武汉地区居住建筑供冷供暖方式研究
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摘要
武汉市地处我国夏热冬冷地区,由于亚热带季风气候的影响,居住建筑室内热环境比较差,采暖空调的能耗比较大。本文根据武汉地区居住建筑常用的几种供冷供暖形式,从节能性,经济性、环保性等几个方面结合工程设计和应用中的问题进行研究和分析,得出结论。
本文先是选取了武汉地区一典型的住宅建筑户型,进行各空调房间冷、热负荷的计算,然后设计出适合该户型的四套供冷供暖系统方案,分别是:房间空调器方案,VRV空调系统方案,风冷热泵冷热水机组加风机盘管方案和区域供冷供暖方案。
然后利用居住建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-h对选用的户型进行建模,设定相关参数,模拟计算全年8760个小时供冷供暖工况下的建筑能耗。结合模拟计算结果,得到四种供冷供暖系统的节能性评价,并为工程设计及应用给出有用的建议。
接着根据武汉地区目前的能源,材料及设备价格计算这四种供冷供暖方案的采购、施工、运行、管理及维护的费用情况,利用年平均费用,寿命周期成本(LCC)等不同经济学模型分析各种供冷供暖系统方案的经济性,给出各方案的经济评价。
再从各供冷供暖系统的制冷剂使用、污染物排放、噪音污染情况等方面综合分析评价了各方案的环保性。
通过对武汉地区居住建筑四种供冷供暖方式的模拟分析研究,得出结论为:VRV空调系统在节能性及环保性方面表现较好,区域供冷供暖系统则有优良的节能性和经济性。
Because of the influence of subtropics monsoon weather, residential buildings in Wuhan city, which is located in hot summer and cold winter region of our country, have a bad indoor heat environment, and the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning is hug. In this paper, according to several kinds of heating and cooling system forms and their engineering design and application problems, the research and analysis on energy saving, economy and environment protecting of these system forms could provide the conclusion.
First, a typical residengtial builing in Wuhan area is selected as the research object which’s heating load and cooling load will be calculated for the design of four heating and cooling systems which are all suitable for the building. These four heating and cooling system are room air-conditioner system, VRV ( variable refrigerant volume ) air-conditioning system, fan coil air-conditioning system and district heating and colling system.
Second, the energy consumption of the four heating and cooling systems in 8760 hours of one year is simulated and calculated by using the building energy simulation software DeST-h with building models and setting some diameters for the simulating process. According to the simulation results, the energy saving evaluation of these four heating and cooling system could give some useful suggestion for engineering design and application.
Then,according to the energy price, material price and equipment price of Wuhan area at present time,the first costs, operating charges and maintenance charges of these four heating and cooling systems are calculated for economic evaluation which is based on different economic models such as the life cycle cost (LCC) , the annual average exepenses and so on.
After that, the environment protecting evaluation of the four heating and cooling systems is provided by compare with their refriger using,contamination emission and noise pollution and so on.
Through the simulation and analysis of four heating and cooling systems, it can drow a conclusion that VRV air-conditioning system has a very good performance of energy saving and environment protecting, and district heating and cooling system has a excellent performance of energy saving and economy in the residential buildings inWuhan area.
本文先是选取了武汉地区一典型的住宅建筑户型,进行各空调房间冷、热负荷的计算,然后设计出适合该户型的四套供冷供暖系统方案,分别是:房间空调器方案,VRV空调系统方案,风冷热泵冷热水机组加风机盘管方案和区域供冷供暖方案。
然后利用居住建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-h对选用的户型进行建模,设定相关参数,模拟计算全年8760个小时供冷供暖工况下的建筑能耗。结合模拟计算结果,得到四种供冷供暖系统的节能性评价,并为工程设计及应用给出有用的建议。
接着根据武汉地区目前的能源,材料及设备价格计算这四种供冷供暖方案的采购、施工、运行、管理及维护的费用情况,利用年平均费用,寿命周期成本(LCC)等不同经济学模型分析各种供冷供暖系统方案的经济性,给出各方案的经济评价。
再从各供冷供暖系统的制冷剂使用、污染物排放、噪音污染情况等方面综合分析评价了各方案的环保性。
通过对武汉地区居住建筑四种供冷供暖方式的模拟分析研究,得出结论为:VRV空调系统在节能性及环保性方面表现较好,区域供冷供暖系统则有优良的节能性和经济性。
Because of the influence of subtropics monsoon weather, residential buildings in Wuhan city, which is located in hot summer and cold winter region of our country, have a bad indoor heat environment, and the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning is hug. In this paper, according to several kinds of heating and cooling system forms and their engineering design and application problems, the research and analysis on energy saving, economy and environment protecting of these system forms could provide the conclusion.
First, a typical residengtial builing in Wuhan area is selected as the research object which’s heating load and cooling load will be calculated for the design of four heating and cooling systems which are all suitable for the building. These four heating and cooling system are room air-conditioner system, VRV ( variable refrigerant volume ) air-conditioning system, fan coil air-conditioning system and district heating and colling system.
Second, the energy consumption of the four heating and cooling systems in 8760 hours of one year is simulated and calculated by using the building energy simulation software DeST-h with building models and setting some diameters for the simulating process. According to the simulation results, the energy saving evaluation of these four heating and cooling system could give some useful suggestion for engineering design and application.
Then,according to the energy price, material price and equipment price of Wuhan area at present time,the first costs, operating charges and maintenance charges of these four heating and cooling systems are calculated for economic evaluation which is based on different economic models such as the life cycle cost (LCC) , the annual average exepenses and so on.
After that, the environment protecting evaluation of the four heating and cooling systems is provided by compare with their refriger using,contamination emission and noise pollution and so on.
Through the simulation and analysis of four heating and cooling systems, it can drow a conclusion that VRV air-conditioning system has a very good performance of energy saving and environment protecting, and district heating and cooling system has a excellent performance of energy saving and economy in the residential buildings inWuhan area.
引文
[1] Pyeongchna Ihm, Moncef Krarti, DeveloPment of a thermal energy storage model for EnergyPlus. Energy and Buildings, August 2004, 36(4): 78-82
[2] Jing Liang, Baizhan Li, Yong Wu and Runming Yao. An investigation of the existing situation and trends in building energy efficiency management in China. Energy and Buildings, 2007, 10(39): 1098-1106
[3]国家统计局工业交通统计司.中国能源统计年鉴(1997-1999).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
[4]江亿.中国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调, 2005(7): 14-19
[5]龙惟定.试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展.暖通空调, 1999(3): 27-32
[6] M. Bauer. A simplified correlation merhod accounting for heating and cooling loads in energy-effient buildings. Energy and Buildings, 1998(27): 147-154
[7] Sam C. M. Hui. Low energy building design in high density urban cities. Renewble Energy, 2001(24): 627-640
[8]龙维定.中国城市住宅空调的发展趋势.现代空调, 2005, 4: 20-24
[9]冀冠华.浅谈VRVⅡ型空调在设计中的具体应用.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2005, 23(2): 20-24
[10] Y. P. Zhou, J. Y. Wu, R. Z. Wang, S. Shiochi. Energy simulationg in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system under cooling conditioning. Energy and Buidings, 2007, 39(2): 212-220
[11]湖南省检测中心.户式中央空调在个体家居中的应用.电工园地, 2002(7): 22-23
[12] Cavakkaro R. A, Bullard W. C. Effect of variable-speedfans on refrigerator component heat transfer. ASHRAE Transaction, 1995, 101: 1218-12241
[13]秦红.区域供冷供热技术及在我国的发展问题.湖北省暖通空调制冷1996年学术年会
[14] T. T. Chou, W. H. Au, Raymond Yau, Vincent Cheng, Apple Chan, K. F. Fong, Applying district-cooling technology in Hong Kong, APPLIED ENERGY, 8 January2004
[15]顾昌,秦红.热电冷联产系统综合节能条件的研究.区域供热, 2002(2): 22-25
[16]李先瑞.住宅采暖空调方式的研究.节能与环保, 2001(1): 19-23
[17]薛卫华,刘传聚,陈沛霖.热泵式VRV空调系统制热运行能耗及其影响因素分析.暖通空调, 2001, 31(4): 19-21
[18]刘泽华.冬冷夏热地区户式空调设计与节能分析.节能技术, 2002(11): 36-38
[19]王旭升.浅谈户用中央空调的应用.科技情报开发与经济, 2005, 15(16): 47-49
[20]魏彩欣,刁永发.夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑能耗模拟与空调方案的技术经济分析: [硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学图书馆, 2007
[21]武汉市居住建筑节能设计技术规定.武汉: 2006
[22]中华人民共和国标准:夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准(JBJ134-2001).北京, 2001
[23]冯玉琪,王佳慧.分体空调器的选型、安装、使用、维修.北京:电子工业出版社, 1996
[24] Ashrae. Ashrae Standard 6221989R, Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality ( Public review draft), ASHRAE, August, 1996
[25] Tung Chi Wah. Influence of ventilation on indoor airborne particulate and radon in residential buildings in Hong Kong . Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2001
[26]格力公司产品样本
[27]邵双全,石文星,李先庭等.多元变频VRV空调系统原理.全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集, 2002
[28]大金公司VRV产品样本
[29] C. P. Youn, C. K. Young, M. k. min, Performance analysis on multi-type inverter air conditioner, Energy Conversion and Management, 2001, 42(13): 1607-1621
[30] S. C. Hu, Y. H. Yang, Development and testing of a multi-type air conditioner without using AC inverter. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46(3): 373-383
[31]刘东,潘志信,贾玉贵等.常见能耗分析方法简介.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2005, 4(3): 21-24
[32]清华大学DeST开发组.建筑环境系统模拟分析方法--DeST.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006
[33]宋芳婷,诸群飞,江亿等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第5讲影响建筑热过程的各种外界因素的取值方法.暖通空调, 2004, 34(11): 52-65
[34]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第2讲.暖通空调, 2004, 17(9): 27-38
[35]李兆坚,江亿.我国城镇住宅节能空调器适用性研究.暖通空调, 2007, 12(3): 24-26
[36]王裕民,王宇志.变频控制VRV空调系统特点的浅析.低温建筑技术, 1999(2): 42-43
[37]伍小亭.风机盘管选型及系统设计中的一些问题.暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 25-28
[38]余健.户式小型中央空调的技术经济比较.现代家电, 2004(7): 36-38
[39] Danfoss catalogue. Automatic Controls for Refrigeration Plant and Air Conditioning Systems. Danmark: Danfoss Industries Limited, 1995
[40]朱明善. CFC的替代物及我国对策.暖通空调, 2003, 24(2): 44-47
[41] Kruse, H. European Research on CFC and HCFC Subst itutes, Int. J. Refrig, March 1994, 3: 149-155
[42] Zhou Yi, L iu Xiangding, N an Jianzhong, TanZhoufang, Theoretical Prediction of Performance of Mixed Alternative R32/R134a for R12 and R22, Proceedings Part B, International Ecomaterials Conference, Xi’an, China, Sept. 1995: 429-432
[43]王勤.可用于R410A直接替代的新型HFCs混合制冷性能预测.制冷空调新技术进展.杭州:浙江大学制冷与低温研究所, 2005: 410-414
[44] Scheuer C, Keoleian G, Reppe P. Life cycle energy and environmental performance of a new university building: modeling challenges and design implications. Energy and Buildings, 2003, 35(10): 1049-1064
[45] ASHRAE Handbook. HVAC System and equipment, American Society of Heat. Refrigeranting and Air-conditioning engineers, Atlanta, USA, 1996
[2] Jing Liang, Baizhan Li, Yong Wu and Runming Yao. An investigation of the existing situation and trends in building energy efficiency management in China. Energy and Buildings, 2007, 10(39): 1098-1106
[3]国家统计局工业交通统计司.中国能源统计年鉴(1997-1999).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
[4]江亿.中国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调, 2005(7): 14-19
[5]龙惟定.试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展.暖通空调, 1999(3): 27-32
[6] M. Bauer. A simplified correlation merhod accounting for heating and cooling loads in energy-effient buildings. Energy and Buildings, 1998(27): 147-154
[7] Sam C. M. Hui. Low energy building design in high density urban cities. Renewble Energy, 2001(24): 627-640
[8]龙维定.中国城市住宅空调的发展趋势.现代空调, 2005, 4: 20-24
[9]冀冠华.浅谈VRVⅡ型空调在设计中的具体应用.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2005, 23(2): 20-24
[10] Y. P. Zhou, J. Y. Wu, R. Z. Wang, S. Shiochi. Energy simulationg in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system under cooling conditioning. Energy and Buidings, 2007, 39(2): 212-220
[11]湖南省检测中心.户式中央空调在个体家居中的应用.电工园地, 2002(7): 22-23
[12] Cavakkaro R. A, Bullard W. C. Effect of variable-speedfans on refrigerator component heat transfer. ASHRAE Transaction, 1995, 101: 1218-12241
[13]秦红.区域供冷供热技术及在我国的发展问题.湖北省暖通空调制冷1996年学术年会
[14] T. T. Chou, W. H. Au, Raymond Yau, Vincent Cheng, Apple Chan, K. F. Fong, Applying district-cooling technology in Hong Kong, APPLIED ENERGY, 8 January2004
[15]顾昌,秦红.热电冷联产系统综合节能条件的研究.区域供热, 2002(2): 22-25
[16]李先瑞.住宅采暖空调方式的研究.节能与环保, 2001(1): 19-23
[17]薛卫华,刘传聚,陈沛霖.热泵式VRV空调系统制热运行能耗及其影响因素分析.暖通空调, 2001, 31(4): 19-21
[18]刘泽华.冬冷夏热地区户式空调设计与节能分析.节能技术, 2002(11): 36-38
[19]王旭升.浅谈户用中央空调的应用.科技情报开发与经济, 2005, 15(16): 47-49
[20]魏彩欣,刁永发.夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑能耗模拟与空调方案的技术经济分析: [硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学图书馆, 2007
[21]武汉市居住建筑节能设计技术规定.武汉: 2006
[22]中华人民共和国标准:夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准(JBJ134-2001).北京, 2001
[23]冯玉琪,王佳慧.分体空调器的选型、安装、使用、维修.北京:电子工业出版社, 1996
[24] Ashrae. Ashrae Standard 6221989R, Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality ( Public review draft), ASHRAE, August, 1996
[25] Tung Chi Wah. Influence of ventilation on indoor airborne particulate and radon in residential buildings in Hong Kong . Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2001
[26]格力公司产品样本
[27]邵双全,石文星,李先庭等.多元变频VRV空调系统原理.全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集, 2002
[28]大金公司VRV产品样本
[29] C. P. Youn, C. K. Young, M. k. min, Performance analysis on multi-type inverter air conditioner, Energy Conversion and Management, 2001, 42(13): 1607-1621
[30] S. C. Hu, Y. H. Yang, Development and testing of a multi-type air conditioner without using AC inverter. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46(3): 373-383
[31]刘东,潘志信,贾玉贵等.常见能耗分析方法简介.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2005, 4(3): 21-24
[32]清华大学DeST开发组.建筑环境系统模拟分析方法--DeST.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006
[33]宋芳婷,诸群飞,江亿等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第5讲影响建筑热过程的各种外界因素的取值方法.暖通空调, 2004, 34(11): 52-65
[34]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第2讲.暖通空调, 2004, 17(9): 27-38
[35]李兆坚,江亿.我国城镇住宅节能空调器适用性研究.暖通空调, 2007, 12(3): 24-26
[36]王裕民,王宇志.变频控制VRV空调系统特点的浅析.低温建筑技术, 1999(2): 42-43
[37]伍小亭.风机盘管选型及系统设计中的一些问题.暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 25-28
[38]余健.户式小型中央空调的技术经济比较.现代家电, 2004(7): 36-38
[39] Danfoss catalogue. Automatic Controls for Refrigeration Plant and Air Conditioning Systems. Danmark: Danfoss Industries Limited, 1995
[40]朱明善. CFC的替代物及我国对策.暖通空调, 2003, 24(2): 44-47
[41] Kruse, H. European Research on CFC and HCFC Subst itutes, Int. J. Refrig, March 1994, 3: 149-155
[42] Zhou Yi, L iu Xiangding, N an Jianzhong, TanZhoufang, Theoretical Prediction of Performance of Mixed Alternative R32/R134a for R12 and R22, Proceedings Part B, International Ecomaterials Conference, Xi’an, China, Sept. 1995: 429-432
[43]王勤.可用于R410A直接替代的新型HFCs混合制冷性能预测.制冷空调新技术进展.杭州:浙江大学制冷与低温研究所, 2005: 410-414
[44] Scheuer C, Keoleian G, Reppe P. Life cycle energy and environmental performance of a new university building: modeling challenges and design implications. Energy and Buildings, 2003, 35(10): 1049-1064
[45] ASHRAE Handbook. HVAC System and equipment, American Society of Heat. Refrigeranting and Air-conditioning engineers, Atlanta, USA, 1996