环境振动能量转换器与功率调理电路的参数优化
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摘要
针对像无线传感器、便携式设备等许多不能或不便于采用有线供电和电池不能或不易更换的电子系统对微电源的需求,研究可以将外界环境的能量转换为电能并且在理论上无限期使用的微型发电系统(或者环境能量采集器)是人们正在努力探索的课题。由于环境的振动能量无处不在,因此振动能量采集器成为可自我维持电源研究中的一大热点。
针对磁电式环境振动能量采集系统的换能器及其功率调理电路的研究设计问题,本文主要通过机电模拟,将换能器的机电混合模型等效为纯电路模型,借助电路仿真软件,从机电能量转换器建模,功率调理电路设计、参数优化三方面进行了不需要外部能源辅助的振动能量采集系统的相关理论和仿真研究。论文具体研究工作如下:
首先,对磁电式转换器的结构及其工作原理进行分析,将换能器简化为一个单自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,并进行动力学分析,建立机械系统物理模型的传递函数,进而导出磁电式换能器的输出表达式;采用系统相似原理,通过机电模拟,将物理模型转换为电路模型,从而能借助电路仿真工具进行电路分析。
其次,针对电能的高效存储问题以及满足实际负载供电使用的要求,对磁电式转换器功率调理电路进行了研究设计,在本文中设计了两种电路并进行了使其输出最优的仿真研究。
最后,根据设计的两种功率调理电路使用电路分析设计的仿真软件OrCAD/Pspice9.2工具对整个系统进行仿真研究,对主要电路进行了参数优化,根据仿真优化结果对这两种电路进行对比分析。
It is not convenient to change the battery or to power with wired supply for some kinds of electronic devices such as wireless sensors and portable equipments etc, the micro electrical power is needed. The micro electricity generator timelessly used is one of the micro powers being explored and developed, which can convert the ambient power to electricity. Ambient vibration energy is everywhere, so vibration power harvester becomes one of the hotspot research on self-power.
For investigation and designment of magnet-electrical vibration transducer and the power conditioning circuits, this thesis converts the mechanism-electrical mix model to the circuit model with mechanism-electrical simulating, and uses the circuit simulation software to analysis theoretically and simulates the vibration power harvester without any exterior assistant power supply. The thesis fouses on the three aspects primarily: the modelling of vibration-electric energy convertor, power conditioning circuits and parameters optimization.
Firstly, the configuration and principle of magnet-electrical transducer is analyzed. The system is predigested of a mass-spring-damp system, and analyzed from kinetics, and the power transfer function of the mechanism system is found, so that the output power expression of magnet-electrical transducer can be educed. With the help of electro-mechanical analogy and simulation, the physics model of mechanism system is conversed to the circuit model, so that the circuits can be analyzed with the simulation software.
Secondly, power conditioning circuits of magnet-electrical transducer are designed, so that the electric energy can be storaged efficiently and power load, and satisfy the request of practical use. In the thesis two circuits to optimize the output power are designed, and the simulation results show the validity.
Finally, the circuit simulation software OrCAD/Pspice9.2 is used to optimize the circuit parameters of the two power conditiong circuits, and the applicability of two circuits are analyzed on basis of the simulation results.
针对磁电式环境振动能量采集系统的换能器及其功率调理电路的研究设计问题,本文主要通过机电模拟,将换能器的机电混合模型等效为纯电路模型,借助电路仿真软件,从机电能量转换器建模,功率调理电路设计、参数优化三方面进行了不需要外部能源辅助的振动能量采集系统的相关理论和仿真研究。论文具体研究工作如下:
首先,对磁电式转换器的结构及其工作原理进行分析,将换能器简化为一个单自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,并进行动力学分析,建立机械系统物理模型的传递函数,进而导出磁电式换能器的输出表达式;采用系统相似原理,通过机电模拟,将物理模型转换为电路模型,从而能借助电路仿真工具进行电路分析。
其次,针对电能的高效存储问题以及满足实际负载供电使用的要求,对磁电式转换器功率调理电路进行了研究设计,在本文中设计了两种电路并进行了使其输出最优的仿真研究。
最后,根据设计的两种功率调理电路使用电路分析设计的仿真软件OrCAD/Pspice9.2工具对整个系统进行仿真研究,对主要电路进行了参数优化,根据仿真优化结果对这两种电路进行对比分析。
It is not convenient to change the battery or to power with wired supply for some kinds of electronic devices such as wireless sensors and portable equipments etc, the micro electrical power is needed. The micro electricity generator timelessly used is one of the micro powers being explored and developed, which can convert the ambient power to electricity. Ambient vibration energy is everywhere, so vibration power harvester becomes one of the hotspot research on self-power.
For investigation and designment of magnet-electrical vibration transducer and the power conditioning circuits, this thesis converts the mechanism-electrical mix model to the circuit model with mechanism-electrical simulating, and uses the circuit simulation software to analysis theoretically and simulates the vibration power harvester without any exterior assistant power supply. The thesis fouses on the three aspects primarily: the modelling of vibration-electric energy convertor, power conditioning circuits and parameters optimization.
Firstly, the configuration and principle of magnet-electrical transducer is analyzed. The system is predigested of a mass-spring-damp system, and analyzed from kinetics, and the power transfer function of the mechanism system is found, so that the output power expression of magnet-electrical transducer can be educed. With the help of electro-mechanical analogy and simulation, the physics model of mechanism system is conversed to the circuit model, so that the circuits can be analyzed with the simulation software.
Secondly, power conditioning circuits of magnet-electrical transducer are designed, so that the electric energy can be storaged efficiently and power load, and satisfy the request of practical use. In the thesis two circuits to optimize the output power are designed, and the simulation results show the validity.
Finally, the circuit simulation software OrCAD/Pspice9.2 is used to optimize the circuit parameters of the two power conditiong circuits, and the applicability of two circuits are analyzed on basis of the simulation results.
引文
[1]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报.2004,25(4):114-124
[2]Roundy.S,Leland.E.S,J.Carleton.Improving power output for vibration-based energy Scavengers.Pervasive Computing,IEEE.2005,4(1):28-36
[3]Sohrabi K,Gao J,Ailawadhi V.Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network.IEEE Personal Communications,2000,7(5):16-27
[4]BianLeixiang,Wen Yumei,LiPing.Energy harvesting for micro-sensors.Chinese journal of scientific instrument.2006,27(S1):114-115
[5]J.M.Rabaey,M.J.Ammer,J.L.da Silva,Jr.Patel D.and S.Roundy.Picoradio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking.IEEE Computer.2000,33(7):42-48
[6]C.B.Williams and R.B.Yates.Analysis of a micro-electric generator for microsystems.Proc.Solid-State Sensors and Actuators,1995 and Eurosensors Ⅸ.Transducers '95,The 8th international Conference.1995,1(25):369-372
[7]汪汉新,叶俊民.一种基于PSpice9.2的电子电路最优化设计的方法.计算机应用学报.2002,2(12):92-94
[8]罗批,滕建辅,郭继昌.使用OrCAD优化电子线路参数的探讨.电子测量与仪器学报.2001,15(4):35-39
[9]S.Roundy,B.P.Otis,Y.H.Chee,et al.A 1.9 GHz RF tansmit beacon using environmentally scavenged energy.In Proceedings of the ISPLED 2003,Seoul Korea.August 2003:25-27
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[12]Shad Roundy,Paul K.Wright,and Jan Rabaey.A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes.J.Computer Communications.2003,26(11):1131-1144
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[17]H.A.Sodano,G.Park,D.J.Leo,D.J.Inman.Use of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices for charging batteries.Proceedings of SPIE,2003,50(50):101-108
[18]T.E.Stamer.Powerful change part 1:batteries and possible alternatives for the mobile market.IEEE,Pervasive computing 2,2003,2(4):86-88
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[20]庄小利,吴季.仿真软件Multisim与Pspice在电路设计中的功能比较.现代电子技术,2006,2:103-105
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[26]N.M.White,P.Glynne-Jones and S.Beeby.A novel thick-film piezoelectric micro-generator,Smart Mater.Aug,2001.pp:850-852
[27]王佩红,戴旭涵,赵小林.微型电磁式振动能量采集器的研究进展.振动与冲击.2007,26(9):94-98
[28]单成祥编著.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用.北京:国防工业出版 社.1999,8:228-259
[29]谢双维主编,传感器技术.北京:中国计量出版社.2005,8:93-99
[30]王昌明,孔德仁编著,传感与测试技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,6:195-203
[31]D.C.Yates,A.S.Holmes,and A.J.Burdett.Optimal transmission frequency for ultralow-power short-range radio links.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1.2004,51(7):1405-1413
[32]何道清编著.传感器与传感器技术.北京:科学出版社.2000,27-183
[33]N.G.Stephen.On energy harvesting from ambient vibration.Journal of Sound and Vibration.2006,293(1-2):409-425
[34]Williams C.B.,Shearwood C.,M.A.Harradine.Development of an electromagnetic micro-generator,IEE Proc.Circuits Devices Syst.2001,148(6):337-342
[35]S.Roundy,D.Steingart,L.Frechette,P.Wright and J.Rabaey.Power sources for wireless sensor networks.Wireless Sensor Networks.Feb 2004.pp:1-17
[36]Zhuo bing Xiao,Ming you Ma.Thin-film lithium-ion battery derived from Lil.3A10.3Til.7 sintered pellet.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China.2006,16(2):281-285
[37]P.D.Mitcheson,T.C.Green,E.M.Yeatman and A.S.Holmes.Architectures for vibration-driven micropower generators.IEEE Journal of microelectromechanical Systems(MEMS).2004,13(3):429-440
[38]G.K.Ottman,H.F.Hofmann and G.A.Lesieutre.Optimized piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit using stepdown converter in discontinuous conduction mode.IEEE.Trans.on Power Electronics.2003,18(2):696-703
[39]H.A.Sodano,G.Park,D.J.Inman.Estimation of electric charge output for piezoelectric energy harvesting,Strain,2004,40(2):49-58
[40]S.P.Beeby,M.J.Tudor and N.M.White.Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications.Measurement science and technology.2006,17(12):175 - 195
[41]Qian Jin,WEN Ying.Voltage-double rectifier and its application.Journal of Changiang,Vocational University.2002.19(1):63-64
[42]刘午平主编.模拟电子技术从入门到精通.北京:国防工业出版社.2006,257-263
[43]郝波,霍龙.多倍压整流电路的PSPICE分析与研究.电力学报.1996, 11(2):8-11
[44]李蜀川,杨忠孝,成友才.倍压整流电路的计算.川北教育学院学报.2002,12(1):51-54
[45]Koziel S,Bialko M.Multiobjective optimization of electronic circuits using evolutionary methods.Proceedings of the 1997 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design.1997,2:451-456
[46]Gen-Lin,Shao-Wei Pan,et al.ADIC-2.C:A General-purpose optimization program suitable for integrated circuit design applications using the pseudo objective function substitution method(POSM).IEEE Trans.on Computer Aided Design.1998,7(11):1150-1163
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[2]Roundy.S,Leland.E.S,J.Carleton.Improving power output for vibration-based energy Scavengers.Pervasive Computing,IEEE.2005,4(1):28-36
[3]Sohrabi K,Gao J,Ailawadhi V.Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network.IEEE Personal Communications,2000,7(5):16-27
[4]BianLeixiang,Wen Yumei,LiPing.Energy harvesting for micro-sensors.Chinese journal of scientific instrument.2006,27(S1):114-115
[5]J.M.Rabaey,M.J.Ammer,J.L.da Silva,Jr.Patel D.and S.Roundy.Picoradio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking.IEEE Computer.2000,33(7):42-48
[6]C.B.Williams and R.B.Yates.Analysis of a micro-electric generator for microsystems.Proc.Solid-State Sensors and Actuators,1995 and Eurosensors Ⅸ.Transducers '95,The 8th international Conference.1995,1(25):369-372
[7]汪汉新,叶俊民.一种基于PSpice9.2的电子电路最优化设计的方法.计算机应用学报.2002,2(12):92-94
[8]罗批,滕建辅,郭继昌.使用OrCAD优化电子线路参数的探讨.电子测量与仪器学报.2001,15(4):35-39
[9]S.Roundy,B.P.Otis,Y.H.Chee,et al.A 1.9 GHz RF tansmit beacon using environmentally scavenged energy.In Proceedings of the ISPLED 2003,Seoul Korea.August 2003:25-27
[10]Meninger S.,Mur-Miranda J.O.,Amirtharajah R.,et al.Vibration-to-electric energy conversion.Very large scale integration(VLSI)systems,IEEE.2001,9(1):64-76
[11]S.Roundy and P.K.Wright.A piezoelectric vibration based generator for wireless electronics.Smartmaterials and structures.2004,13(5):1131-1142
[12]Shad Roundy,Paul K.Wright,and Jan Rabaey.A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes.J.Computer Communications.2003,26(11):1131-1144
[13]Paul D.Mitcheson,Tim C.Green,Eric M.Yeatman and Andrew S.Holmes.Architecture for vibration-driven micropower generators.Journal of microelectromechanical systems.2004,13(3):429-440
[14]P.G.Jones,Tudor,M.J.Beeby,S.P.et al.An electromagnetic vibration-powered generator for intelligent sensor systems.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical.2004,Vol.10(1-3):344-349
[15]Ching,Neil N.H.,Wong,H.Y..A laser-micromachined multi-modal resonating power transducer for wireless sensing systems.Sensors and Actuators A.2001,97-98(1):685-690
[16]Ottman,G.K.,Hofmann,H.F.,Bhatt A.C.and Lesieutre G.A.Adaptive piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit for wireless remote power supply.IEEE Transactions on power electronics.2002,17(5):669-676
[17]H.A.Sodano,G.Park,D.J.Leo,D.J.Inman.Use of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices for charging batteries.Proceedings of SPIE,2003,50(50):101-108
[18]T.E.Stamer.Powerful change part 1:batteries and possible alternatives for the mobile market.IEEE,Pervasive computing 2,2003,2(4):86-88
[19]王晓虹.常用的两种EDA软件.电子工程师.1999,6:32-33
[20]庄小利,吴季.仿真软件Multisim与Pspice在电路设计中的功能比较.现代电子技术,2006,2:103-105
[21]许凯,许菡.电子电路最优化设计.西部广播电视.2003,5:22-23
[22]史奎凡,陈月辉.提高遗传算法收敛速度的方法.信心与控制.1998,27(4):289-293
[23]金凤莲,孟桂颖.应用Pspice仿真软件优化电路设计.自动化与仪器仪表.2001,6:22-23
[24]Rajeevan Amirtharajah,Anantha RChandrakasan.Self-powered signal processing using Vibration-Based Power Generation.IEEE journal of solid-state circuits.1998,33(5):687-695
[25]S.Roundy,P.K.Wright,K.S.J.Pister.Micro-Electrostatic vibration-to-electricity converters.Proceedings of the 2000 ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition,New Orleans,Louisiana,2002,10:17-22
[26]N.M.White,P.Glynne-Jones and S.Beeby.A novel thick-film piezoelectric micro-generator,Smart Mater.Aug,2001.pp:850-852
[27]王佩红,戴旭涵,赵小林.微型电磁式振动能量采集器的研究进展.振动与冲击.2007,26(9):94-98
[28]单成祥编著.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用.北京:国防工业出版 社.1999,8:228-259
[29]谢双维主编,传感器技术.北京:中国计量出版社.2005,8:93-99
[30]王昌明,孔德仁编著,传感与测试技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,6:195-203
[31]D.C.Yates,A.S.Holmes,and A.J.Burdett.Optimal transmission frequency for ultralow-power short-range radio links.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1.2004,51(7):1405-1413
[32]何道清编著.传感器与传感器技术.北京:科学出版社.2000,27-183
[33]N.G.Stephen.On energy harvesting from ambient vibration.Journal of Sound and Vibration.2006,293(1-2):409-425
[34]Williams C.B.,Shearwood C.,M.A.Harradine.Development of an electromagnetic micro-generator,IEE Proc.Circuits Devices Syst.2001,148(6):337-342
[35]S.Roundy,D.Steingart,L.Frechette,P.Wright and J.Rabaey.Power sources for wireless sensor networks.Wireless Sensor Networks.Feb 2004.pp:1-17
[36]Zhuo bing Xiao,Ming you Ma.Thin-film lithium-ion battery derived from Lil.3A10.3Til.7 sintered pellet.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China.2006,16(2):281-285
[37]P.D.Mitcheson,T.C.Green,E.M.Yeatman and A.S.Holmes.Architectures for vibration-driven micropower generators.IEEE Journal of microelectromechanical Systems(MEMS).2004,13(3):429-440
[38]G.K.Ottman,H.F.Hofmann and G.A.Lesieutre.Optimized piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit using stepdown converter in discontinuous conduction mode.IEEE.Trans.on Power Electronics.2003,18(2):696-703
[39]H.A.Sodano,G.Park,D.J.Inman.Estimation of electric charge output for piezoelectric energy harvesting,Strain,2004,40(2):49-58
[40]S.P.Beeby,M.J.Tudor and N.M.White.Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications.Measurement science and technology.2006,17(12):175 - 195
[41]Qian Jin,WEN Ying.Voltage-double rectifier and its application.Journal of Changiang,Vocational University.2002.19(1):63-64
[42]刘午平主编.模拟电子技术从入门到精通.北京:国防工业出版社.2006,257-263
[43]郝波,霍龙.多倍压整流电路的PSPICE分析与研究.电力学报.1996, 11(2):8-11
[44]李蜀川,杨忠孝,成友才.倍压整流电路的计算.川北教育学院学报.2002,12(1):51-54
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