不同环境条件下雏鸡啄羽行为发育的研究
|
摘要
啄羽是禽类啄击和拔出同伴的羽毛的一种非争斗性的异常行为。人们发现许多禽类动物身上都表现出这种行为。啄羽行为会逐渐发展成为啄羽癖,鸡群一旦出现啄癖就很快蔓延全群,严重时的患病率可达80%以上,死亡率约50%。
目前对影响蛋鸡啄羽行为的营养不足、饲养管理不善、应激因素研究比较全面和充分,但是影响行为的环境因素研究较少。
本研究从行为学角度出发,为掌握沙浴环境与贫瘠环境、不同的颜色、雏鸡间的互动性、不同时间的外界刺激对雏鸡行为的影响,本研究以雏鸡为试材,研究了早期环境印记敏感期和环境特征对印记效果的影响、不同时间的颜色刺激对雏鸡啄羽行为发育的影响、鸡群的互动性对啄羽行为发育的影响。
三个试验分别选用了不同数目的海蓝白蛋雏鸡,常规饲养,自由采食,全价饲料,每个试验为期14周。
试验一
试验设计试验1采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)及3段早期经验期(0-2周龄、0-4周龄和0-6周龄)的试验设计。
试验结果饲养在贫瘠环境中雏鸡的啄羽表现次数高于饲养在沙浴环境中的雏鸡,但是啄羽相关行为在沙浴环境下出现的次数较高;在沙浴环境中雏鸡还会有啄羽行为的发生,在一定程度上有所减少。在3周龄改变环境的行为变化趋势与更换后的环境中的行为变化趋势相似,饲养环境改变影响显著。在5周龄和7周龄更换环境的变化趋势与原饲养环境中行为的变化趋势相似,饲养环境改变影响不大。
结论①沙浴环境相对于贫瘠环境,在一定的程度上可以减少啄羽行为的表达,但是不能完全抵消。②影响雏鸡啄羽行为的最佳早期环境印记的时间应该为生后的头4周。环境早期印记只能某种程度地修饰雏鸡以后的啄羽行为,但不能根本消除,环境条件对盯物、啄物行为不产生作用。
试验二
试验设计试验2采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)、4个开始外界刺激的时间点(0周龄、3周龄、5周龄和9周龄)及4种颜色(红色、黄色、绿色和蓝色)的试验设计。
试验结果在绿色的刺激下,雏鸡的啄物行为表现得最多,啄羽行为表现最少;蓝色刺激下,雏鸡的啄羽行为、被啄行为、盯物行为的表现次数最多;在红色刺激下,雏鸡的啄羽行为和被啄行为都表现得最少,啄地行为表现最多;黄色刺激对雏鸡的啄羽和与啄羽相关行为的影响效果不显著。随着颜色刺激的时间(0周龄、3周龄、5周龄、9周龄)越晚,啄羽行为、被啄行为、啄地行为的表现次数就会越少,而啄物行为的表现次数就会越多。
结论①绿色刺激和红色刺激均可以通过“转移”的原理减少雏鸡啄羽行为或被啄行为的发生次数,但不能消除啄羽行为的发生;蓝色刺激可以增加雏鸡啄羽行为的发生次数;黄色刺激对雏鸡啄羽行为的影响不显著。②雏鸡的的印记的敏感期的结束时间,应该是在3周龄至5周龄之间的某个时间。
试验三
试验设计试验3采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)及5种群体结构(1只雏鸡、3只雏鸡鸡、5只雏鸡鸡、7只雏鸡、9只雏鸡)的试验设计。
试验结果随着群体中鸡数目的减少、雏鸡数目的增加,雏鸡的啄物行为、啄地行为、盯物行为表现的平均值会随之减少,而雏鸡的啄羽行为表现的平均值却会随之增加;雏鸡采食行为表现的平均值会随之增加。
结论①群体中雏鸡个体增多,会使雏鸡之间的互动性增强,会增加啄羽行为的发生机会和次数。②群体中雏鸡数目在一定范围内的增多,可以增加雏鸡的采食行为的次数,但是不能确定采食量的变化。
The feather-pecking is one kind of non-battle unusual behaviour that the birds strike and pluck companion's feather.The investigation has showed that many birds have this kind of behaviour. Once the feather-pecking addiction appears,it will spread quickly in the entire group.The prevalence rate may reach above 80%and the mortality rate is approximately 50%sometimes.
At present,many researches have been focused on the lack of malnutrition,the bad breeding condition,and stress,but the factor of behaviour that is effected by environment has beeen rarely known.
From the point of view of behaviour,in order to investigate the effect of sandy condition and barren condition,different colors,the interactition between the chicks and the different time's stimulations outside the chick's fether-pecking behaviour,this research took the chicks as the experimental objects and investigation that the effect of the early conditional sensitive time and the condition imprinting characteristic,the effect of color stimulation at different times on the chicks' feather-pecking behaviour and the effect of interaction in the group on the feather-pecking behaviour's development.
Different numerary Hailanbai chicks were selected in the three experiments and each experiment lasted 14 weeks.
Experiments 1
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition) and three sensitive periods of early conditional experience (between 0 to 2 weeks,0 to 4 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks).
Result The feather-pecking times of the chick that raised in the sandy condition is higher than those that raised in the barren condition,but feather-pecking correlative behaviour times were higher in sandy condition.The chick can also have the feather-pecking behaviour in sandy condition,but it's reduced.When breeding condition was changed at the 3rd week,the behaviour change tendency is similar to the tendency in new condition,so the effect of changing breeding condition is remarkable.When breeding condition was changed at the 5th and 7th week,the behaviour change tendency is similar to the tendency in the original condition,so the effect of changing breeding condition is not remarkable.
Conclusion(1) Sandy condition can reduce the feather-pecking behaviour relatively to the barren condition,but cannot change it completely.(2) The most effective imprinting time for feather-pecking behaviour of chicks was the first four weeks after being borned.The environmental conditions seemed not affect the behaviour of object-pecking and staring at object.The results also suggested that the early environmental experience could only modify feather-pecking at older age, but could not completely change it at all.
Experiments 2
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition),four time points to begin color stimulation(0 week age,3 weeks age,5 weeks age,and 9 weeks age),and four colors(red,yellow,blue,and green).
Result Under green stimulating,the chick's object-pecking behaviour is the most,the feather-pecking is the least.Under blue stimulating,the chick's feather-pecking,being pecked behaviour and stating at object behaviour are the most.Under red stimulating,the chick's feather-pecking and being pecked behaviour are the least,the ground-pecking is the most;the yellow stimulating is not remarkable to the chick's feather-pecking and the correlative behaviour. As the time(0 week age,3 weeks age,5 weeks age,9 weeks age) of color stimulating is later,the feather-pecking,being-pecked,ground-pecking behaviour are less,but the object-pecking behaviour is more.
Conclusion(1) green and red stimulating can reduce the feather-pecking or being pecked behaviour by "the shift" principle,but can not eliminate the feather-pecking behaviour.The blue stimulating may increase the feather-pecking behaviour and the yellow stimulating doesn't have obvious effect on feather-pecking behaviour.(2) The imprnting time of young chicken should end some time between 3 week age to 5 week age.
Experiments 3
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition),and five kinds of communities structures(1 young chicken, 3 young chickens,5 young chickens,7 young chickens and 9 young chickens).
Result In the community,with the decreasing number of the other object chicken and the increasing number of chick,the mean of object-pecking,ground-pecking,stating at object reduce, but the feather-pecking behaviour increases.In the experimental group,but the chick's feeding behaviour increases.
Conclusion(1) Increasing the number of young chicken,the chick's interaction may enhance and the occurrence frequency of feather-pecking behaviour is more.(2) In the community, increasing the number of young chicken appropriately may increase the feeding behaviour,but can not determine the change of the foraging quantity.
目前对影响蛋鸡啄羽行为的营养不足、饲养管理不善、应激因素研究比较全面和充分,但是影响行为的环境因素研究较少。
本研究从行为学角度出发,为掌握沙浴环境与贫瘠环境、不同的颜色、雏鸡间的互动性、不同时间的外界刺激对雏鸡行为的影响,本研究以雏鸡为试材,研究了早期环境印记敏感期和环境特征对印记效果的影响、不同时间的颜色刺激对雏鸡啄羽行为发育的影响、鸡群的互动性对啄羽行为发育的影响。
三个试验分别选用了不同数目的海蓝白蛋雏鸡,常规饲养,自由采食,全价饲料,每个试验为期14周。
试验一
试验设计试验1采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)及3段早期经验期(0-2周龄、0-4周龄和0-6周龄)的试验设计。
试验结果饲养在贫瘠环境中雏鸡的啄羽表现次数高于饲养在沙浴环境中的雏鸡,但是啄羽相关行为在沙浴环境下出现的次数较高;在沙浴环境中雏鸡还会有啄羽行为的发生,在一定程度上有所减少。在3周龄改变环境的行为变化趋势与更换后的环境中的行为变化趋势相似,饲养环境改变影响显著。在5周龄和7周龄更换环境的变化趋势与原饲养环境中行为的变化趋势相似,饲养环境改变影响不大。
结论①沙浴环境相对于贫瘠环境,在一定的程度上可以减少啄羽行为的表达,但是不能完全抵消。②影响雏鸡啄羽行为的最佳早期环境印记的时间应该为生后的头4周。环境早期印记只能某种程度地修饰雏鸡以后的啄羽行为,但不能根本消除,环境条件对盯物、啄物行为不产生作用。
试验二
试验设计试验2采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)、4个开始外界刺激的时间点(0周龄、3周龄、5周龄和9周龄)及4种颜色(红色、黄色、绿色和蓝色)的试验设计。
试验结果在绿色的刺激下,雏鸡的啄物行为表现得最多,啄羽行为表现最少;蓝色刺激下,雏鸡的啄羽行为、被啄行为、盯物行为的表现次数最多;在红色刺激下,雏鸡的啄羽行为和被啄行为都表现得最少,啄地行为表现最多;黄色刺激对雏鸡的啄羽和与啄羽相关行为的影响效果不显著。随着颜色刺激的时间(0周龄、3周龄、5周龄、9周龄)越晚,啄羽行为、被啄行为、啄地行为的表现次数就会越少,而啄物行为的表现次数就会越多。
结论①绿色刺激和红色刺激均可以通过“转移”的原理减少雏鸡啄羽行为或被啄行为的发生次数,但不能消除啄羽行为的发生;蓝色刺激可以增加雏鸡啄羽行为的发生次数;黄色刺激对雏鸡啄羽行为的影响不显著。②雏鸡的的印记的敏感期的结束时间,应该是在3周龄至5周龄之间的某个时间。
试验三
试验设计试验3采用2种饲养环境(沙浴环境和贫瘠环境)及5种群体结构(1只雏鸡、3只雏鸡鸡、5只雏鸡鸡、7只雏鸡、9只雏鸡)的试验设计。
试验结果随着群体中鸡数目的减少、雏鸡数目的增加,雏鸡的啄物行为、啄地行为、盯物行为表现的平均值会随之减少,而雏鸡的啄羽行为表现的平均值却会随之增加;雏鸡采食行为表现的平均值会随之增加。
结论①群体中雏鸡个体增多,会使雏鸡之间的互动性增强,会增加啄羽行为的发生机会和次数。②群体中雏鸡数目在一定范围内的增多,可以增加雏鸡的采食行为的次数,但是不能确定采食量的变化。
The feather-pecking is one kind of non-battle unusual behaviour that the birds strike and pluck companion's feather.The investigation has showed that many birds have this kind of behaviour. Once the feather-pecking addiction appears,it will spread quickly in the entire group.The prevalence rate may reach above 80%and the mortality rate is approximately 50%sometimes.
At present,many researches have been focused on the lack of malnutrition,the bad breeding condition,and stress,but the factor of behaviour that is effected by environment has beeen rarely known.
From the point of view of behaviour,in order to investigate the effect of sandy condition and barren condition,different colors,the interactition between the chicks and the different time's stimulations outside the chick's fether-pecking behaviour,this research took the chicks as the experimental objects and investigation that the effect of the early conditional sensitive time and the condition imprinting characteristic,the effect of color stimulation at different times on the chicks' feather-pecking behaviour and the effect of interaction in the group on the feather-pecking behaviour's development.
Different numerary Hailanbai chicks were selected in the three experiments and each experiment lasted 14 weeks.
Experiments 1
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition) and three sensitive periods of early conditional experience (between 0 to 2 weeks,0 to 4 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks).
Result The feather-pecking times of the chick that raised in the sandy condition is higher than those that raised in the barren condition,but feather-pecking correlative behaviour times were higher in sandy condition.The chick can also have the feather-pecking behaviour in sandy condition,but it's reduced.When breeding condition was changed at the 3rd week,the behaviour change tendency is similar to the tendency in new condition,so the effect of changing breeding condition is remarkable.When breeding condition was changed at the 5th and 7th week,the behaviour change tendency is similar to the tendency in the original condition,so the effect of changing breeding condition is not remarkable.
Conclusion(1) Sandy condition can reduce the feather-pecking behaviour relatively to the barren condition,but cannot change it completely.(2) The most effective imprinting time for feather-pecking behaviour of chicks was the first four weeks after being borned.The environmental conditions seemed not affect the behaviour of object-pecking and staring at object.The results also suggested that the early environmental experience could only modify feather-pecking at older age, but could not completely change it at all.
Experiments 2
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition),four time points to begin color stimulation(0 week age,3 weeks age,5 weeks age,and 9 weeks age),and four colors(red,yellow,blue,and green).
Result Under green stimulating,the chick's object-pecking behaviour is the most,the feather-pecking is the least.Under blue stimulating,the chick's feather-pecking,being pecked behaviour and stating at object behaviour are the most.Under red stimulating,the chick's feather-pecking and being pecked behaviour are the least,the ground-pecking is the most;the yellow stimulating is not remarkable to the chick's feather-pecking and the correlative behaviour. As the time(0 week age,3 weeks age,5 weeks age,9 weeks age) of color stimulating is later,the feather-pecking,being-pecked,ground-pecking behaviour are less,but the object-pecking behaviour is more.
Conclusion(1) green and red stimulating can reduce the feather-pecking or being pecked behaviour by "the shift" principle,but can not eliminate the feather-pecking behaviour.The blue stimulating may increase the feather-pecking behaviour and the yellow stimulating doesn't have obvious effect on feather-pecking behaviour.(2) The imprnting time of young chicken should end some time between 3 week age to 5 week age.
Experiments 3
Experimental design The experimental design included two kinds of raising condition (sandy condition and barren condition),and five kinds of communities structures(1 young chicken, 3 young chickens,5 young chickens,7 young chickens and 9 young chickens).
Result In the community,with the decreasing number of the other object chicken and the increasing number of chick,the mean of object-pecking,ground-pecking,stating at object reduce, but the feather-pecking behaviour increases.In the experimental group,but the chick's feeding behaviour increases.
Conclusion(1) Increasing the number of young chicken,the chick's interaction may enhance and the occurrence frequency of feather-pecking behaviour is more.(2) In the community, increasing the number of young chicken appropriately may increase the feeding behaviour,but can not determine the change of the foraging quantity.
引文
包军.1996.动物科学新领域-动物福利学说.畜牧业及畜产品加工进展.中国农业出版社.206-220
包军.1997.动物福利科学的发展现状.家畜生态.18:33-39
李世安著.1985.应用动物行为学.黑龙江人民出版社
尚玉昌编著.2005.动物行为学.北京大学出版社
杨宁,单崇浩等编著.1994.现代养鸡生产.北京,北京农业大学出版社
Adam Chow.Jerry A.Hogan.,2005.The development of feather pecking in Burmese red jungle fowl:the influence of early experience with exploratory-rich environments,Applied Animal Behaviour Science 93(2005) 283-294
Aerni,V.,El-Lethey,H.,Wechsler,B.,2000.Effect of foraging material and food form on feather pecking in laying hens,Br.Poult.Sci 41.16-21
Allen,J.,Perry,G.C.,1975,16.Feather pecking and cannibalism in a caged layer flock.Br.Poultry Sci.441-451
Al-Rawi B.,Craig J.V.,1975,2Antagonistic behaviour of caged chickens related to group size and area per bird.Applied Animal Ethology.69-80
Altmarm,J.1974,49.Observational study of behaviour:sampling methods.Behaviour.227-267
Ambrosen,T,Petersen,VE1997:Theinfluence of protein level in diet on cannibalism and quality of plumage of layers.POULT Sci76:559-563
Anja Brinch Riber,Anette Wichman,Bjarne O.Braastad and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.Effects of broody hens on perch use,ground pecking,feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 106,Issues 1-3,August,Pages 39-51
Anja B.Riber,Birte L.Nielsen,Christian Ritz and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.Diurnal activity cycles and synchrony in layer hen chicks(Gallus gallus domesticus).Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 108,Issues 3-4,25 December,Pages 276-287
Anja B.Riber and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.A note on the behaviour of the chicken that receives feather pecks.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 108,Issues 3-4,25 December,Pages 337-341
Appleby,M.C.,and B.O.Hughes,1991,47.Welfare of laying hens in cages and alternative systems:environmental,physical and behavioural aspects.World's Poult.Sci.J.109-128
Appleby,M.C.,Hughes,B.O.,Elson,H.A.,1992,239 pp.Poultry Production Systems:Behaviour Management and Welfare.CAB International,Wallingford.Blokhuis,H.J.,1986.Feather-pecking in poultry:its relation with ground-pecking.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.16,63-67.
Appleby,M.C.,S.F.Smith,and B.O.Hughes,1993,34.Nesting,dust bathing and perching by laying hens in cages:effects of design on behaviour and welfare.Br.Poult.Sci.835-847
Elstoh, J.J., Beck, M.M., Kachman, S.D., 2000,79.Laying hen behaviour. 1. Effects of cage type and startle stimuli. Br. Poult. Sci.471-476
Environment. Ed. Moss, R. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp 269-304
EstevezI., Newberry,RC., Kewling,LJ.,2002:Dynamics of aggression in the domestic fowl. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.76:307-325
Foster R G, Follett B K. 1985 The environmental of athodop sin-like photopigment in the photoperiodic response of the Japanese quail [J] J Comp Physiol, 157: 519-528
G. S. Sanotra, K. S. Vestergaard, J. F. Agger and L. G. Lawson. 1995. The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic chicks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 43, Issue 4, July, Pages 263-277
Gentle, MJ, Hunter, LN 1990: Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Res Vet Sci 27:149-157
Green, L.E., Lewis, K., Kimpton., A., Nicol, C.J., 2000,147.Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with management and disease. Vet. Rec.233-238
Gunnarsspn,S. Keeling,L.J.,Svedberg, J., 1999,40.Effect of rearing factors on the prevalence of floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking in commercial flocks of loose housed laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 12-18
Gunnarsson,S.,Matthews,L.R.,Foster,T.M.,2000,65.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.321-330
Hane, M.,Huber-Eicher,B.,Frohlich, E., 2000.56.A survey of laying hen husbandry in Switzerland. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.21—31
Hansen I., B.O.Braastad, 1994,40.Effect of rearing density on feather pecking and plumage laying hens in 2 types of aviary. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.263-272
Hess,E.H., 1964,146.1mprinting in bird. Science. 1128-1139
Hoffmeyer,I.1969,6.Feather pecking in pheasants: an ethological approach to the problem. Dan. Rev. Game Biol.1-36
Hogan, J.A., 1965. An experimental study of conflict and fear: an analysis of behaviour of young chicks toward a mealworm. Part I: the behaviour of chicks which do not eat the mealworm. Behaviour 25, 45-97.
Hogan, J.A., 1971. The development of a hunger system in young chicks. Behaviour 39, 129-201.
Hogan, J.A., 1984. Pecking and feeding in chicks. Learn. Motiv. 15, 360-376.
Huber-Eicher,B.,Audige, L., 1999,40.Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers. Br. Poult. Sci.599-604
Huber-Eicher,B.,Sebo, F., 2001a,73 Reducing feather pecking when raising laying hen chicks in aviary systems.59-68
Huber-Eicher, B, Sebo, F 2001b: The prevalence of feather pecking and development in Worlds Poultry Sci. J.23-49
Carmichael, N.L., Walker, A.W., Hughes, B.O., 1999. Laying hens in large flocks in a perch influence of stocking density on location,use of resources and behaviour. Br. Poult. Sci.
Charming, C.E., Hughes, B.O., Walker, A.W., 2001,72.Spatial distribution and behaviour of laying hens housed in an alternative system.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.335-345
Cheryl Hale and Leonard Green. 1988. Effects of early ingestional experiences on the acquisition of appropriate food selection by young chicks. Animal Behaviour, Volume 36, Issue 1, February, Pages 211-224
C.J. Savory , J.S. Mann, 1998,62. Stereotyped pecking after feeding by restricted-fed fowls is influenced by meal size. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.209-217.
C. J. Nicol, A. C. Lindberg, A. J. Phillips, S. J. Pope, L. J. Wilkins and L. E. Green, 2001. Influence of prior exposure to wood shavings on feather pecking, dustbathing and foraging in adult laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 73, Issue 2,28 July, Pages 141-155
C.M. Sherwin, P.D. Lewis, G.C. Perry, 1998. The effects of environmental enrichment and intermittent lighting on the behaviour and welfare of male domestic turkeys. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.319-333
Claudia Roden and Beat Wechsler. 1998. A comparison of the behaviour of domestic chicks reared with or without a hen in enriched pens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 55, Issues 3-4, January, Pages 317-326
Craig, J.V. and Lee, H.Y., 1990,25.Beak trimming and genetic stock effects on behaviour and mortality from cannibalism in White Leghorn-type Pullets. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci. 107-123
Dawkin, M.S., 1982. Elusive concept of preferred group size in domestic hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.365-375
Dawkins M.S., Hardie S., 1989,30. Space Needs of Laying Hens. British Poultry Science. 413-416
Devos, G.J. and van Kanpen, H.S., 1993,125.Effects of primary imprinting on the subsequent development of secondary filial attachments in the chick. Behaviour.245-263
Dorothy, E.F., Mckeegan and Savory, C.J., 1999,65.Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.73-85
E. Zeltner, T. Klein and B. Huber-Eicher. 2000. Is there social transmission of feather pecking in groups of laying hen chicks? Animal Behaviour, Volume 60, Issue 2, August, Pages 211-216
Eddie A E B.Koene P.Behaviour of fast-and slow growing broilers to 12 weeks of age and the physical consequences[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2003, 81: 59-72
EL-Lephey, H, Aerni, V, Jungi, TW, Wechsler, B 2000: Stress and feather pecking in laying hens in relation to housing conditions. Br Poult Sci 41: 22-28
EL-Lephey, H, Jungi, TW, Huber-Eicher, B 2001: Effects of feeding corticosterone and housingconditions on feather pecking in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Physiol Behav 73: 243-251
Johnsen, P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., 1997, August Prague,p. 81. Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Proc. 31st Internat. Congress of the ISAE. 13-16
Johnsen,P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., Norgaard-Nielsen, G, 1998,60.Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.25-41
Keeling, LJ 1994.Feather pecking-who in group does it, how often and under what circumstances? Proceedings 9th European Poultry Conference, Glasgow, pp. 288-289
Keeling, L.J., 1995,6.Feather pecking and cannibalism in layer. Poult. Int.46-50
Kjaer, J.B. et al, 1997,38 Feather pecking in white leghorn chickens—a genetic study. Br. Poultry Sci.333-341
Kjaer, J.B., Vestergaard, KS.,1999,62.Development of feather pecking in relation to light intensity. Appl. Anim.Behay.Sci.243-254
Kjaer, J.B., Smensen,P.,Su,G.,2001. Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.71:229-239
Kruijt, J.P., 1964. Ontogeny of social behaviour in Burmese red junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus). Behav. Suppl. 12,1-21.
Lauber J K, McGinnis J. 1967 Spectral sensitivity of avian growth and reproductive processes [J]. Fed Proc, ,24:701
Leonard, ML, Horn, AG, Fairfull, RW 1995:Correlates and consequences of allopecking in White Lefhorn chickens.. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.43:17-26
Lewis P D, Morris T R. 2000. Poultry and coloured light [J]. World's Poultry Science Journal, 56:189-207
Linberg, A.C. and Nicol, C.J., 1996,37.Space and density effects on group size preferences in laying hens. Poult. Sci.709-721
M. W. P. Bestman and J. P. Wagenaar. 2003. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Production Science, Volume 80, Issues 1-2, March, Pages 133-140
Matti Heikkila, Anette Wichman, Stefan Gunnarsson and Anna Valros. 2006. Development of perching behaviour in chicks reared in enriched environment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 99, Issues 1-2, August, Pages 145-156
Mcadie, T.M., Keeling, LJ.,2000.Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.68:215-229
Mcadie, T.M., Keeling, LJ.,2002.The social transmission of feather pecking inlaying hens:effects of environment and age. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.75:147-159
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ 1999: Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage. Appl Anim Behav Sci 65: 73-85
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ 2001: Feather eating in individually caged hens which differ in commercial flocksof laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 74:223-231
Huber-Eicher,B.,Wechsler, B., 1997,54.Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dustbathing and foraging. Anim.Behav.757-768
Huber-Eicher,B.,Wechsler, B., 1998,55.The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks.Anim.Behav. 861-873
Huber-Eicher,B.,1999,55.A survey of layer-type pullet rearing in Switzerland. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.83-91
Hughes,B.O. and Duncan, I.J.H., 1972,13 The influence of strain and environmental factors upon feather pecking and cannibalism in fowls. Br. Poultry Sci.525-547
Hughes, B.O. and Black, A.J. 1974,15.The effect of environmental factors on activity, selected ' behaviour patterns and 'fear' of fowls in cages and pens. British Poultry Science:375-380.
Hughes,B.O. and Wood-Gush, D., 1977,25.Agonistic behaviour in domestic hens: the influence of housing method and group size. Anim Behav. 1056-1062
Hughes,B.O., 1982,121.Feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowls. In: Bessei, W. (Ed), Disturbed Behaviour in Farm Animals. Hohenheimer Arbeiten.pp. 138-146
Hughes,B.O., 1985,June 10-13.Feather loss—how does it occur? Poultry Welfare Symposium. 177-188
Hughes,B.O. and Grigor, P.N., 1996,5.Behavioural time-budgets and beak related behaviour in floor housed turkeys. Anim. Welfare. 189-198
J. B. Kjaer. 2000. Diurnal rhythm of feather pecking behaviour and condition of integument in four strains of loose housed laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 65, Issue 4, January, Pages 331-347
J. B. Kjaer, B. M. Hjarvard, K. H. Jensen, J. Hansen-Moller and O. Naesbye Larsen. 2004. Effects of haloperidol, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 86, Issues 1-2,20 May, Pages 77-91
Jones J E, Hughes B L, Thurston R J, et al. 1982, The effects of red and white light during the prebreeder and breeder periods on egg production and feed consumption in large white turkeys [J]. Poultry Science, 61:1930-19321
Jones, R.B., Carmichael, N.L., Rayner, E., 2000. Pecking preferences and pre-dispositions in domestic chicks: implications for the development of environmental enrichment devices. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 69, 291-312.
Jones, R.B., McAdie, T.M., McCorquodale, C, Keeling, L.J., 2002. Pecking at other birds and at string enrichment devices by adult laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 43,337-343.
Jones, R.B., Blokhuis, H.J., de Jong, I.C., Keeling, L.J., McAdie, T.M., Preisinger, R., 2004. Feather pecking in poultry: the application of science in a search for practical solutions. Anim. Welfare 13, S215-S219.
Johnsen,P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., 1996,49.Dustbathing and pecking behaviour in chicks from a high and low pecking line of laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.237-246 1521-1530
Prayitno D S, Philips C J C, Omed H. 1997a, The effect of color of lighting on the behaviour and production of meat chickens [J]. Poultry Science, 76(3):452-457.
PrescottN B, W athes C M. 1999 Spectral sensitivity of dcmestic fowl Gallusg domestic[J] Br Poult Sci, 40:332-339.
Psagel, M.,Dawkins, M.S., 1997.,40 Peck orders and group size in laying hens: 'futures contracts' for non-aggression. Behav. Proc. 13-25
Pyrzaka P, Sio Pes T D. 1986, Effect of light quality on egg production of caged turkey hens [J]. Poultry Science, 65:199-201
Pyrzaka P, SioPes T D. 1986 The effect or color light on egg quality of turkey hens in cages[J] Poult Sci, 65 1262-1267.
Pyrzak R, Snapir N, Goodman G, et al 1987 The effect of light wavelength on the production and quality of eggs or the domestic hen[J] The riogenology, 28; 947-960
Riedstra, B., Groothuis, T.G.G., 2002. Early feather pecking as a form of social exploration: the effect of group stability on feather pecking and tonic immobility in domestic chicks. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 77, 127-138.
Riedstra, B., 2003. Development and social nature of feather pecking. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Riedstra, B., Groothuis, T.G.G., 2004. Prenatal light exposure affects early feather-pecking behaviour in the domestic chick. Anim. Behav. 67, 1037-1042.
Roden,C.,Wechsler,B.,1998,55A.comparison of the behaviour of domestic chicks reared with or without a hen in enriched pens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.317-326
Rodenburg, T.B., van Hierden, Y.M., Buitenhuis, A.J., Riedstra, B., Koene, P., Korte, S.M., van der Poel, J.J.,Groothuis, T.G.G., Blokhuis, H.J., 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 86,291-298.
Rodenburg T, Zimmerman P, Koene P. 2002,Sep 30;59(3).Reaction to frustration in high and low feather pecking laying hens. Behav Processes. 121
Roland Sr D A, Puman C E, Hilburn R L, et al 1978 Influence of age on the ability of hens to maintain egg shell calcification when stressed with inadequate dietary calcium[J] Poult Sci, 57 1616-1621
Rozenboin I, Zilbeman E, Gvaryahu et al. 1998, New monochrrmatic light source for laying hens[J] Poult Sci, 77: 1695-1698
Ruth C. Newberry, Linda J. Keeling, Inma Estevez and Boris Bilcik. 2007. Behaviour when young as a predictor of severe feather pecking in adult laying hens: The redirected foraging hypothesis revisited. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 107, Issues 3-4, November, Pages 262-274
Sanotra, G S., Vestergaard, K. S., Agger, J. F, Lawson, L. G 1995,43.The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic their propensityto feather peck. Appl Anim Behav Sci 73: 131-140
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ, Macleod, MG, Mitchell, MA 2001: Development of pecking damagein layer pullets in relation to dietary protein source. Br Poult Sci 42:33-42
McCoy, M. A., Reilly, G. A. C. And Kilpatrick, D. J., 1996,60.Density and breaking strength of bones of mortalities among caged layers. Research in Veterinary Science. 185-186
Narsson, S., Matthews, L.R., Foster, T.M., 2000.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci 65:321-330
Newberry, R.C., 1999. Exploratory behaviour of young domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63,311-321.
Newberry, RC, Estevez, I, Kewling, LJ., 2001. Group size and perching behaviour in young domestic fowl. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci:73,117-129
Nicol, C.J.,1989. Social influences on the comfort behaviour of laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.75-81
Nicol, C.J.,Gregory, N.J. Knowles, T.G., et al, 1999,65 Differential effects of increased stocking density,mediated by increased flock size,on feather pecking and aggression in laying hens.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci. 137-152
Nicol, C.J.,Lindberg, A.C.,Phillips,A.J. et al, 2001,73.Influence of prior exposure to wood shavings on feather pecking, dustbathing and foraging in adult laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 141-155
Norgaard-Nielsen, G,1989. The effect of access to straw in baskets on feather pecking in laying hens. Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare. Pp.269-271
Norgaard-Nielsen, G.,Vestergaard,K., Simonsen, H.B., 1993,38.Effects of rearing experience and stimulus enrichment on feather damage in laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.345-352
Norgaard-Nielsen, G.,1997,52.Dustbathing and feather pecking in domestic chickens with and without access to sand. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.99-108
Oden, K, Vestergaard, KS, Algers, B.1999:Agonistic behaviour and feather pecking in single-sexed and mixed groups of laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 62:219-231
Paul M. Hocking, Caroline E. Channing, Graeme W. Robertson, Avril Edmond and R. Bryan Jones. 2004. Between breed genetic variation for welfare-related behavioural traits in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 89, Issues 1-2, November, Pages 85-105
Pernille F. Johnsen and Klaus S. Vestergaard. 1996. Dustbathing and pecking behaviour in chicks from a high and a low feather pecking line of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 49, Issue 3,1 September, Pages 237-246
Pernille F. Johnsen, Klaus S. Vestergaard, Gert N0rgaard-Nielsen.,1998,.Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.60, 25-41
Petherick, J. C, Seawright, E., Waddington, D,Duncan, I. J. H., Murphy, L. B. 1995,49.The role of perception in the causation of dustbathing behaviour in domestic fowl. Anim. Behav. Behaviour Science, Volume 70, Issue 2, December, Pages 143-155
T. M. McAdie and L. J. Keeling. 2000. Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 68, Issue 3, June, Pages 215-229
T. M. McAdie and L. J. Keeling. 2002. The social transmission of feather pecking in laying hens: effects of environment and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 75, Issue 2,3 January, Pages 147-159
Tina M. McAdie, Linda J. Keeling, Harry J. Blokhuis and R. Bryan Jones. 2005. Reduction in feather pecking and improvement of feather condition with the presentation of a string device to chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 93, Issues 1-2, September, Pages 67-80
Van Hierden, Y.M.,Korte, S.M, Ruesink, E.W, VanReenen, CG, Engel, B., Koolhaas, J.M., Blokhuis, H.J,2002.The development of feather pecking behaviour and targeting of pecking in chicks from a high and low feather pecking line of laying hens Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.77:183-196
Van Hierden, Y.M., 2003. Behavioural neurobiology of feather pecking. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Van Kampen, H.S., Hogan, J.A., 2000. Courtship food-calling in Burmese red junglefowl. Part III: factors influencing the male's behaviour. Behaviour 137,1191-1209.
Van Liere, D.W., Kooijman, J., Wiepkema, P.R., 1990. Dustbathing behaviour of laying hens as related to quality of dustbathing material. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 26, 127-141.
Van Liere, D. W. 1991. Function and organization of dustbathing in laying hens. Ph.D. thesis, Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands
Vestergaard K., 1989. Environmental influences on the development of behaviour and their relation to welfare. Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare.pp.109-121
Vestergaard, K., Hogan, J. A., Kruijt, P. 1990,112.The development of a behaviour system: dustbathing in the Burmese red junglefowl. I. The influence of the rearing environment on the organization of dustbathing. Behaviour.99-116
Vestergaard, K.,Hogan, J. A. 1992,121. The development of a behaviour system: dustbathing in the Burmese red junglefowl. III. EVects of experience on stimulus preference. Behaviour.215-230
Vestergaard, K. S. and Lisborg, L. 1993,126 A model of feather pecking development which relates to dustbathing in the fowl. Behaviour.291-308
Vestergaard, K. S., Kruijt, J. P.and Hogan, J. A. 1993,45.Feather pecking and chronic fear in groups of red junglefowl: their relations to dustbathing, rearing environment and social status. Anim. Behav. 1127-1140
Vestergaard, K.S., 1994. Dustbathing and its relation to feather pecking in the fowl: motivational and developmental aspects. Doctor Dissertation. Jordbrugsforlaget, Denmark, 150 pp.
Vestergaard, K.S., Baranyiova, E., 1996. Pecking and scratching in the development of dust perception in young chicks. Acta Vet. Brno. 133-142.
Vestergaard, K.S.,Bildsoe, M., 1999,68 Dustbathing in relation to early pecking experience in chicks. Appl.Anim. Behav. Sci..263-277
Savory, C. J. 1974, 15Growth and behaviour of chicks fed on pellets or mash. Br. Poult. Sci.281-286.
Savory, C.J.,1995,51 .Feather pecking and cannibalism. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.215-219
Savory, C.J.,Mann,J.S., 1997,38 Behavioural development in groups of pen—housed pullets in relation to genetic strain,age and food form. Br. Poult. Sci.38-47
Savory, CJ.,Mann,J.S., 1999,40 Feather pecking in groups of growing bantams in relation to floor litter substrate and plumage colour. Br. Poult. Sci.565-572
Savory, C.J.,Mann, J.S., Mcleod, M.G., 1999. Incidence of pecking damage in growing bantams to food form,group size,stocking density, dietary tryptophan concentration and dietary proteins. Poult. Sci
S. Gunnarsson, L.R. Matthews, T.M. Foster, W. Temple., 2000.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 65,321-330.
S. Mechiel Korte, Gerard Beuving, Wim Ruesink and Harry J. Blokhuis. 1997. Plasma Catecholamine and Corticosterone Levels During Manual Restraint in Chicks from a High and Low Feather Pecking Line of Laying Hens. Physiology & Behaviour, Volume 62, Issue 3, September, Pages 437-441
Sylvie Cloutier et al, 2000,66.Does pecking at inanimate stimuli predicts cannibalistic behaviour in domestic foel? Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.119-133
T. B. Rodenburg, P. Koene and B. M. Spruijt. 2004. Reaction to frustration in high and low feather pecking lines of laying hens from commercial or semi-natural rearing conditions. Behavioural Processes, Volume 65, Issue 2,27 February, Pages 179-188
T. B. Rodenburg, Y. M. van Hierden, A. J. Buitenhuis, B. Riedstra, P. Koene, S. M. Korte, J. J. van der Poel, T. G. G. Groothuis and H. J. Blokhuis. 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research?Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 86, Issues 3-4, June, Pages 291-298
T.B. Rodenburg, P. Koene, E.A.M. Bokkers, M.E.H. Bos, K.A. Uitdehaag and B.M. Spruijt. 2005. Can short-term frustration facilitate feather pecking in laying hens?Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 91, Issues 1-2, May, Pages 85-101
T. Bas Rodenburg, Paul Koene. 2003. Comparison of individual and social feather pecking tests in two lines of laying hens at ten different ages. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 81, Issue 2, 19 April, Pages 133-148
T. Bas Rodenburg, Hans Komen, Esther D. Ellen, Koen A. Uitdehaag and Johan A.M. van Arendonk. 2007. Selection method and early-life history affect behavioural development, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hens: A review. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Available online 30 October
T. Klein, E. Zeltner and B. Huber-Eicher. 2000. Are genetic differences in foraging behaviour of laying hen chicks paralleled by hybrid-specific differences in feather pecking?Applied Animal game pheasants.Acta Vet.Brno.141-148
Wechsler,B.,Huber-Eicher,B.,1998.58 The effect of foraging material and perch height on feather pecking damage in laying hens.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.131-141
Wechsler,B.,Huber-Eicher,B.,Nash,D.R.,1998,39.Feather peeking in growers:a study with individually marked birds.Br.Sci.178-185
Woodward A E,Moore J A,Wilson W O.1969,Effect of wavelength of light on growth and reproduction in Japanese quail(Coturnix Coturnix JaPonica)[J].Poultry Science,48:118-123
Workman,L.,Rogers,L.J.1990,26 Pecking preferences in young chicks:effects of nutritive reward and beak-trimming.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.115-126
Yvonne M.van Hierden,S.Mechiel Korte,E.Wim Ruesink,Cornelis G.van Reenen,Bas Engel,Jaap M.Koolhaas and Harry J.Blokhuis.2002.The development of feather pecking behaviour and targeting of pecking in chicks from a high and low feather peeking line of laying hens.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 77,Issue 3,6 June,Pages 183-196
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Jaap M.Koolhaas and S.Mechiel Korte.2004.Chronic increase of dietary L-tryptophan decreases gentle feather pecking behaviour.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 89,Issues 1-2,November,Pages 71-84
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Sietse F.de Boer,Jaap M.Koolhaas and S.Mechiel Korte.2004.The Control of Feather Pecking by Serotonin.Behavioural Neuroscience,Volume 118,Issue 3,June,Pages 575-583
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Jaap M.Koolhaas,L'ubor Kost'al,Pavel Vyboh,Monika Sedlackova,Marek Rajman,Marian Jurani and S.Mechiel Korte.2005.Chicks from a high and low feather pecking line of laying hens differ in apomorphine sensitivity.Physiology &Behaviour,Volume 84,Issue 3,16 March,Pages 471-477
Zeltner,T.Klein and B.Huber-Eicher E.2000.Is there social transmission of feather pecking in groups of laying hen chicks? Animal Behaviour,Volume 60,Issue 2,August,Pages 211-216
包军.1997.动物福利科学的发展现状.家畜生态.18:33-39
李世安著.1985.应用动物行为学.黑龙江人民出版社
尚玉昌编著.2005.动物行为学.北京大学出版社
杨宁,单崇浩等编著.1994.现代养鸡生产.北京,北京农业大学出版社
Adam Chow.Jerry A.Hogan.,2005.The development of feather pecking in Burmese red jungle fowl:the influence of early experience with exploratory-rich environments,Applied Animal Behaviour Science 93(2005) 283-294
Aerni,V.,El-Lethey,H.,Wechsler,B.,2000.Effect of foraging material and food form on feather pecking in laying hens,Br.Poult.Sci 41.16-21
Allen,J.,Perry,G.C.,1975,16.Feather pecking and cannibalism in a caged layer flock.Br.Poultry Sci.441-451
Al-Rawi B.,Craig J.V.,1975,2Antagonistic behaviour of caged chickens related to group size and area per bird.Applied Animal Ethology.69-80
Altmarm,J.1974,49.Observational study of behaviour:sampling methods.Behaviour.227-267
Ambrosen,T,Petersen,VE1997:Theinfluence of protein level in diet on cannibalism and quality of plumage of layers.POULT Sci76:559-563
Anja Brinch Riber,Anette Wichman,Bjarne O.Braastad and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.Effects of broody hens on perch use,ground pecking,feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 106,Issues 1-3,August,Pages 39-51
Anja B.Riber,Birte L.Nielsen,Christian Ritz and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.Diurnal activity cycles and synchrony in layer hen chicks(Gallus gallus domesticus).Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 108,Issues 3-4,25 December,Pages 276-287
Anja B.Riber and Bj(o|¨)rn Forkman.2007.A note on the behaviour of the chicken that receives feather pecks.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 108,Issues 3-4,25 December,Pages 337-341
Appleby,M.C.,and B.O.Hughes,1991,47.Welfare of laying hens in cages and alternative systems:environmental,physical and behavioural aspects.World's Poult.Sci.J.109-128
Appleby,M.C.,Hughes,B.O.,Elson,H.A.,1992,239 pp.Poultry Production Systems:Behaviour Management and Welfare.CAB International,Wallingford.Blokhuis,H.J.,1986.Feather-pecking in poultry:its relation with ground-pecking.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.16,63-67.
Appleby,M.C.,S.F.Smith,and B.O.Hughes,1993,34.Nesting,dust bathing and perching by laying hens in cages:effects of design on behaviour and welfare.Br.Poult.Sci.835-847
Elstoh, J.J., Beck, M.M., Kachman, S.D., 2000,79.Laying hen behaviour. 1. Effects of cage type and startle stimuli. Br. Poult. Sci.471-476
Environment. Ed. Moss, R. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp 269-304
EstevezI., Newberry,RC., Kewling,LJ.,2002:Dynamics of aggression in the domestic fowl. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.76:307-325
Foster R G, Follett B K. 1985 The environmental of athodop sin-like photopigment in the photoperiodic response of the Japanese quail [J] J Comp Physiol, 157: 519-528
G. S. Sanotra, K. S. Vestergaard, J. F. Agger and L. G. Lawson. 1995. The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic chicks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 43, Issue 4, July, Pages 263-277
Gentle, MJ, Hunter, LN 1990: Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Res Vet Sci 27:149-157
Green, L.E., Lewis, K., Kimpton., A., Nicol, C.J., 2000,147.Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with management and disease. Vet. Rec.233-238
Gunnarsspn,S. Keeling,L.J.,Svedberg, J., 1999,40.Effect of rearing factors on the prevalence of floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking in commercial flocks of loose housed laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 12-18
Gunnarsson,S.,Matthews,L.R.,Foster,T.M.,2000,65.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.321-330
Hane, M.,Huber-Eicher,B.,Frohlich, E., 2000.56.A survey of laying hen husbandry in Switzerland. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.21—31
Hansen I., B.O.Braastad, 1994,40.Effect of rearing density on feather pecking and plumage laying hens in 2 types of aviary. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.263-272
Hess,E.H., 1964,146.1mprinting in bird. Science. 1128-1139
Hoffmeyer,I.1969,6.Feather pecking in pheasants: an ethological approach to the problem. Dan. Rev. Game Biol.1-36
Hogan, J.A., 1965. An experimental study of conflict and fear: an analysis of behaviour of young chicks toward a mealworm. Part I: the behaviour of chicks which do not eat the mealworm. Behaviour 25, 45-97.
Hogan, J.A., 1971. The development of a hunger system in young chicks. Behaviour 39, 129-201.
Hogan, J.A., 1984. Pecking and feeding in chicks. Learn. Motiv. 15, 360-376.
Huber-Eicher,B.,Audige, L., 1999,40.Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers. Br. Poult. Sci.599-604
Huber-Eicher,B.,Sebo, F., 2001a,73 Reducing feather pecking when raising laying hen chicks in aviary systems.59-68
Huber-Eicher, B, Sebo, F 2001b: The prevalence of feather pecking and development in Worlds Poultry Sci. J.23-49
Carmichael, N.L., Walker, A.W., Hughes, B.O., 1999. Laying hens in large flocks in a perch influence of stocking density on location,use of resources and behaviour. Br. Poult. Sci.
Charming, C.E., Hughes, B.O., Walker, A.W., 2001,72.Spatial distribution and behaviour of laying hens housed in an alternative system.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.335-345
Cheryl Hale and Leonard Green. 1988. Effects of early ingestional experiences on the acquisition of appropriate food selection by young chicks. Animal Behaviour, Volume 36, Issue 1, February, Pages 211-224
C.J. Savory , J.S. Mann, 1998,62. Stereotyped pecking after feeding by restricted-fed fowls is influenced by meal size. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.209-217.
C. J. Nicol, A. C. Lindberg, A. J. Phillips, S. J. Pope, L. J. Wilkins and L. E. Green, 2001. Influence of prior exposure to wood shavings on feather pecking, dustbathing and foraging in adult laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 73, Issue 2,28 July, Pages 141-155
C.M. Sherwin, P.D. Lewis, G.C. Perry, 1998. The effects of environmental enrichment and intermittent lighting on the behaviour and welfare of male domestic turkeys. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.319-333
Claudia Roden and Beat Wechsler. 1998. A comparison of the behaviour of domestic chicks reared with or without a hen in enriched pens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 55, Issues 3-4, January, Pages 317-326
Craig, J.V. and Lee, H.Y., 1990,25.Beak trimming and genetic stock effects on behaviour and mortality from cannibalism in White Leghorn-type Pullets. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci. 107-123
Dawkin, M.S., 1982. Elusive concept of preferred group size in domestic hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.365-375
Dawkins M.S., Hardie S., 1989,30. Space Needs of Laying Hens. British Poultry Science. 413-416
Devos, G.J. and van Kanpen, H.S., 1993,125.Effects of primary imprinting on the subsequent development of secondary filial attachments in the chick. Behaviour.245-263
Dorothy, E.F., Mckeegan and Savory, C.J., 1999,65.Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.73-85
E. Zeltner, T. Klein and B. Huber-Eicher. 2000. Is there social transmission of feather pecking in groups of laying hen chicks? Animal Behaviour, Volume 60, Issue 2, August, Pages 211-216
Eddie A E B.Koene P.Behaviour of fast-and slow growing broilers to 12 weeks of age and the physical consequences[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2003, 81: 59-72
EL-Lephey, H, Aerni, V, Jungi, TW, Wechsler, B 2000: Stress and feather pecking in laying hens in relation to housing conditions. Br Poult Sci 41: 22-28
EL-Lephey, H, Jungi, TW, Huber-Eicher, B 2001: Effects of feeding corticosterone and housingconditions on feather pecking in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Physiol Behav 73: 243-251
Johnsen, P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., 1997, August Prague,p. 81. Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Proc. 31st Internat. Congress of the ISAE. 13-16
Johnsen,P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., Norgaard-Nielsen, G, 1998,60.Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.25-41
Keeling, LJ 1994.Feather pecking-who in group does it, how often and under what circumstances? Proceedings 9th European Poultry Conference, Glasgow, pp. 288-289
Keeling, L.J., 1995,6.Feather pecking and cannibalism in layer. Poult. Int.46-50
Kjaer, J.B. et al, 1997,38 Feather pecking in white leghorn chickens—a genetic study. Br. Poultry Sci.333-341
Kjaer, J.B., Vestergaard, KS.,1999,62.Development of feather pecking in relation to light intensity. Appl. Anim.Behay.Sci.243-254
Kjaer, J.B., Smensen,P.,Su,G.,2001. Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.71:229-239
Kruijt, J.P., 1964. Ontogeny of social behaviour in Burmese red junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus). Behav. Suppl. 12,1-21.
Lauber J K, McGinnis J. 1967 Spectral sensitivity of avian growth and reproductive processes [J]. Fed Proc, ,24:701
Leonard, ML, Horn, AG, Fairfull, RW 1995:Correlates and consequences of allopecking in White Lefhorn chickens.. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.43:17-26
Lewis P D, Morris T R. 2000. Poultry and coloured light [J]. World's Poultry Science Journal, 56:189-207
Linberg, A.C. and Nicol, C.J., 1996,37.Space and density effects on group size preferences in laying hens. Poult. Sci.709-721
M. W. P. Bestman and J. P. Wagenaar. 2003. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Production Science, Volume 80, Issues 1-2, March, Pages 133-140
Matti Heikkila, Anette Wichman, Stefan Gunnarsson and Anna Valros. 2006. Development of perching behaviour in chicks reared in enriched environment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 99, Issues 1-2, August, Pages 145-156
Mcadie, T.M., Keeling, LJ.,2000.Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.68:215-229
Mcadie, T.M., Keeling, LJ.,2002.The social transmission of feather pecking inlaying hens:effects of environment and age. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.75:147-159
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ 1999: Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage. Appl Anim Behav Sci 65: 73-85
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ 2001: Feather eating in individually caged hens which differ in commercial flocksof laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 74:223-231
Huber-Eicher,B.,Wechsler, B., 1997,54.Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dustbathing and foraging. Anim.Behav.757-768
Huber-Eicher,B.,Wechsler, B., 1998,55.The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks.Anim.Behav. 861-873
Huber-Eicher,B.,1999,55.A survey of layer-type pullet rearing in Switzerland. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.83-91
Hughes,B.O. and Duncan, I.J.H., 1972,13 The influence of strain and environmental factors upon feather pecking and cannibalism in fowls. Br. Poultry Sci.525-547
Hughes, B.O. and Black, A.J. 1974,15.The effect of environmental factors on activity, selected ' behaviour patterns and 'fear' of fowls in cages and pens. British Poultry Science:375-380.
Hughes,B.O. and Wood-Gush, D., 1977,25.Agonistic behaviour in domestic hens: the influence of housing method and group size. Anim Behav. 1056-1062
Hughes,B.O., 1982,121.Feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowls. In: Bessei, W. (Ed), Disturbed Behaviour in Farm Animals. Hohenheimer Arbeiten.pp. 138-146
Hughes,B.O., 1985,June 10-13.Feather loss—how does it occur? Poultry Welfare Symposium. 177-188
Hughes,B.O. and Grigor, P.N., 1996,5.Behavioural time-budgets and beak related behaviour in floor housed turkeys. Anim. Welfare. 189-198
J. B. Kjaer. 2000. Diurnal rhythm of feather pecking behaviour and condition of integument in four strains of loose housed laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 65, Issue 4, January, Pages 331-347
J. B. Kjaer, B. M. Hjarvard, K. H. Jensen, J. Hansen-Moller and O. Naesbye Larsen. 2004. Effects of haloperidol, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 86, Issues 1-2,20 May, Pages 77-91
Jones J E, Hughes B L, Thurston R J, et al. 1982, The effects of red and white light during the prebreeder and breeder periods on egg production and feed consumption in large white turkeys [J]. Poultry Science, 61:1930-19321
Jones, R.B., Carmichael, N.L., Rayner, E., 2000. Pecking preferences and pre-dispositions in domestic chicks: implications for the development of environmental enrichment devices. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 69, 291-312.
Jones, R.B., McAdie, T.M., McCorquodale, C, Keeling, L.J., 2002. Pecking at other birds and at string enrichment devices by adult laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 43,337-343.
Jones, R.B., Blokhuis, H.J., de Jong, I.C., Keeling, L.J., McAdie, T.M., Preisinger, R., 2004. Feather pecking in poultry: the application of science in a search for practical solutions. Anim. Welfare 13, S215-S219.
Johnsen,P.F. and Vestergaard, K.S., 1996,49.Dustbathing and pecking behaviour in chicks from a high and low pecking line of laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.237-246 1521-1530
Prayitno D S, Philips C J C, Omed H. 1997a, The effect of color of lighting on the behaviour and production of meat chickens [J]. Poultry Science, 76(3):452-457.
PrescottN B, W athes C M. 1999 Spectral sensitivity of dcmestic fowl Gallusg domestic[J] Br Poult Sci, 40:332-339.
Psagel, M.,Dawkins, M.S., 1997.,40 Peck orders and group size in laying hens: 'futures contracts' for non-aggression. Behav. Proc. 13-25
Pyrzaka P, Sio Pes T D. 1986, Effect of light quality on egg production of caged turkey hens [J]. Poultry Science, 65:199-201
Pyrzaka P, SioPes T D. 1986 The effect or color light on egg quality of turkey hens in cages[J] Poult Sci, 65 1262-1267.
Pyrzak R, Snapir N, Goodman G, et al 1987 The effect of light wavelength on the production and quality of eggs or the domestic hen[J] The riogenology, 28; 947-960
Riedstra, B., Groothuis, T.G.G., 2002. Early feather pecking as a form of social exploration: the effect of group stability on feather pecking and tonic immobility in domestic chicks. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 77, 127-138.
Riedstra, B., 2003. Development and social nature of feather pecking. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Riedstra, B., Groothuis, T.G.G., 2004. Prenatal light exposure affects early feather-pecking behaviour in the domestic chick. Anim. Behav. 67, 1037-1042.
Roden,C.,Wechsler,B.,1998,55A.comparison of the behaviour of domestic chicks reared with or without a hen in enriched pens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.317-326
Rodenburg, T.B., van Hierden, Y.M., Buitenhuis, A.J., Riedstra, B., Koene, P., Korte, S.M., van der Poel, J.J.,Groothuis, T.G.G., Blokhuis, H.J., 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 86,291-298.
Rodenburg T, Zimmerman P, Koene P. 2002,Sep 30;59(3).Reaction to frustration in high and low feather pecking laying hens. Behav Processes. 121
Roland Sr D A, Puman C E, Hilburn R L, et al 1978 Influence of age on the ability of hens to maintain egg shell calcification when stressed with inadequate dietary calcium[J] Poult Sci, 57 1616-1621
Rozenboin I, Zilbeman E, Gvaryahu et al. 1998, New monochrrmatic light source for laying hens[J] Poult Sci, 77: 1695-1698
Ruth C. Newberry, Linda J. Keeling, Inma Estevez and Boris Bilcik. 2007. Behaviour when young as a predictor of severe feather pecking in adult laying hens: The redirected foraging hypothesis revisited. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 107, Issues 3-4, November, Pages 262-274
Sanotra, G S., Vestergaard, K. S., Agger, J. F, Lawson, L. G 1995,43.The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic their propensityto feather peck. Appl Anim Behav Sci 73: 131-140
Mckeegan, DEF, Savory, CJ, Macleod, MG, Mitchell, MA 2001: Development of pecking damagein layer pullets in relation to dietary protein source. Br Poult Sci 42:33-42
McCoy, M. A., Reilly, G. A. C. And Kilpatrick, D. J., 1996,60.Density and breaking strength of bones of mortalities among caged layers. Research in Veterinary Science. 185-186
Narsson, S., Matthews, L.R., Foster, T.M., 2000.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci 65:321-330
Newberry, R.C., 1999. Exploratory behaviour of young domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63,311-321.
Newberry, RC, Estevez, I, Kewling, LJ., 2001. Group size and perching behaviour in young domestic fowl. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci:73,117-129
Nicol, C.J.,1989. Social influences on the comfort behaviour of laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.75-81
Nicol, C.J.,Gregory, N.J. Knowles, T.G., et al, 1999,65 Differential effects of increased stocking density,mediated by increased flock size,on feather pecking and aggression in laying hens.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci. 137-152
Nicol, C.J.,Lindberg, A.C.,Phillips,A.J. et al, 2001,73.Influence of prior exposure to wood shavings on feather pecking, dustbathing and foraging in adult laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 141-155
Norgaard-Nielsen, G,1989. The effect of access to straw in baskets on feather pecking in laying hens. Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare. Pp.269-271
Norgaard-Nielsen, G.,Vestergaard,K., Simonsen, H.B., 1993,38.Effects of rearing experience and stimulus enrichment on feather damage in laying hens. Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.345-352
Norgaard-Nielsen, G.,1997,52.Dustbathing and feather pecking in domestic chickens with and without access to sand. Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.99-108
Oden, K, Vestergaard, KS, Algers, B.1999:Agonistic behaviour and feather pecking in single-sexed and mixed groups of laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 62:219-231
Paul M. Hocking, Caroline E. Channing, Graeme W. Robertson, Avril Edmond and R. Bryan Jones. 2004. Between breed genetic variation for welfare-related behavioural traits in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 89, Issues 1-2, November, Pages 85-105
Pernille F. Johnsen and Klaus S. Vestergaard. 1996. Dustbathing and pecking behaviour in chicks from a high and a low feather pecking line of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 49, Issue 3,1 September, Pages 237-246
Pernille F. Johnsen, Klaus S. Vestergaard, Gert N0rgaard-Nielsen.,1998,.Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.60, 25-41
Petherick, J. C, Seawright, E., Waddington, D,Duncan, I. J. H., Murphy, L. B. 1995,49.The role of perception in the causation of dustbathing behaviour in domestic fowl. Anim. Behav. Behaviour Science, Volume 70, Issue 2, December, Pages 143-155
T. M. McAdie and L. J. Keeling. 2000. Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 68, Issue 3, June, Pages 215-229
T. M. McAdie and L. J. Keeling. 2002. The social transmission of feather pecking in laying hens: effects of environment and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 75, Issue 2,3 January, Pages 147-159
Tina M. McAdie, Linda J. Keeling, Harry J. Blokhuis and R. Bryan Jones. 2005. Reduction in feather pecking and improvement of feather condition with the presentation of a string device to chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 93, Issues 1-2, September, Pages 67-80
Van Hierden, Y.M.,Korte, S.M, Ruesink, E.W, VanReenen, CG, Engel, B., Koolhaas, J.M., Blokhuis, H.J,2002.The development of feather pecking behaviour and targeting of pecking in chicks from a high and low feather pecking line of laying hens Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.77:183-196
Van Hierden, Y.M., 2003. Behavioural neurobiology of feather pecking. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Van Kampen, H.S., Hogan, J.A., 2000. Courtship food-calling in Burmese red junglefowl. Part III: factors influencing the male's behaviour. Behaviour 137,1191-1209.
Van Liere, D.W., Kooijman, J., Wiepkema, P.R., 1990. Dustbathing behaviour of laying hens as related to quality of dustbathing material. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 26, 127-141.
Van Liere, D. W. 1991. Function and organization of dustbathing in laying hens. Ph.D. thesis, Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands
Vestergaard K., 1989. Environmental influences on the development of behaviour and their relation to welfare. Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare.pp.109-121
Vestergaard, K., Hogan, J. A., Kruijt, P. 1990,112.The development of a behaviour system: dustbathing in the Burmese red junglefowl. I. The influence of the rearing environment on the organization of dustbathing. Behaviour.99-116
Vestergaard, K.,Hogan, J. A. 1992,121. The development of a behaviour system: dustbathing in the Burmese red junglefowl. III. EVects of experience on stimulus preference. Behaviour.215-230
Vestergaard, K. S. and Lisborg, L. 1993,126 A model of feather pecking development which relates to dustbathing in the fowl. Behaviour.291-308
Vestergaard, K. S., Kruijt, J. P.and Hogan, J. A. 1993,45.Feather pecking and chronic fear in groups of red junglefowl: their relations to dustbathing, rearing environment and social status. Anim. Behav. 1127-1140
Vestergaard, K.S., 1994. Dustbathing and its relation to feather pecking in the fowl: motivational and developmental aspects. Doctor Dissertation. Jordbrugsforlaget, Denmark, 150 pp.
Vestergaard, K.S., Baranyiova, E., 1996. Pecking and scratching in the development of dust perception in young chicks. Acta Vet. Brno. 133-142.
Vestergaard, K.S.,Bildsoe, M., 1999,68 Dustbathing in relation to early pecking experience in chicks. Appl.Anim. Behav. Sci..263-277
Savory, C. J. 1974, 15Growth and behaviour of chicks fed on pellets or mash. Br. Poult. Sci.281-286.
Savory, C.J.,1995,51 .Feather pecking and cannibalism. Wld's Poult. Sci. J.215-219
Savory, C.J.,Mann,J.S., 1997,38 Behavioural development in groups of pen—housed pullets in relation to genetic strain,age and food form. Br. Poult. Sci.38-47
Savory, CJ.,Mann,J.S., 1999,40 Feather pecking in groups of growing bantams in relation to floor litter substrate and plumage colour. Br. Poult. Sci.565-572
Savory, C.J.,Mann, J.S., Mcleod, M.G., 1999. Incidence of pecking damage in growing bantams to food form,group size,stocking density, dietary tryptophan concentration and dietary proteins. Poult. Sci
S. Gunnarsson, L.R. Matthews, T.M. Foster, W. Temple., 2000.The demand for straw and feathers as litter substrates by laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 65,321-330.
S. Mechiel Korte, Gerard Beuving, Wim Ruesink and Harry J. Blokhuis. 1997. Plasma Catecholamine and Corticosterone Levels During Manual Restraint in Chicks from a High and Low Feather Pecking Line of Laying Hens. Physiology & Behaviour, Volume 62, Issue 3, September, Pages 437-441
Sylvie Cloutier et al, 2000,66.Does pecking at inanimate stimuli predicts cannibalistic behaviour in domestic foel? Appl. Anim.Behav.Sci.119-133
T. B. Rodenburg, P. Koene and B. M. Spruijt. 2004. Reaction to frustration in high and low feather pecking lines of laying hens from commercial or semi-natural rearing conditions. Behavioural Processes, Volume 65, Issue 2,27 February, Pages 179-188
T. B. Rodenburg, Y. M. van Hierden, A. J. Buitenhuis, B. Riedstra, P. Koene, S. M. Korte, J. J. van der Poel, T. G. G. Groothuis and H. J. Blokhuis. 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research?Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 86, Issues 3-4, June, Pages 291-298
T.B. Rodenburg, P. Koene, E.A.M. Bokkers, M.E.H. Bos, K.A. Uitdehaag and B.M. Spruijt. 2005. Can short-term frustration facilitate feather pecking in laying hens?Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 91, Issues 1-2, May, Pages 85-101
T. Bas Rodenburg, Paul Koene. 2003. Comparison of individual and social feather pecking tests in two lines of laying hens at ten different ages. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 81, Issue 2, 19 April, Pages 133-148
T. Bas Rodenburg, Hans Komen, Esther D. Ellen, Koen A. Uitdehaag and Johan A.M. van Arendonk. 2007. Selection method and early-life history affect behavioural development, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hens: A review. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Available online 30 October
T. Klein, E. Zeltner and B. Huber-Eicher. 2000. Are genetic differences in foraging behaviour of laying hen chicks paralleled by hybrid-specific differences in feather pecking?Applied Animal game pheasants.Acta Vet.Brno.141-148
Wechsler,B.,Huber-Eicher,B.,1998.58 The effect of foraging material and perch height on feather pecking damage in laying hens.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.131-141
Wechsler,B.,Huber-Eicher,B.,Nash,D.R.,1998,39.Feather peeking in growers:a study with individually marked birds.Br.Sci.178-185
Woodward A E,Moore J A,Wilson W O.1969,Effect of wavelength of light on growth and reproduction in Japanese quail(Coturnix Coturnix JaPonica)[J].Poultry Science,48:118-123
Workman,L.,Rogers,L.J.1990,26 Pecking preferences in young chicks:effects of nutritive reward and beak-trimming.Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.115-126
Yvonne M.van Hierden,S.Mechiel Korte,E.Wim Ruesink,Cornelis G.van Reenen,Bas Engel,Jaap M.Koolhaas and Harry J.Blokhuis.2002.The development of feather pecking behaviour and targeting of pecking in chicks from a high and low feather peeking line of laying hens.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 77,Issue 3,6 June,Pages 183-196
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Jaap M.Koolhaas and S.Mechiel Korte.2004.Chronic increase of dietary L-tryptophan decreases gentle feather pecking behaviour.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,Volume 89,Issues 1-2,November,Pages 71-84
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Sietse F.de Boer,Jaap M.Koolhaas and S.Mechiel Korte.2004.The Control of Feather Pecking by Serotonin.Behavioural Neuroscience,Volume 118,Issue 3,June,Pages 575-583
Yvonne M.van Hierden,Jaap M.Koolhaas,L'ubor Kost'al,Pavel Vyboh,Monika Sedlackova,Marek Rajman,Marian Jurani and S.Mechiel Korte.2005.Chicks from a high and low feather pecking line of laying hens differ in apomorphine sensitivity.Physiology &Behaviour,Volume 84,Issue 3,16 March,Pages 471-477
Zeltner,T.Klein and B.Huber-Eicher E.2000.Is there social transmission of feather pecking in groups of laying hen chicks? Animal Behaviour,Volume 60,Issue 2,August,Pages 211-216