DBORN). Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling, 2005, 467-476
[41] Hassan Khalil. Stochastic Modeling for Wireless Communication Networks Multiple Access Methods. U.U.D.M Project Report, 2003, 21-58
[42] Katayoun Sohrabi, Jay Gao, Vishal Ailawadhi, Gregory J.Pottie. Protocols for Self-Organization of a Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000
[43] Amre El-Hoiydi, Jean-Dominique Decotignie, Jean Hernandez. Low Power MAC Protocols for Infrastructure Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proc. European Wireless (EW’04), 2004, 563-569
[44] Alec Woo, David Culler, A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks. In Preceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2001, 221-235
[45] Andre Barroso, Utz Roedig, and Cormac J.Sreenan. uMAC: An Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2005), IEEE Computer Society Press, 2005
[46] Bharghavan, V.Demers. MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN’s, Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM’94, 1994, 212-225
[47] Y.C.Tay, K.Jamieson, H.Balakrishnan. Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun, vol.22, 2004, 1048-1057
[48] Zygmunt J.Haas, Jing Deng. On Optimizing the Backoff Interval for Random Access Schemes. IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.51, 2003
[49] Cali F, Conti M, Gregori E. IEEE 802.11 protocol: Design and performance evaluation of an adaptive backoff mechanism. IEEE JSAC, 2000,18-26