“企业孵化器建筑”设计研究初探
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摘要
“企业孵化器建筑”是在我国改革开放以后，各地出台了一系列扶植高科技小企业发展政策的历史背景下出现的新建筑类型，对其的系统研究国内目前尚处在初级阶段。甚至许多建筑师和开发商至今不清楚“企业孵化器”和“企业孵化器建筑”是两个不同的概念，也没有对在孵企业的性质、规模、专业特点及运行机制进行深入的分析，并提出具有针对性的行之有效的方法去设计和开发建设，以致许多已建成的并冠以“企业孵化器”名称的建筑并不能真正有效地发挥孵化功能，造成一定意义上的浪费和闲置。
论文首先就“企业孵化器”的定义和名称产生由来进行阐述，进而对其和高科技产业的关系及自身优势与劣势作了分析，叙述了“企业孵化器”目前国内外发展的现状，总结了其基本功能作用、目标和成效标准，为后文叙述作了铺垫。
论文接着对“企业孵化器建筑”进行界定，归纳其常见形态，详细分析了影响“企业孵化器建筑”设计和建设的内在原因，对常见“企业孵化器建筑”的研发办公区、中试实验区以及信息支持系统的设计内容进行分析和初步总结，对其建筑造型和环境景观设计提出了看法，并结合部分实例以便读者形成直观印象，最后提出了设计“企业孵化器建筑”的原则和途径。
Building as the enterprise Incubator is a new type building emerging on the historical background of reform and opening, and locality have promulgated a series of policy to prop up small high-tech businesses. The systematic research on it lies in a primary phase in our country. Even now, many architects and investors do not know that enterprise incubator and building as the enterprise incubator are two different concepts. They also have not analyzed the character, scale, specialty characteristic and operation mechanism of those incubated enterprises, and put forward any effective and proper process to guide architectural design or constructioa This situation leads to the phenomenon that so many building named enterprise incubator architecture cannot play a big role in propping up small high-tech businesses, and been left unused.
The article elaborates the definition of enterprise incubator and the derivation firstly, analyses the relationship of enterprise incubator and high-tech industry, point out the dominant position and inferior position of it Secondly, the article recounts the developing present situation of enterprise Incubator, sums up the basic function, aim and standard of effects. All of these lay a foundation for next part of the papers.
In the next part, the article defines building as the enterprise incubator, makes an induction of common formation, and minutely analyses the internal factors, which affect design and constructioa According to these, Ihe article sums up design content of office region, experiment region and information sustainment-system, then, gives a piece of option on building modeling design and landscape design. In the end, the paper brings forward some design principle and method through analyzing cases.
论文首先就“企业孵化器”的定义和名称产生由来进行阐述，进而对其和高科技产业的关系及自身优势与劣势作了分析，叙述了“企业孵化器”目前国内外发展的现状，总结了其基本功能作用、目标和成效标准，为后文叙述作了铺垫。
论文接着对“企业孵化器建筑”进行界定，归纳其常见形态，详细分析了影响“企业孵化器建筑”设计和建设的内在原因，对常见“企业孵化器建筑”的研发办公区、中试实验区以及信息支持系统的设计内容进行分析和初步总结，对其建筑造型和环境景观设计提出了看法，并结合部分实例以便读者形成直观印象，最后提出了设计“企业孵化器建筑”的原则和途径。
Building as the enterprise Incubator is a new type building emerging on the historical background of reform and opening, and locality have promulgated a series of policy to prop up small high-tech businesses. The systematic research on it lies in a primary phase in our country. Even now, many architects and investors do not know that enterprise incubator and building as the enterprise incubator are two different concepts. They also have not analyzed the character, scale, specialty characteristic and operation mechanism of those incubated enterprises, and put forward any effective and proper process to guide architectural design or constructioa This situation leads to the phenomenon that so many building named enterprise incubator architecture cannot play a big role in propping up small high-tech businesses, and been left unused.
The article elaborates the definition of enterprise incubator and the derivation firstly, analyses the relationship of enterprise incubator and high-tech industry, point out the dominant position and inferior position of it Secondly, the article recounts the developing present situation of enterprise Incubator, sums up the basic function, aim and standard of effects. All of these lay a foundation for next part of the papers.
In the next part, the article defines building as the enterprise incubator, makes an induction of common formation, and minutely analyses the internal factors, which affect design and constructioa According to these, Ihe article sums up design content of office region, experiment region and information sustainment-system, then, gives a piece of option on building modeling design and landscape design. In the end, the paper brings forward some design principle and method through analyzing cases.
引文
[1][美]洛斯顿·拉卡卡，杰克·比索波．经济发展中的企业孵化器．天津科技翻译出版公司，1997
[2]欧廷高．创业的家园—中国高科技企业孵化器．北京邮电大学出版社，2000．p92～94．
[3][美]马克·P·雷斯，B·马修斯．成功企业孵化器的原则与实践．西北大学出版社，1997
[4]顾朝林，赵令勋等．中国高新技术产业与园区．中信出版社，1998
[5]张永年．探索中国高新技术企业孵化器的发展道路．高科技与产业化，1997．4
[6]张超英，梁肃等．中国企业孵化器的管理与发展．中国科技产业，1994．9
[7]于雪鹰．企业孵化器对科技园区发展的作用．中国科技信息，1998．24，1998．24
[8]刘敏，刘蓉．科技工业园区的新发展—软件园及其规划建设．中国建筑工业出版社，2003
[9]国家科委．国家高新技术产业开发区高新技术企业认定条件和办法．中国科技产业，1991．3
[10]James W. Botkin et al. Global Stakes, the Future of High Technology:. The Case of Silicon Valley. Boston: Northeastem University Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of Education. P 15.
[11]Nicholas. Negroponte. Bing Digital. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. through Bardon,[中译本]胡泳，范海燕译．数字化生存．海南出版社出版，1995
[12]Bill.Gates. Business The Speed of Though t——Using a Digital Nervous System. New York: WamerBooks, Inc, 1999.[中译本]蒋显憬，姜明译．未来时速．北京大学出版社，1999
[13]阿尔文·托夫勒．第三次浪潮．北京三联书店，1982
[14]Norman Forster. Norman Forster Architect. New York: Rizzoli. 1999
[15]Richard. Mrier. Richard. Miler Architect. New York: Rizzoli. 1998
[16]黄良雪．苏州工业园区借鉴新加坡规划建设经验的实践．城市规划汇刊，1999．3
[17]Walliams. The Best of Science, Office and Business Park Design. New York: Rizzoli. 1998
[18]Kenneth. Powell, Denny Hemming, Tony Sedden. New way of working——The design logic of the New Office, Conran Octopus limited , 1997
[19]杨治．软件产业导论中国人民大学出版社，1995．P98
[20]Coover, Don. Connectivity Choice for the Building Controls Industry. In: Bemaden,1989. p82
[21]李国有．略述硅谷成功的主要原因．国内外科技体制改革，1998
[22]张端武．智能建筑．清华大学出版社，1996．8．P290～291
[23]Davis. Collin. High Tech Architecture, London: Thams and Hudson, 1988. P17～18
[24]O. Rlewoldt, Intelligent. Spaces Architecture for the Information Age. London: Calmann & King Ltd．[中译本]李斯平，梁瑞清译．智能空间——信息时代的蒯匕京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999．P1～2
[25]Adam．Smith．Spirit of Sillicon Valley．[中译本]孟胜德译．高技术密集区资料汇编—硅谷精神．中国展望出版社，1986．P40～4
[26]Robert. Howard. Second Class in Silicon Valley. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981
[27]Everett. M. Rogers and Judith Larsen. Silicon Valley Fever—Growth Of High-Technology Culture. NewYork: Basic Books, 1984. P136～147
[28]中国利技统计网 WWW.STS.ORG.CN
[29]土人景观网 WWW.TURENSCAPE.COM
[30]Francis Duffy. The Change in Office Design. AJ: 1995.8. P29～29
[31]Croom Halm. The Development of High Technology Industries. An International Survey, New York: Basic Book,1990. P205～208
[32]美国国家企业孵化器协会网址：WWW.NVIA.ORG
[33]项秉仁．F·L·赖特．中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[33]Fmcis Duffy. The Change in Otiice Design, AJ, 1995
[34]俞孔坚等．高科技园区景观设计，中国建筑工业出版，2001
[35]李风．工业建筑，武汉工业大学出版社，2002
[36]李玉堂．功能、生态、形象建筑学报2001．2
[37]俞孔坚，张东等．生命细胞、景观格局与创新网络．城市规划，2001．5
[38]柳文汇．高利技园区的规划方法初探——以中关村西区修建性详细规划为例．世界建筑，2001．8
[39]哈姆创业中心，德国．世界建筑，2000．7
[2]欧廷高．创业的家园—中国高科技企业孵化器．北京邮电大学出版社，2000．p92～94．
[3][美]马克·P·雷斯，B·马修斯．成功企业孵化器的原则与实践．西北大学出版社，1997
[4]顾朝林，赵令勋等．中国高新技术产业与园区．中信出版社，1998
[5]张永年．探索中国高新技术企业孵化器的发展道路．高科技与产业化，1997．4
[6]张超英，梁肃等．中国企业孵化器的管理与发展．中国科技产业，1994．9
[7]于雪鹰．企业孵化器对科技园区发展的作用．中国科技信息，1998．24，1998．24
[8]刘敏，刘蓉．科技工业园区的新发展—软件园及其规划建设．中国建筑工业出版社，2003
[9]国家科委．国家高新技术产业开发区高新技术企业认定条件和办法．中国科技产业，1991．3
[10]James W. Botkin et al. Global Stakes, the Future of High Technology:. The Case of Silicon Valley. Boston: Northeastem University Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of Education. P 15.
[11]Nicholas. Negroponte. Bing Digital. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. through Bardon,[中译本]胡泳，范海燕译．数字化生存．海南出版社出版，1995
[12]Bill.Gates. Business The Speed of Though t——Using a Digital Nervous System. New York: WamerBooks, Inc, 1999.[中译本]蒋显憬，姜明译．未来时速．北京大学出版社，1999
[13]阿尔文·托夫勒．第三次浪潮．北京三联书店，1982
[14]Norman Forster. Norman Forster Architect. New York: Rizzoli. 1999
[15]Richard. Mrier. Richard. Miler Architect. New York: Rizzoli. 1998
[16]黄良雪．苏州工业园区借鉴新加坡规划建设经验的实践．城市规划汇刊，1999．3
[17]Walliams. The Best of Science, Office and Business Park Design. New York: Rizzoli. 1998
[18]Kenneth. Powell, Denny Hemming, Tony Sedden. New way of working——The design logic of the New Office, Conran Octopus limited , 1997
[19]杨治．软件产业导论中国人民大学出版社，1995．P98
[20]Coover, Don. Connectivity Choice for the Building Controls Industry. In: Bemaden,1989. p82
[21]李国有．略述硅谷成功的主要原因．国内外科技体制改革，1998
[22]张端武．智能建筑．清华大学出版社，1996．8．P290～291
[23]Davis. Collin. High Tech Architecture, London: Thams and Hudson, 1988. P17～18
[24]O. Rlewoldt, Intelligent. Spaces Architecture for the Information Age. London: Calmann & King Ltd．[中译本]李斯平，梁瑞清译．智能空间——信息时代的蒯匕京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999．P1～2
[25]Adam．Smith．Spirit of Sillicon Valley．[中译本]孟胜德译．高技术密集区资料汇编—硅谷精神．中国展望出版社，1986．P40～4
[26]Robert. Howard. Second Class in Silicon Valley. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981
[27]Everett. M. Rogers and Judith Larsen. Silicon Valley Fever—Growth Of High-Technology Culture. NewYork: Basic Books, 1984. P136～147
[28]中国利技统计网 WWW.STS.ORG.CN
[29]土人景观网 WWW.TURENSCAPE.COM
[30]Francis Duffy. The Change in Office Design. AJ: 1995.8. P29～29
[31]Croom Halm. The Development of High Technology Industries. An International Survey, New York: Basic Book,1990. P205～208
[32]美国国家企业孵化器协会网址：WWW.NVIA.ORG
[33]项秉仁．F·L·赖特．中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[33]Fmcis Duffy. The Change in Otiice Design, AJ, 1995
[34]俞孔坚等．高科技园区景观设计，中国建筑工业出版，2001
[35]李风．工业建筑，武汉工业大学出版社，2002
[36]李玉堂．功能、生态、形象建筑学报2001．2
[37]俞孔坚，张东等．生命细胞、景观格局与创新网络．城市规划，2001．5
[38]柳文汇．高利技园区的规划方法初探——以中关村西区修建性详细规划为例．世界建筑，2001．8
[39]哈姆创业中心，德国．世界建筑，2000．7