纸浆模塑包装制品的生命周期评价
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摘要
生命周期评价(LCA)是对产品或过程从最初的原材料采集到加工制造、产品使用以及用后处理的全过程进行跟踪和定量分析(即所谓的从摇篮到坟墓)与定性评价的方法。在环境与发展成为当今国际社会关注焦点的今天,包装制品在经济发展进程中的中心性、环保责任性及致力于改善人类生存条件的技术创新性要求包装工业需要一种全新的理念,而研究并实施基于LCA的理论和方法的生态化包装设计和制造模式则是其有效方式之一。本文依据现有生命周期评价的原则和技术框架,对工程项目——纸浆模塑包装制品生产系统进行生命周期评价研究,在理论上提出一套适用的生命周期评价模式,并且在实践中对我国两个典型的纸模包装制品生产系统于环境状况、经济效益和技术性能等方面进行了评价。所得结论可以为纸模包装制品生产的老厂改造、新厂建设以及相关政策法规的制定提供数据依据和参考。另外在评价过程中采用了层次分析方法,不仅选用了专家评分的定性给分法,同时还根据获取的数据运用定量给分的方法,使计算结果更能够体现工程项目的实际情况。
Life Cycle assessment(LCA)is a quantitative and qualitative analysis method which evaluate the product and process from the collection of raw material to the manufacture and use of the product as well as the disposal of it.Now environment and development have become heat point in the world. Package products play an important role in the process of economical development, at the same time they have environmental responsibility and technical innovation for improving living conditions. So package industry needs an new idea. The mode of ecological design and manufacture with LCA is one of effective methods.A LCA system which is suitable to evaluate the pupl moulded products is discussed on the basis of the LCA in this paper. It contains environment, economy and technology factors and is demonstrated by the example. The LCA system not only provide basic data to the old or new factories but also benefit making laws or regulations conserned. Analytic hiberarchy process with quantitive and qualitative evaluate method is used in order to reflect the practice more effective.
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