旅游环境承载力动态测评及管理研究
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摘要
旅游业的迅猛发展及其对自然、经济、社会环境系统产生的深刻影响,使得旅游环境承载力问题成为旅游研究的焦点之一。作为描述自然、经济、社会环境系统能够承受旅游活动强度的量值,旅游环境承载力既是旅游开发规划与管理的重要工具,又是判断旅游业可持续发展与否的重要指标。因此,开展旅游环境承载力动态测评及管理研究,不仅可以丰富旅游学的学科体系,完善旅游环境承载力理论和研究方法,而且可以为旅游资源开发和环境保护提供决策依据,促进旅游业的可持续发展。
在对国内外旅游环境承载力的研究成果进行系统综述的基础上,本研究采用静态分析与动态分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,以旅游环境承载力的相关基础理论为指导,创造性地提出了在管理目标约束下全新的旅游环境承载力概念体系,从环境系统背景出发,设计出能反映旅游环境承载力内涵的测评指标体系和动态测量模型;考虑季节或时间因素对旅游环境承载力的影响,首次采用动态改进层次分析法确定各分量指标的权重,使旅游环境承载力的测评更加科学合理;以资源代际配置模型在生产配置理论的基础上引入时间变量、资源与环境变量,尝试性地构建了旅游资源可持续利用的承载力优化配置模型;突破传统的主要从旅游供给的角度分析旅游环境承载力的研究思路,从旅游供给和需求两个方面对旅游环境承载力的利用状态进行了动态分析,运用动向外推法对旅游环境承载量进行了预测,利用旅游环境承载率这座“桥”将旅游环境承载力(旅游供给)和旅游环境承载量(旅游需求)有机地结合起来,为旅游环境承载力预警系统的建立打下了坚实的基础;通过旅游环境承载力理论体系的开创性构建,并以此为依据创建性地提出了旅游环境承载力的调控管理机制,为旅游环境承载力的拓展、控制旅游活动对环境系统的负面影响提供了明确的思路和有力的理论指导。
最后,本着充实旅游环境承载力理论在实践中的应用方法和途径的目的,以秦皇岛南戴河国际娱乐中心景区为例,对该景区旅游环境承载力存在的问题进行了分析,结合该景区旅游环境系统的特征,对其旅游环境承载力进行了动态测评,确定了该景区旅游环境承载力的主要限制指标;通过对南戴河国际娱乐中心景区旅游环境承载量和承载率的动态分析,有针对性地提出了提升该景区旅游环境承载力的管理措施。
The swift and violent development of tourism, as well as its profound influence on nature, economy, social environment system makes the problem of tourism environment carrying capacity (TECC) become one the cruxes of tourism research. As a measure describing the threshold of nature, economy and social environment system supporting the tourist activities, TECC is both an important instrument of tourism planning, tourism development and management, and a significant indicator to judge whether tourism is sustainable developed or not. Therefore, carrying out TECC dynamic test and appraisal and management study, can not only enrich the system of tourism and improve the TECC theory and research method, but also provide a decision basis for tourism resources development and environment protection, and promote the sustainable development of tourism.
On the base of systematically summarizing the achievement of domestic and foreign research on TECC, this study adopts method combining static with dynamic analysis, qualitative with quantitative analysis and theoretical with authentic analysis. Taking relevant basic theory of TECC as guidance, it originally presents the brand-new concept system of TECC, within the bound of management target. Proceeding from the background of environment system, it designs test and appraisal indicator system and dynamic measuring model which can reflect the connotation of TECC. Considering the influence of season and time factors on TECC, it initially uses analysis of dynamic improving hierarchical process to define the weight of each limited indicators, making the test and appraisal of TECC more scientifically and reasonably. Basing on the producing distribution theory of resource distributing model from generation to generation that drawing into the math of time, resource and environment, it establishes the TECC optimization distribution model to the sustainable use of tourism resource. Surmounting the traditional train of studying thoughts which analyzes TECC mainly from the angle of tourism supply, it dynamically analyzes the applying situation of TECC from both aspects of tourism supply and demand. It utilizes pulse extrapolation approach to make a projection of TECC. And it uses the bridge of tourism environment carrying rate (TECR) to organically combine TECC (tourism supply) with tourism environment carrying quantity(tourism demand), and lay a solid foundation for the establishment of TECC’s early warning system. On the ground of the initial construction of TECC theory system, this study creatively puts forward TECC management mechanism, offering explicit thinking and strong theoretic guidance for the spread of TECC and the controlling the negative effect of tourist activities on environment system.
Finally, in the light of enriching the approaches and channels applying TECC theory to practice, the study cites Nandaihe international amusement centre spot as an example. It analyzes the spot’s present problems of TECC, dynamically tests and appraises its TECC combined with the characteristic of its tourism environment system, and determines its essential restricting indicators of TECC. Through the dynamic analysis of tourism environment carrying quantity and carrying rate of Nandaihe international amusement centre spot, the study proposes pertinently some management steps to improve this spot’s TECC.
在对国内外旅游环境承载力的研究成果进行系统综述的基础上,本研究采用静态分析与动态分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,以旅游环境承载力的相关基础理论为指导,创造性地提出了在管理目标约束下全新的旅游环境承载力概念体系,从环境系统背景出发,设计出能反映旅游环境承载力内涵的测评指标体系和动态测量模型;考虑季节或时间因素对旅游环境承载力的影响,首次采用动态改进层次分析法确定各分量指标的权重,使旅游环境承载力的测评更加科学合理;以资源代际配置模型在生产配置理论的基础上引入时间变量、资源与环境变量,尝试性地构建了旅游资源可持续利用的承载力优化配置模型;突破传统的主要从旅游供给的角度分析旅游环境承载力的研究思路,从旅游供给和需求两个方面对旅游环境承载力的利用状态进行了动态分析,运用动向外推法对旅游环境承载量进行了预测,利用旅游环境承载率这座“桥”将旅游环境承载力(旅游供给)和旅游环境承载量(旅游需求)有机地结合起来,为旅游环境承载力预警系统的建立打下了坚实的基础;通过旅游环境承载力理论体系的开创性构建,并以此为依据创建性地提出了旅游环境承载力的调控管理机制,为旅游环境承载力的拓展、控制旅游活动对环境系统的负面影响提供了明确的思路和有力的理论指导。
最后,本着充实旅游环境承载力理论在实践中的应用方法和途径的目的,以秦皇岛南戴河国际娱乐中心景区为例,对该景区旅游环境承载力存在的问题进行了分析,结合该景区旅游环境系统的特征,对其旅游环境承载力进行了动态测评,确定了该景区旅游环境承载力的主要限制指标;通过对南戴河国际娱乐中心景区旅游环境承载量和承载率的动态分析,有针对性地提出了提升该景区旅游环境承载力的管理措施。
The swift and violent development of tourism, as well as its profound influence on nature, economy, social environment system makes the problem of tourism environment carrying capacity (TECC) become one the cruxes of tourism research. As a measure describing the threshold of nature, economy and social environment system supporting the tourist activities, TECC is both an important instrument of tourism planning, tourism development and management, and a significant indicator to judge whether tourism is sustainable developed or not. Therefore, carrying out TECC dynamic test and appraisal and management study, can not only enrich the system of tourism and improve the TECC theory and research method, but also provide a decision basis for tourism resources development and environment protection, and promote the sustainable development of tourism.
On the base of systematically summarizing the achievement of domestic and foreign research on TECC, this study adopts method combining static with dynamic analysis, qualitative with quantitative analysis and theoretical with authentic analysis. Taking relevant basic theory of TECC as guidance, it originally presents the brand-new concept system of TECC, within the bound of management target. Proceeding from the background of environment system, it designs test and appraisal indicator system and dynamic measuring model which can reflect the connotation of TECC. Considering the influence of season and time factors on TECC, it initially uses analysis of dynamic improving hierarchical process to define the weight of each limited indicators, making the test and appraisal of TECC more scientifically and reasonably. Basing on the producing distribution theory of resource distributing model from generation to generation that drawing into the math of time, resource and environment, it establishes the TECC optimization distribution model to the sustainable use of tourism resource. Surmounting the traditional train of studying thoughts which analyzes TECC mainly from the angle of tourism supply, it dynamically analyzes the applying situation of TECC from both aspects of tourism supply and demand. It utilizes pulse extrapolation approach to make a projection of TECC. And it uses the bridge of tourism environment carrying rate (TECR) to organically combine TECC (tourism supply) with tourism environment carrying quantity(tourism demand), and lay a solid foundation for the establishment of TECC’s early warning system. On the ground of the initial construction of TECC theory system, this study creatively puts forward TECC management mechanism, offering explicit thinking and strong theoretic guidance for the spread of TECC and the controlling the negative effect of tourist activities on environment system.
Finally, in the light of enriching the approaches and channels applying TECC theory to practice, the study cites Nandaihe international amusement centre spot as an example. It analyzes the spot’s present problems of TECC, dynamically tests and appraises its TECC combined with the characteristic of its tourism environment system, and determines its essential restricting indicators of TECC. Through the dynamic analysis of tourism environment carrying quantity and carrying rate of Nandaihe international amusement centre spot, the study proposes pertinently some management steps to improve this spot’s TECC.
引文
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