土地整理的区域生态环境影响及其综合效益评价研究
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摘要
我国土地利用目前正面临人口增长和经济建设的双重压力,开展土地整理是协调人地关系的一个重要途径。进行土地整理的区域生态环境影响及其综合效益研究,对于丰富土地整理理论,规范与指导土地整理的实践活动具有重要意义。本文通过对这一领域进行深入、系统的研究,尝试构建了生态环境状况指数(EI),对土地整理造成的区域生态环境效应进行分析,在此基础上对土地整理的综合效益进行深入研究,从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益三个方面入手,建立起一套科学、系统、实用的项目区土地整理综合效益评价指标体系,并应用于具体的土地整理项目进行实践检验,取得了较好的效果,从而为更加合理地评判土地整理工作的成效提供了科学依据。
土地整理对区域生态环境的影响主要体现在对水资源、植被、土壤、气候、景观组分、社会生态环境等土地生态系统组成要素的影响上。本文所进行的土地整理区域生态环境影响研究主要是围绕土地整理实施后所引起的生态环境效应而展开的。它以生态学理论为基础,根据选定的指标体系,在特定的时间和空间范围内,从生态系统层次上,运用综合评价的方法评定土地整理实施后带来的生态环境的性质及状态变化的结果。在土地整理区域生态环境效应评价中,建立起由生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地侵蚀指数、土地适宜性指数组成的评价指标体系,并构建了生态环境状况指数(EI)模型,通过计算土地整理项目实施前后的EI进行比较分析。以宁阳县作为研究试验地点,通过进行遥感土地利用分类和土地适宜性评价,提取出土地利用类型和土地适宜性程度的相关数据,计算出宁阳县1987年和2005年的EI指数分别为53.06和66.22,变化值为13.16,实际评价了宁阳县土地整理生态环境效应等级为显著变好,取得了理想的结果。
项目区土地整理综合效益评价主要从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益三个大的方面进行,采用定性描述和定量分析相结合的方法。其中,经济效益分析是衡量土地开发整理投资收益的重要指标,其主要内容是土地开发整理的投入量与产出量分析,具体包括耕地面积增加率等8项评价指标;社会效益分析是衡量社会可持续发展的重要指标,其主要内容是土地整理项目的建设和运营对社会产生的影响及带来的效益,具体包括单位面积土地承载力增加率等6项评价指标;生态效益分析是衡量土地可持续利用的重要指标,其主要内容是评估土地开发整理实施后在优化生态结构、改善生态环境方面所取得的效益,具体包括绿色植被覆盖率增加值等8项评价指标。在此基础上,运用层次分析法确定出各评价指标的权重,并制定出相应的评价标准,从而建立起一套科学、系统、实用的评价指标体系。选取宁阳县三个土地整理项目作为研究对象,将建立的项目区土地整理综合效益评价指标体系进行应用检验,找出其在经济效益、社会效益、生态效益方面取得的成果,全面系统地评价了各项目区的综合效益,取得了较好的效果。
土地整理本身是一项系统、复杂的工作,涉及到广泛的内容。本研究通过将所建立的土地整理区域生态环境效应及综合效益评价指标体系和评价方法应用于宁阳县土地整理项目的实践,可以看出本研究所建立的评价指标体系基本能够涵盖当前土地整理工作所涉及的各项内容,采用的方法科学合理,具有较强的可行性和较高的可信度。本研究对于全面系统地分析土地整理的区域生态环境影响、保护区域生态系统及其生态环境平衡、合理评判土地整理工作的成效、实现土地资源的可持续利用具有积极意义。
The use of the land in our country is under the pressure of the increase of population and the economic construction. Land consolidation is an important way of coordinating the relation of the men and the land. Doing research on the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment and evaluation of its comprehensive effects has important meanings on advancing the theory of land consolidation and standardizing and guiding the practice of land consolidation. This article did profound and systematic research on this domain and managed to construct the ecological index to analyze the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment. On this basis, We did profound research on comprehensive effect of land consolidation and established a scientific、systematic and applied index system of land consolidation comprehensive effect evaluation in item area in the aspects of economic、social and ecological effcts. Then we applied it to the specific items in order to check it and got good effect, so that it provided scientific standards for evaluating the effect of land consolidation more reasonably.
The impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment mainly embodies in the aspects of the influence on the land ecological system factors such as water resouce、vegetation、soil、climate、landscape and social ecological environment.This research mainly focused on the effect of ecological environment after land consolidation. It evaluated the variational result of ecological environment property and state caused by land consolidation on the basis of ecological theories, according to the selected index system, in the paticular scope of time and area, from the ecological system level and by means of integrated evaluation. We established the evaluation index system which is composed of biology abundance index、vegetation cover index、water web density index、land erosion index、land fitness index and constructed the model of ecological index to compare and analyze it by reckoning the value before and after land consolidation. We selected Ningyang county as research object and extracted the relative data of land use type and land fitness degree by land use classification based on RS and land fitness evaluation. Then we reckoned the EI value of Ningyang county, which are 53.06 in 1987 and 66.22 in 2005, and calculated the variational value is 13.16. The effect degree of land consolidation on ecological environment in Ningyang county is remarkably improven. The result of application are ideal.
The evaluation of land consolidation comprehensive effect in item area is mainly in the aspects of economic、social、ecological effects and the evaluation means is combination of qualitative description and quantitive analysis. Thereinto, the economic effect analysis is important indexes to weigh the effect of land exploitation and consolidation investment. Its main contents are the analysis of land exploitation and consolidation input and output, which includes 8 indexes, such as increased rate of farmland area; The social effect analysis is important indexes to weigh the society persistent development. Its main contents are the social impact and effect caused by construction and operation of land consolidation item, which includes 6 indexes, such as increased rate of unit land carrying capacity; The ecological effect analysis is to weigh the continual use of the land. Its main contents are evaluating the effects of land consolidation on optimizing ecological structure and improving the ecological environment, which includes 8 indexes, such as increased percentage of the green vegetation coverage. On this basis, we reckoned the preemptive priorities of each index based on AHP and set down the relevant standard of score, so that a scientific、systematic and applied evaluation index system was established. We selected 3 land consolidation items in Ningyang county as research objects and applied the established evaluation index system to these items in order to check it. Then we found the results in the aspects of economic、social、ecological effect and evaluated comprehensive effects of each item in the round and systematically. The result of application are good.
Land consolidation itself is an item of systematic and complicated work, which involves comprehensive contents. By applying the established evaluation index system and methods to the land consolidation item practice in Ningyang county, we can discern that the established evaluation index system in our research could basically include current various content of land consolidation and the adopted methods were very scientific and resonable. So it had stong feasibility and high credibility. This research has positive significance on analyzing the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment in the round and systematically、protecting regional ecological system and its balance、evaluating the effects of land consolidation reasonably and achieving the persistent use of land resource.
土地整理对区域生态环境的影响主要体现在对水资源、植被、土壤、气候、景观组分、社会生态环境等土地生态系统组成要素的影响上。本文所进行的土地整理区域生态环境影响研究主要是围绕土地整理实施后所引起的生态环境效应而展开的。它以生态学理论为基础,根据选定的指标体系,在特定的时间和空间范围内,从生态系统层次上,运用综合评价的方法评定土地整理实施后带来的生态环境的性质及状态变化的结果。在土地整理区域生态环境效应评价中,建立起由生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地侵蚀指数、土地适宜性指数组成的评价指标体系,并构建了生态环境状况指数(EI)模型,通过计算土地整理项目实施前后的EI进行比较分析。以宁阳县作为研究试验地点,通过进行遥感土地利用分类和土地适宜性评价,提取出土地利用类型和土地适宜性程度的相关数据,计算出宁阳县1987年和2005年的EI指数分别为53.06和66.22,变化值为13.16,实际评价了宁阳县土地整理生态环境效应等级为显著变好,取得了理想的结果。
项目区土地整理综合效益评价主要从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益三个大的方面进行,采用定性描述和定量分析相结合的方法。其中,经济效益分析是衡量土地开发整理投资收益的重要指标,其主要内容是土地开发整理的投入量与产出量分析,具体包括耕地面积增加率等8项评价指标;社会效益分析是衡量社会可持续发展的重要指标,其主要内容是土地整理项目的建设和运营对社会产生的影响及带来的效益,具体包括单位面积土地承载力增加率等6项评价指标;生态效益分析是衡量土地可持续利用的重要指标,其主要内容是评估土地开发整理实施后在优化生态结构、改善生态环境方面所取得的效益,具体包括绿色植被覆盖率增加值等8项评价指标。在此基础上,运用层次分析法确定出各评价指标的权重,并制定出相应的评价标准,从而建立起一套科学、系统、实用的评价指标体系。选取宁阳县三个土地整理项目作为研究对象,将建立的项目区土地整理综合效益评价指标体系进行应用检验,找出其在经济效益、社会效益、生态效益方面取得的成果,全面系统地评价了各项目区的综合效益,取得了较好的效果。
土地整理本身是一项系统、复杂的工作,涉及到广泛的内容。本研究通过将所建立的土地整理区域生态环境效应及综合效益评价指标体系和评价方法应用于宁阳县土地整理项目的实践,可以看出本研究所建立的评价指标体系基本能够涵盖当前土地整理工作所涉及的各项内容,采用的方法科学合理,具有较强的可行性和较高的可信度。本研究对于全面系统地分析土地整理的区域生态环境影响、保护区域生态系统及其生态环境平衡、合理评判土地整理工作的成效、实现土地资源的可持续利用具有积极意义。
The use of the land in our country is under the pressure of the increase of population and the economic construction. Land consolidation is an important way of coordinating the relation of the men and the land. Doing research on the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment and evaluation of its comprehensive effects has important meanings on advancing the theory of land consolidation and standardizing and guiding the practice of land consolidation. This article did profound and systematic research on this domain and managed to construct the ecological index to analyze the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment. On this basis, We did profound research on comprehensive effect of land consolidation and established a scientific、systematic and applied index system of land consolidation comprehensive effect evaluation in item area in the aspects of economic、social and ecological effcts. Then we applied it to the specific items in order to check it and got good effect, so that it provided scientific standards for evaluating the effect of land consolidation more reasonably.
The impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment mainly embodies in the aspects of the influence on the land ecological system factors such as water resouce、vegetation、soil、climate、landscape and social ecological environment.This research mainly focused on the effect of ecological environment after land consolidation. It evaluated the variational result of ecological environment property and state caused by land consolidation on the basis of ecological theories, according to the selected index system, in the paticular scope of time and area, from the ecological system level and by means of integrated evaluation. We established the evaluation index system which is composed of biology abundance index、vegetation cover index、water web density index、land erosion index、land fitness index and constructed the model of ecological index to compare and analyze it by reckoning the value before and after land consolidation. We selected Ningyang county as research object and extracted the relative data of land use type and land fitness degree by land use classification based on RS and land fitness evaluation. Then we reckoned the EI value of Ningyang county, which are 53.06 in 1987 and 66.22 in 2005, and calculated the variational value is 13.16. The effect degree of land consolidation on ecological environment in Ningyang county is remarkably improven. The result of application are ideal.
The evaluation of land consolidation comprehensive effect in item area is mainly in the aspects of economic、social、ecological effects and the evaluation means is combination of qualitative description and quantitive analysis. Thereinto, the economic effect analysis is important indexes to weigh the effect of land exploitation and consolidation investment. Its main contents are the analysis of land exploitation and consolidation input and output, which includes 8 indexes, such as increased rate of farmland area; The social effect analysis is important indexes to weigh the society persistent development. Its main contents are the social impact and effect caused by construction and operation of land consolidation item, which includes 6 indexes, such as increased rate of unit land carrying capacity; The ecological effect analysis is to weigh the continual use of the land. Its main contents are evaluating the effects of land consolidation on optimizing ecological structure and improving the ecological environment, which includes 8 indexes, such as increased percentage of the green vegetation coverage. On this basis, we reckoned the preemptive priorities of each index based on AHP and set down the relevant standard of score, so that a scientific、systematic and applied evaluation index system was established. We selected 3 land consolidation items in Ningyang county as research objects and applied the established evaluation index system to these items in order to check it. Then we found the results in the aspects of economic、social、ecological effect and evaluated comprehensive effects of each item in the round and systematically. The result of application are good.
Land consolidation itself is an item of systematic and complicated work, which involves comprehensive contents. By applying the established evaluation index system and methods to the land consolidation item practice in Ningyang county, we can discern that the established evaluation index system in our research could basically include current various content of land consolidation and the adopted methods were very scientific and resonable. So it had stong feasibility and high credibility. This research has positive significance on analyzing the impact of land consolidation on regional ecological environment in the round and systematically、protecting regional ecological system and its balance、evaluating the effects of land consolidation reasonably and achieving the persistent use of land resource.
引文
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