利用回交重组自交系分析水稻株型与穗部性状的遗传基础
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摘要
理想的植株形态是高产的生理基础,株型改良对水稻超高产育种具有重要的作用。本研究以优良杂交稻亲本9311和珍汕97B的回交重组自交系(BRILs)群体为材料,构建了分子遗传连锁图谱,并利用该群体(BE_1F_8)的244个株系对剑叶、叶间距、穗抽出度等8个株型性状与穗重等5个穗部性状进行了两年考察及株型等性状QTL分析,取得的主要结果如下:
1、利用122个SSR标记和2个InDel标记对BRILs 244个单株进行基因型分析并构建遗传连锁图谱,该连锁图共覆盖水稻全基因组1,349.3cM的遗传距离,标记间平均图距为10.9cM。在124个标记中,87个位点上等位基因频率符合1:3的分离比率,37个标记表现偏分离(P＜0.05),占29.8%,并且存在明显的偏分离热点,它们分布于除第5、9以外的10条染色体上,其中16个偏向珍汕97B,1个偏向9311。
2、8个株型相关性状(株高、剑叶宽、剑叶长、剑叶面积、剑叶角、叶间距、穗长、穗抽出度)除了剑叶角外其余均与穗重在两年试验中都呈现极显著相关性;在株型性状和穗部性状内也存有显著的相关性,表明株型相关性状的改良可能对单产提高有着重要的作用。
3、两年共检测到影响8个株型性状的62个QTL(LOD＞2.4),它们主要分布在第1、3、7、8、11染色体上。其中叶面积qFS-1α的效应最大,两年分别解释37.73%/26.62%的叶片面积变异,来自珍汕97B等位基因能使叶片面积减少5.60cm~2/9.20cm~2。
4、两年共检测到34个影响穗部相关性状(一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、粒长、粒宽、穗重)的QTL(LOD＞2.4),它们分布于除第9染色体外的其余染色体上。其中粒宽qGW-5的效应最大,为65.37%/56.90%,其来自9311的等位基因降低粒宽。
5、12条染色体上共定位到18个多效性QTL区间,其中12个QTL区间同时影响株型和穗部性状,4个重叠QTL区间同时影响穗部相关性状,如第1染色体存在多效性区间RMl51-RM8083同时控制剑叶长、剑叶宽、剑叶面积、二次枝梗和穗重,该区间QTL解释表型变异的范围为7.28%～37.73%,而且这5个性状间两年均呈极显著相关,表明多效性QTL可能是性状显著相关的遗传基础。
Ideal plant type is one of the physiological bases of high yield potential in crops. Improvement of the plant type may play an important role for super-high yield breeding of rice. In this study, a population consisting of 244 BC_1F_8 lines (backcross recombinant inbred lines) derived from the cross of 9311 and Zhenshan97B, both elite indica hybrid rice parents, were developed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. A genetic linkage map was constructed using this population, and phenotypic data of eight plant type traits such as flag leaf length, distance between flag leaf and second-leaf, panicle exsertion and five panicle traits such as panicle weight in this population were collected from two year trials. The main results of the QTL mapping are as follows:
1. Two hundred forty-four lines of the BRILs (backcross recombinant inbred lines) were analyzed by 122 SSR (simple sequence repeat) and 2 InDel (insert-deletion marker) to construct a genetic linkage map, which covers a total of l,349.3cM with an average interval of 10.9cM between adjacent loci. Among the 124 marker loci, the allele frequency at 87 loci is according with the ratio of 1:3, meanwhile, the allele frequency of 37 loci (29.8%) are significantly skewed from the ratio as tested by Chi-square (p<0.05). Moreover, there are obvious hot chromosomal spots of the distorted segregation loci, which distribute on all of the 12 chromosome excluding chromosome 5 and 9, and 16 of the loci distort to zhenshan97B, only one of them distorts to the parent 9311.
2. Coefficients of pairwise correlations between 8 plant type traits (PH、FW、FL、FS、FA、FD、PL、PNL) and panicle weight (PW) are highly significant excluding FA; There are also significant correlations within the plant type traits and the panicle traits, which suggest that improvement of the plant type traits may be a good way to increase yield potential in rice.
3. Sixty two QTLs for the eight plant type traits are detected (LOD>2.4) in the two year trials, and distribute mainly on the chromosome 1、3、7、8、11. Among of the QTLs, qFS-1a for flag leaf area has the largest effect with the explained phenotypic variation of 37.73% in Hainan and 26.62% in Wuhan, and the allele from Zhenshan97B can reduce the flag leaf area about 5.60cm and 9.20cm in Hainan and Wuhan respectively.
4. Thirty four QTLs for panicle traits (PBN、SBN、GL、GW、PW) are identified, and mapped on almost all the chromosomes except of chromosome 9. The qGW-5 for grain width has the largest phenotypic variation with 65.37% in Hainan and 56.90% in Wuhan, and the allele from 9311 reduces the grain width about 0.2cm in Hainan and Wuhan trials.
5. Eighteen pleiotropic or overlapping QTLs regions in the 12 chromosomes are also observed, of which 12 affected the plant type traits and the panicle traits simultaneously, 4 QTL regions each involve the different panicle traits, and 2 pleiotropic QTLs regions affected the different plant type traits. For instance, the marker interval RM151-RM8083 on chromosome 1 controlling simultaneously the five traits (FL、FW、FS、SBN and PW), and the range of the explained phenotypic variation is 7.28% to 37.73%. The results are consistent with the highly significant correlations among the five traits, suggesting that the pleiotropic QTLs should be the genetic basis of the significant correlation of the investigated traits.
1、利用122个SSR标记和2个InDel标记对BRILs 244个单株进行基因型分析并构建遗传连锁图谱,该连锁图共覆盖水稻全基因组1,349.3cM的遗传距离,标记间平均图距为10.9cM。在124个标记中,87个位点上等位基因频率符合1:3的分离比率,37个标记表现偏分离(P＜0.05),占29.8%,并且存在明显的偏分离热点,它们分布于除第5、9以外的10条染色体上,其中16个偏向珍汕97B,1个偏向9311。
2、8个株型相关性状(株高、剑叶宽、剑叶长、剑叶面积、剑叶角、叶间距、穗长、穗抽出度)除了剑叶角外其余均与穗重在两年试验中都呈现极显著相关性;在株型性状和穗部性状内也存有显著的相关性,表明株型相关性状的改良可能对单产提高有着重要的作用。
3、两年共检测到影响8个株型性状的62个QTL(LOD＞2.4),它们主要分布在第1、3、7、8、11染色体上。其中叶面积qFS-1α的效应最大,两年分别解释37.73%/26.62%的叶片面积变异,来自珍汕97B等位基因能使叶片面积减少5.60cm~2/9.20cm~2。
4、两年共检测到34个影响穗部相关性状(一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、粒长、粒宽、穗重)的QTL(LOD＞2.4),它们分布于除第9染色体外的其余染色体上。其中粒宽qGW-5的效应最大,为65.37%/56.90%,其来自9311的等位基因降低粒宽。
5、12条染色体上共定位到18个多效性QTL区间,其中12个QTL区间同时影响株型和穗部性状,4个重叠QTL区间同时影响穗部相关性状,如第1染色体存在多效性区间RMl51-RM8083同时控制剑叶长、剑叶宽、剑叶面积、二次枝梗和穗重,该区间QTL解释表型变异的范围为7.28%～37.73%,而且这5个性状间两年均呈极显著相关,表明多效性QTL可能是性状显著相关的遗传基础。
Ideal plant type is one of the physiological bases of high yield potential in crops. Improvement of the plant type may play an important role for super-high yield breeding of rice. In this study, a population consisting of 244 BC_1F_8 lines (backcross recombinant inbred lines) derived from the cross of 9311 and Zhenshan97B, both elite indica hybrid rice parents, were developed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. A genetic linkage map was constructed using this population, and phenotypic data of eight plant type traits such as flag leaf length, distance between flag leaf and second-leaf, panicle exsertion and five panicle traits such as panicle weight in this population were collected from two year trials. The main results of the QTL mapping are as follows:
1. Two hundred forty-four lines of the BRILs (backcross recombinant inbred lines) were analyzed by 122 SSR (simple sequence repeat) and 2 InDel (insert-deletion marker) to construct a genetic linkage map, which covers a total of l,349.3cM with an average interval of 10.9cM between adjacent loci. Among the 124 marker loci, the allele frequency at 87 loci is according with the ratio of 1:3, meanwhile, the allele frequency of 37 loci (29.8%) are significantly skewed from the ratio as tested by Chi-square (p<0.05). Moreover, there are obvious hot chromosomal spots of the distorted segregation loci, which distribute on all of the 12 chromosome excluding chromosome 5 and 9, and 16 of the loci distort to zhenshan97B, only one of them distorts to the parent 9311.
2. Coefficients of pairwise correlations between 8 plant type traits (PH、FW、FL、FS、FA、FD、PL、PNL) and panicle weight (PW) are highly significant excluding FA; There are also significant correlations within the plant type traits and the panicle traits, which suggest that improvement of the plant type traits may be a good way to increase yield potential in rice.
3. Sixty two QTLs for the eight plant type traits are detected (LOD>2.4) in the two year trials, and distribute mainly on the chromosome 1、3、7、8、11. Among of the QTLs, qFS-1a for flag leaf area has the largest effect with the explained phenotypic variation of 37.73% in Hainan and 26.62% in Wuhan, and the allele from Zhenshan97B can reduce the flag leaf area about 5.60cm and 9.20cm in Hainan and Wuhan respectively.
4. Thirty four QTLs for panicle traits (PBN、SBN、GL、GW、PW) are identified, and mapped on almost all the chromosomes except of chromosome 9. The qGW-5 for grain width has the largest phenotypic variation with 65.37% in Hainan and 56.90% in Wuhan, and the allele from 9311 reduces the grain width about 0.2cm in Hainan and Wuhan trials.
5. Eighteen pleiotropic or overlapping QTLs regions in the 12 chromosomes are also observed, of which 12 affected the plant type traits and the panicle traits simultaneously, 4 QTL regions each involve the different panicle traits, and 2 pleiotropic QTLs regions affected the different plant type traits. For instance, the marker interval RM151-RM8083 on chromosome 1 controlling simultaneously the five traits (FL、FW、FS、SBN and PW), and the range of the explained phenotypic variation is 7.28% to 37.73%. The results are consistent with the highly significant correlations among the five traits, suggesting that the pleiotropic QTLs should be the genetic basis of the significant correlation of the investigated traits.
引文
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