轨迹补偿法加工非球面光学零件新技术的研究
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摘要
针对国内外非球面加工现状，本文提出一种新的加工方法-轨迹补偿法，利用等距线公式，建立了轨迹补偿法加工原理的数学模型，分析论证了轨迹补偿法的正确性、可行性、实用性，并应用MATLAB和VB编制出相应的加工程序，在此基础上，设计出相应加工机床的总体结构。
编制出的程序可计算出各种二次曲线的补偿误差，精度可达10~(-6)mm，设计出的加工机床可完成二次曲线的截取，补偿等功能，满足基本运动要求。该机床完善后，可加工所有二次曲线和高次曲线，并能保证较好的零件面形精度，该机床结构简单，加工尺寸范围大，加工效率高，将会大大降低非球面加工的成本。
This paper presents a new processing method-locus compensating method after analyzing the present processing situations of aspheric parts . using the formula of equidistant line, we create the mathematical model of working principle of the locus compensating method , demonstrate the correctness, feasibility and practicability of the method and made corresponding processing program with MATLAB and VB . at last, we devise the corresponding general structure of machining tools on the basis of above .
The program we made can calculate all kinds of compensating errors of quadric curve whose calculation accuracy can reach 10-6mm . the machining tools we devised can perform the functions of interception of quadric curves and errors compensation ,which meets the demand of basic movements . When the machining tools is perfected , it can process all of quadric curves and high degree curves with high surface form precision . At the same time , the its structure is very simple processing size range is large and its efficiency is high , so it will greatly reduce the cost of processing of aspheric parts .
编制出的程序可计算出各种二次曲线的补偿误差，精度可达10~(-6)mm，设计出的加工机床可完成二次曲线的截取，补偿等功能，满足基本运动要求。该机床完善后，可加工所有二次曲线和高次曲线，并能保证较好的零件面形精度，该机床结构简单，加工尺寸范围大，加工效率高，将会大大降低非球面加工的成本。
This paper presents a new processing method-locus compensating method after analyzing the present processing situations of aspheric parts . using the formula of equidistant line, we create the mathematical model of working principle of the locus compensating method , demonstrate the correctness, feasibility and practicability of the method and made corresponding processing program with MATLAB and VB . at last, we devise the corresponding general structure of machining tools on the basis of above .
The program we made can calculate all kinds of compensating errors of quadric curve whose calculation accuracy can reach 10-6mm . the machining tools we devised can perform the functions of interception of quadric curves and errors compensation ,which meets the demand of basic movements . When the machining tools is perfected , it can process all of quadric curves and high degree curves with high surface form precision . At the same time , the its structure is very simple processing size range is large and its efficiency is high , so it will greatly reduce the cost of processing of aspheric parts .
引文
1．朴承镐，蔡立．兵器行业先进制造技术发展对策论证素材报告—非球面光学零件加工技术．2000．3
2．朴承镐，蔡立．一种新型光学加工机床的探讨．光学技术．1991．3
3．朴承镐．“轨迹法加工光学零件新原理研究”结题报告．1996．12
4．辛企明．美国非球面加工现状．压电与声光．1997．10
5．姚南洵．复杂曲面优化造形．大连：人连理工大学出版社，1996．12：95～113
6. Bifano T G, Dow T A. Ductile-Regime Grinding: Anew Technology for Machining Brittle Materials. Journal of Engineering for Industry. May 1991. Vol. 113/185
7. William J, Wills-Maren. Ductile regime grinding of glass and other brittle materials by the use of ultra-stiff machine tools. Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing. 126/SPIE Vol. 1333,1990
8. Stowers I F, Komanduri R. Review of precision surface generating processes and their potential application to the fabrication of large optical components. SPIE Vol.966 1988
9．周泽华．玻璃切削机理-玻璃切削模型及切削过程．机械工程学报．1993．4
10．金东燮．精细陶瓷切削过程中表面形成机理的研究．机械工程学报．1989．9
11．Libo ZHOU. CERAMIC MIRROR GRINDING: USing Extremely Fine Grit Diamond Wheel. ELID研削研究会报
12．朴承镐，蔡立．轨迹成形法加工非球面光学零件专利申请书．2000．4
13．庄司克雄．非球面光学零件加工的研究报告．2000．8
14．王会．微分几何学导论．高等教育出版社．1999：49～51
15．门槛创作室．Visual Basic 6.0．电子工业出版社．1999．4
16．康博创作室．Visual Basic新起点．机械工业出版社．1999．6
17．金属机床设计编写组．金属切削机床设计．上海科学技术出版社．1995．2
18．袁哲俊，王先逵．精密和超精密加工技术．机械工业出版社．1999．1
19．王连发．赵墨砚．光学玻璃工艺学．兵器工业出版社．1997．11
20．马宏．精密刻划工艺．兵器工业出版社．1997．2
21．J．E．希特利，C．R．米什克．机械设计通用手册．机械工业出版社．1995．6
22．大连理工大学工程制图教研室．机械制图．高等教育出版社．1995．4
23．李洪．实用机床设计手册．辽宁科学技术出版社．1999．1
24．潘新民，王燕芳．微型计算机控制技术．人民邮电出版社，1999：273
25．潘仲明．精密车床直线运动误差检测、补偿中的压电微动伺服机构．中国仪器仪表学会过程检测仪表学会河南省仪表学会论文．1997．9
26．刘宝廷，程树康．步进电动机及其驱动控制系统．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1997
27. Kenyi Uchino. Electrostrictive Ceramic Actuators: Material and Applications Ceramic Bull, 1986, 65(4): pp. 647～652
28. Patterson S R and Magrabt E B. Design and testing of a fast tool serve for diamond turning. Precision Engineering. July 1985,Vol 7NO 3:pp. 123～128
29．机械工业部仪器仪表工业局．光学加工机床．机械工业出版社．1998
30．吴敏镜．超精密加工的概况与展望．机械工艺师．1998．7
31．超精密加工技术国防国防科技重点实验室．中国航空工业总公司第三0三研究所．超精密加工机床设计．1995．5
32．邱宣怀，郭可谦，唐绍模等．机械设计．高等教育出版社．1998．2
33．郑提，唐可洪．机电一体化设计基础．机械工业出版社．1997．8
34．朱龙根，黄雨华．机械系统设计．机械工业出版社．1990．4
35．王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．1998：284～287
36．何立民．《单片机应用技术选编(2)》，北京航空航天大学出版社．1997：354～357
37. Gill A, Paul R, Scheinman V. Computer Manipulator Control, Visual feedback and Related Problem. Proc. 1st CISM-IFTOMM Symp. 1974: 31～50
38．任三平．单测头、大闭环误差补偿系统研究：[硕士论文]．哈尔滨工业大学．1994
39. New C V, COMB,PIINN I. Improving The Linearity of Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators. Electronics Letters. 1982,18(18)
40. Hrioshi kaiznKA, byronsiu, A Simple Way to Reduce Hysteresis and Creep when Using Piezoelectric Actuators. JAPANESE BOOKNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 1988,27(5): PP,773～776
41．何雅全，吴明根．超精密加工技术基础．航空航天工业部第三0三研究所．1993．1
42．李正．光栅检测位移量的专用车床闭环控制系统．电气自动化，1998，6：65
43．MAXIM NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK. MAXIM Ltd., 1999
44．任三平．压电陶瓷微量进给机构精密驱动电源的设计．机械电子．1993．5
45. donmez M A. Ageneral methodology for machine tool accuracy enchancement by error compensation. Precision Engineering, 1984
46．冈崎佑一．超精密车削加工用压电陶瓷微位移机构．精密工学会志．1987
47．崔万林．光学机床设计．北京：兵器工业出版社．1987
48. Yoshihiro Hara. A New Micro-Cutting Device With High Stiffness and Resolution. CIRP, 1990, 39(1)
49. Gottschlich S N, Kak A C. A Dynamic Approach to High-Precision Parts Mating. IEEE 1988: 1246～1253
2．朴承镐，蔡立．一种新型光学加工机床的探讨．光学技术．1991．3
3．朴承镐．“轨迹法加工光学零件新原理研究”结题报告．1996．12
4．辛企明．美国非球面加工现状．压电与声光．1997．10
5．姚南洵．复杂曲面优化造形．大连：人连理工大学出版社，1996．12：95～113
6. Bifano T G, Dow T A. Ductile-Regime Grinding: Anew Technology for Machining Brittle Materials. Journal of Engineering for Industry. May 1991. Vol. 113/185
7. William J, Wills-Maren. Ductile regime grinding of glass and other brittle materials by the use of ultra-stiff machine tools. Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing. 126/SPIE Vol. 1333,1990
8. Stowers I F, Komanduri R. Review of precision surface generating processes and their potential application to the fabrication of large optical components. SPIE Vol.966 1988
9．周泽华．玻璃切削机理-玻璃切削模型及切削过程．机械工程学报．1993．4
10．金东燮．精细陶瓷切削过程中表面形成机理的研究．机械工程学报．1989．9
11．Libo ZHOU. CERAMIC MIRROR GRINDING: USing Extremely Fine Grit Diamond Wheel. ELID研削研究会报
12．朴承镐，蔡立．轨迹成形法加工非球面光学零件专利申请书．2000．4
13．庄司克雄．非球面光学零件加工的研究报告．2000．8
14．王会．微分几何学导论．高等教育出版社．1999：49～51
15．门槛创作室．Visual Basic 6.0．电子工业出版社．1999．4
16．康博创作室．Visual Basic新起点．机械工业出版社．1999．6
17．金属机床设计编写组．金属切削机床设计．上海科学技术出版社．1995．2
18．袁哲俊，王先逵．精密和超精密加工技术．机械工业出版社．1999．1
19．王连发．赵墨砚．光学玻璃工艺学．兵器工业出版社．1997．11
20．马宏．精密刻划工艺．兵器工业出版社．1997．2
21．J．E．希特利，C．R．米什克．机械设计通用手册．机械工业出版社．1995．6
22．大连理工大学工程制图教研室．机械制图．高等教育出版社．1995．4
23．李洪．实用机床设计手册．辽宁科学技术出版社．1999．1
24．潘新民，王燕芳．微型计算机控制技术．人民邮电出版社，1999：273
25．潘仲明．精密车床直线运动误差检测、补偿中的压电微动伺服机构．中国仪器仪表学会过程检测仪表学会河南省仪表学会论文．1997．9
26．刘宝廷，程树康．步进电动机及其驱动控制系统．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1997
27. Kenyi Uchino. Electrostrictive Ceramic Actuators: Material and Applications Ceramic Bull, 1986, 65(4): pp. 647～652
28. Patterson S R and Magrabt E B. Design and testing of a fast tool serve for diamond turning. Precision Engineering. July 1985,Vol 7NO 3:pp. 123～128
29．机械工业部仪器仪表工业局．光学加工机床．机械工业出版社．1998
30．吴敏镜．超精密加工的概况与展望．机械工艺师．1998．7
31．超精密加工技术国防国防科技重点实验室．中国航空工业总公司第三0三研究所．超精密加工机床设计．1995．5
32．邱宣怀，郭可谦，唐绍模等．机械设计．高等教育出版社．1998．2
33．郑提，唐可洪．机电一体化设计基础．机械工业出版社．1997．8
34．朱龙根，黄雨华．机械系统设计．机械工业出版社．1990．4
35．王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．1998：284～287
36．何立民．《单片机应用技术选编(2)》，北京航空航天大学出版社．1997：354～357
37. Gill A, Paul R, Scheinman V. Computer Manipulator Control, Visual feedback and Related Problem. Proc. 1st CISM-IFTOMM Symp. 1974: 31～50
38．任三平．单测头、大闭环误差补偿系统研究：[硕士论文]．哈尔滨工业大学．1994
39. New C V, COMB,PIINN I. Improving The Linearity of Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators. Electronics Letters. 1982,18(18)
40. Hrioshi kaiznKA, byronsiu, A Simple Way to Reduce Hysteresis and Creep when Using Piezoelectric Actuators. JAPANESE BOOKNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 1988,27(5): PP,773～776
41．何雅全，吴明根．超精密加工技术基础．航空航天工业部第三0三研究所．1993．1
42．李正．光栅检测位移量的专用车床闭环控制系统．电气自动化，1998，6：65
43．MAXIM NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK. MAXIM Ltd., 1999
44．任三平．压电陶瓷微量进给机构精密驱动电源的设计．机械电子．1993．5
45. donmez M A. Ageneral methodology for machine tool accuracy enchancement by error compensation. Precision Engineering, 1984
46．冈崎佑一．超精密车削加工用压电陶瓷微位移机构．精密工学会志．1987
47．崔万林．光学机床设计．北京：兵器工业出版社．1987
48. Yoshihiro Hara. A New Micro-Cutting Device With High Stiffness and Resolution. CIRP, 1990, 39(1)
49. Gottschlich S N, Kak A C. A Dynamic Approach to High-Precision Parts Mating. IEEE 1988: 1246～1253