大容量高频开关电源的研制
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摘要
本文首先介绍了本次研制的高频开关电源的现实意义和需要达到的铁标要求，并介绍了主电路和控制电路的设计。在整个开关电源的研制过程中，采用了理论分析、仿真计算和实际硬件实验相结合的研究方法。
本文阐明了高频开关电源的基本原理，介绍了四种带变压隔离器的电路拓扑结构，并分析它们的优缺点，对全桥变换电路的运行模式和工作原理进行了分析，确定了电源的初步方案，即采用全桥式电路拓扑结构；然后使用仿真软件对开关电源主电路的运行情况进行了仿真测试，并根据相应的要求设计了控制电路。在此基础上，研制了一台样机，并对样机进行了不断的改进和完善。
本文对开关电源的工程最优设计做了一定的探讨，从可行设计的不足到最优设计的定义，数学原理以及具体实现上都做了详细的说明。论文根据对开关电源工作机理的分析，通过用Simulink工具仿真出各组不同的开关电源电路设计参数对电路性能的影响，并采用BP神经网络建立了开关电源电路设计参数与相对应的电路性能之间的非线性关系，使用遗传算法对开关电源可行电路设计参数进行了寻优，并在计算机上采用MATLAB软件做了初步的实现，通过MATLAB的遗传算法工具箱计算出了多组优化设计参数。最后通过Simulink仿真对比了最优设计和可行设计，最优设计的仿真结果要优于可行设计的仿真结果。
论文在最后部分简要的介绍了铁标上规定的电磁兼容性试验的试验内容和开关电源的电磁兼容性设计。
This paper introduces the practical significance of the high frequency switching power supply developed by us, and introduces the corresponding railway standards of the People's Republic of China. The main circuit and the control circuit are introduced in this paper. During the development of the switching power supply, the research method includes the theory analysis, the simulation and the practical experiments.
The fundamental of the switching power supply is illustrated in this paper, the four kinds of the circuit topology configuration containing the insulated transformer are presented, and the advantages and the disadvantages of the circuit topology configuration are analyzed. The fundamental and the mode of the full bridge switching circuit are emphasized. According to the analysis, the main circuit topology configuration is determined. The software implements the simulated test of the main circuit. The control circuit is designed for satisfying the standards. At the foundation of the theory analysis and the practical experiments, a sample is manufactured; the amelioration is carried out continuously.
This paper discusses the engineering optimized design of the switching power supply, the disadvantages of the feasible design, the definition of the optimized design, the mathematic fundamental and the concretely realization of the optimized design are detailedly explained. According to the analysis of working principle of the switching power supply, the nonlinear relationship between the circuit's design parameters and the performances of the circuit are established by the BP Neural Networks, the parameter's optimization in the spaces of the feasible design's parameters is implemented by the Genetic Algorithm, and a optimized parameters' team is gained by the GA toolbox. The simulated result of the optimized design is better than the feasible design.
At last, the EMC design of the switching power supply and the EMC's standards in the railway standards of China are briefly introduced.
本文阐明了高频开关电源的基本原理，介绍了四种带变压隔离器的电路拓扑结构，并分析它们的优缺点，对全桥变换电路的运行模式和工作原理进行了分析，确定了电源的初步方案，即采用全桥式电路拓扑结构；然后使用仿真软件对开关电源主电路的运行情况进行了仿真测试，并根据相应的要求设计了控制电路。在此基础上，研制了一台样机，并对样机进行了不断的改进和完善。
本文对开关电源的工程最优设计做了一定的探讨，从可行设计的不足到最优设计的定义，数学原理以及具体实现上都做了详细的说明。论文根据对开关电源工作机理的分析，通过用Simulink工具仿真出各组不同的开关电源电路设计参数对电路性能的影响，并采用BP神经网络建立了开关电源电路设计参数与相对应的电路性能之间的非线性关系，使用遗传算法对开关电源可行电路设计参数进行了寻优，并在计算机上采用MATLAB软件做了初步的实现，通过MATLAB的遗传算法工具箱计算出了多组优化设计参数。最后通过Simulink仿真对比了最优设计和可行设计，最优设计的仿真结果要优于可行设计的仿真结果。
论文在最后部分简要的介绍了铁标上规定的电磁兼容性试验的试验内容和开关电源的电磁兼容性设计。
This paper introduces the practical significance of the high frequency switching power supply developed by us, and introduces the corresponding railway standards of the People's Republic of China. The main circuit and the control circuit are introduced in this paper. During the development of the switching power supply, the research method includes the theory analysis, the simulation and the practical experiments.
The fundamental of the switching power supply is illustrated in this paper, the four kinds of the circuit topology configuration containing the insulated transformer are presented, and the advantages and the disadvantages of the circuit topology configuration are analyzed. The fundamental and the mode of the full bridge switching circuit are emphasized. According to the analysis, the main circuit topology configuration is determined. The software implements the simulated test of the main circuit. The control circuit is designed for satisfying the standards. At the foundation of the theory analysis and the practical experiments, a sample is manufactured; the amelioration is carried out continuously.
This paper discusses the engineering optimized design of the switching power supply, the disadvantages of the feasible design, the definition of the optimized design, the mathematic fundamental and the concretely realization of the optimized design are detailedly explained. According to the analysis of working principle of the switching power supply, the nonlinear relationship between the circuit's design parameters and the performances of the circuit are established by the BP Neural Networks, the parameter's optimization in the spaces of the feasible design's parameters is implemented by the Genetic Algorithm, and a optimized parameters' team is gained by the GA toolbox. The simulated result of the optimized design is better than the feasible design.
At last, the EMC design of the switching power supply and the EMC's standards in the railway standards of China are briefly introduced.
引文
[1] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．6：1～3
[2] 黄赞武．高频开关电源的设计：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国农业大学，2000
[3] 李宾绪．新型大功率开关电源的研制与仿真：[硕士学位论文]．北京：华北电力大学，2001
[4] 李健民，贺文．110v高频开关电源的研制．机车电传动，1999，(6)：8～10
[5] TB/T1395-2003．中华人民共和国铁道行业标准．
[6] 华伟，周文定．现代电力电子器件及其应用．北京：北方交通大学出版社，2002．3
[7] 赵效敏．开关电源的设计与应用．上海：上海科学普及出版社，1995．9
[8] 徐德高，金刚．脉宽调制变换器型稳压电源．北京：科学出版社，1983．6
[9] 邓焰．桥式逆变电路无源无损耗吸收技术研究：[博士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学，2000
[10] 林渭勋等．电力电子技术基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1990
[11] Ching-Jung Tseng, etc. Passive Lossless Snubbers for DC/DC Converters. IEEE APEC'98, pp 1049-1054.
[12] 白云同，吕晓德．电磁兼容设计．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2001．3：158～159
[13] 雷新．电源EMI滤波器的设计、特性及其选取原则．电子产品可靠性与环境试验，2002，(4)：50～54
[14] 陈穷．电磁兼容性工程设计手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1993
[15] 区健昌．EMI滤波器和开关电源防护设计．电磁干扰抑制技术，2002，(2)：23～26
[16] 区健昌．新一代开关电源EMI滤波器的走势．电子产品世界，2000，(10)：62～63
[17] 沙占友．EMI滤波器的设计原理．电子技术应用，2001，(5)：46～48
[18] 区健昌．EMI滤波器和开关电源防护设计(续)．电磁干扰抑制技术，
2002，(3)：33～834
[19] 曹才开．开关电源电磁干扰滤波器插入损耗的研究．通讯电源技术，2003，(5)： 17～20
[20] 邱关源．电路．北京：高等教育出版社，1999．6：369～389
[21] 吴雪予．抗EMI滤波器设计与原理应用．磁性材料及器件，1999．(5)：23～28
[22] 黄志武，陈特放，蒋新华．电力机车用110伏IPM高频开关电源设计 长沙铁道学院学报，1997．1
[23] 叶慧贞，杨兴洲．新颖开关稳压电源．北京：国防工业出版社，1999．1
[24] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．6： 503～510
[25] 刘松柏．SS8电力机车主变流器故障智能诊断系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：中南大学，2003
[26] 韩力群．人工神经网络理论、设计及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．1
[27] 张际先．神经网络及其在工程中的应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．5
[28] 袁兵，甄少华．基于MATLAB神经网络工具箱的BP神经网络状态监控器．液压与机床，2002．(2)：81～83
[29] 王悦民，潜伟建．改进的BP算法在柴油机故障诊断中的应用研究．海军工程大学学报，2000．4
[30] 候北平，卢佩．基于MATLAB的BP神经网络建模及系统仿真．自动化与仪表，2001．(1)：34～36
[31] 巨军让．BP神经网络在MATLAB上的方便实现．新疆石油学院学报， 1999．(2)：42～46
[32] 楼顺天，施阳．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计(神经网络)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[33] J.Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, 1975
[34] 陈国良，王煦法，庄镇泉，王东生．遗传算法及其应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[35] 陆金桂，李谦，王浩，曹一家．遗传算法原理及其工程应用．北京：
中国矿业大学出版社，1997
[36] J.E.Baker J. Adaptive Selection Methods for Genetic Algorithm. Proc.ICGA 1, pp.101～111, 1985
[37] D.Whitley. The Genitor algorithm and selection pressure: why rank-based allocation of reproductive trials is best. In Proc.ICGA 3, 1989 pp.116～121
[38] L.Booker. Improving search in genetic algorithm. In Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing, L.Davis (ed.) Morgan Kaufmanna Publishers, 1987, pp. 61～73
[39] R. A. Caruana, L. A. Eshelman and J. D. Schaffer, "Representation and hidden bias Ⅱ: Eliminating defininglength bias in genetic search via shuffle crossover", 1989.In Eleventh Int. Joint Conf. on AI, Sridharan N. S. (Ed.), Vol. 1, Morgan Kaufmann, pp 750～755
[40] G. Syswerda, "Uniform crossover in genetic algorithms", 1989.Proc. ICGA 3, pp. 2～9
[41] H. Mühlenbein and D. Schlierkamp-Voosen, "Predictive Models for the Breeder Genetic Algorithm", Evolutionary Computation, 1993.Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25～49
[42] A.J. Chipperfield and P. J. Fleming. The MATLAB Genetic Algorithm Toolbox. IEE Colloquium on Applied Control Techniques Using MATLAB, Digest No. 1995/014, 26/01/95
[43] Andrew Chipperfield, Peter Fleming, Hartmut Pohlheim, Carlos Fonseca. The user's guide of genetic algorithm toolbox for use with MATLAB.
[44] A. Varsek, T. Urbacic and B. Filipic, "Genetic Algorithms in Controller Design and Tuning", IEEE Trans. Sys.Man and Cyber. 1993.Vol. 23, No. 5pp1330-1339
[45] A. J. Chipperfield, P. J. Fleming and C. M. Fonseca, "Genetic Algorithm Tools for Control Systems Engineering", Proc. Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control, Plymouth Engineering Design Centre, 21-22 September, 1994.pp. 128～133
[46] D.E. Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, January 1989.
[47] Krishnakumar K. and Goldberg D. E., 1992 "ControlSystem Optimization
Using Genetic Algorithms", Journalof Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1992 Vol. 15, No. 3, pp.735～740
[48] Grace A. C. W., "SIMULINK, an Integrated Environment for Simulation and Control", In, "MATLAB Toolboxes and Applications for Control", Chipperfield J. and Fleming P. J. (Eds.), Peter Peregrinus, 1993
[49] 王国峰．基于MATLAB异步电机变频调速系统的仿真研究．淮南工业学院学报，2001，21(3)：33～36
[50] 刘文良，王杰．MATLAB在电力电子技术仿真中的应用．电气自动化， 2001，23(3)：53～54
[51] 薛定宇，陈阳泉．基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用．北京： 清华大学出版社，2002，4
[52] D.Hanselman, B.Littlefield. Mastering matlab6 a comprehensive tutorial and reference(张航等，译)．北京：清华大学出版社，2002，6：284～289
[53] 白云同，吕晓德．电磁兼容设计．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2001．3：7～8
[54] 白 洁．电磁屏蔽技术在电子设备中的应用．2003，(3)：9～14
[55] 王天顺．滤波器的设计与安装．飞机设计，2002，(3)：58～63
[2] 黄赞武．高频开关电源的设计：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国农业大学，2000
[3] 李宾绪．新型大功率开关电源的研制与仿真：[硕士学位论文]．北京：华北电力大学，2001
[4] 李健民，贺文．110v高频开关电源的研制．机车电传动，1999，(6)：8～10
[5] TB/T1395-2003．中华人民共和国铁道行业标准．
[6] 华伟，周文定．现代电力电子器件及其应用．北京：北方交通大学出版社，2002．3
[7] 赵效敏．开关电源的设计与应用．上海：上海科学普及出版社，1995．9
[8] 徐德高，金刚．脉宽调制变换器型稳压电源．北京：科学出版社，1983．6
[9] 邓焰．桥式逆变电路无源无损耗吸收技术研究：[博士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学，2000
[10] 林渭勋等．电力电子技术基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1990
[11] Ching-Jung Tseng, etc. Passive Lossless Snubbers for DC/DC Converters. IEEE APEC'98, pp 1049-1054.
[12] 白云同，吕晓德．电磁兼容设计．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2001．3：158～159
[13] 雷新．电源EMI滤波器的设计、特性及其选取原则．电子产品可靠性与环境试验，2002，(4)：50～54
[14] 陈穷．电磁兼容性工程设计手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1993
[15] 区健昌．EMI滤波器和开关电源防护设计．电磁干扰抑制技术，2002，(2)：23～26
[16] 区健昌．新一代开关电源EMI滤波器的走势．电子产品世界，2000，(10)：62～63
[17] 沙占友．EMI滤波器的设计原理．电子技术应用，2001，(5)：46～48
[18] 区健昌．EMI滤波器和开关电源防护设计(续)．电磁干扰抑制技术，
2002，(3)：33～834
[19] 曹才开．开关电源电磁干扰滤波器插入损耗的研究．通讯电源技术，2003，(5)： 17～20
[20] 邱关源．电路．北京：高等教育出版社，1999．6：369～389
[21] 吴雪予．抗EMI滤波器设计与原理应用．磁性材料及器件，1999．(5)：23～28
[22] 黄志武，陈特放，蒋新华．电力机车用110伏IPM高频开关电源设计 长沙铁道学院学报，1997．1
[23] 叶慧贞，杨兴洲．新颖开关稳压电源．北京：国防工业出版社，1999．1
[24] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．6： 503～510
[25] 刘松柏．SS8电力机车主变流器故障智能诊断系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：中南大学，2003
[26] 韩力群．人工神经网络理论、设计及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．1
[27] 张际先．神经网络及其在工程中的应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．5
[28] 袁兵，甄少华．基于MATLAB神经网络工具箱的BP神经网络状态监控器．液压与机床，2002．(2)：81～83
[29] 王悦民，潜伟建．改进的BP算法在柴油机故障诊断中的应用研究．海军工程大学学报，2000．4
[30] 候北平，卢佩．基于MATLAB的BP神经网络建模及系统仿真．自动化与仪表，2001．(1)：34～36
[31] 巨军让．BP神经网络在MATLAB上的方便实现．新疆石油学院学报， 1999．(2)：42～46
[32] 楼顺天，施阳．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计(神经网络)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[33] J.Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, 1975
[34] 陈国良，王煦法，庄镇泉，王东生．遗传算法及其应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[35] 陆金桂，李谦，王浩，曹一家．遗传算法原理及其工程应用．北京：
中国矿业大学出版社，1997
[36] J.E.Baker J. Adaptive Selection Methods for Genetic Algorithm. Proc.ICGA 1, pp.101～111, 1985
[37] D.Whitley. The Genitor algorithm and selection pressure: why rank-based allocation of reproductive trials is best. In Proc.ICGA 3, 1989 pp.116～121
[38] L.Booker. Improving search in genetic algorithm. In Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing, L.Davis (ed.) Morgan Kaufmanna Publishers, 1987, pp. 61～73
[39] R. A. Caruana, L. A. Eshelman and J. D. Schaffer, "Representation and hidden bias Ⅱ: Eliminating defininglength bias in genetic search via shuffle crossover", 1989.In Eleventh Int. Joint Conf. on AI, Sridharan N. S. (Ed.), Vol. 1, Morgan Kaufmann, pp 750～755
[40] G. Syswerda, "Uniform crossover in genetic algorithms", 1989.Proc. ICGA 3, pp. 2～9
[41] H. Mühlenbein and D. Schlierkamp-Voosen, "Predictive Models for the Breeder Genetic Algorithm", Evolutionary Computation, 1993.Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25～49
[42] A.J. Chipperfield and P. J. Fleming. The MATLAB Genetic Algorithm Toolbox. IEE Colloquium on Applied Control Techniques Using MATLAB, Digest No. 1995/014, 26/01/95
[43] Andrew Chipperfield, Peter Fleming, Hartmut Pohlheim, Carlos Fonseca. The user's guide of genetic algorithm toolbox for use with MATLAB.
[44] A. Varsek, T. Urbacic and B. Filipic, "Genetic Algorithms in Controller Design and Tuning", IEEE Trans. Sys.Man and Cyber. 1993.Vol. 23, No. 5pp1330-1339
[45] A. J. Chipperfield, P. J. Fleming and C. M. Fonseca, "Genetic Algorithm Tools for Control Systems Engineering", Proc. Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control, Plymouth Engineering Design Centre, 21-22 September, 1994.pp. 128～133
[46] D.E. Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, January 1989.
[47] Krishnakumar K. and Goldberg D. E., 1992 "ControlSystem Optimization
Using Genetic Algorithms", Journalof Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1992 Vol. 15, No. 3, pp.735～740
[48] Grace A. C. W., "SIMULINK, an Integrated Environment for Simulation and Control", In, "MATLAB Toolboxes and Applications for Control", Chipperfield J. and Fleming P. J. (Eds.), Peter Peregrinus, 1993
[49] 王国峰．基于MATLAB异步电机变频调速系统的仿真研究．淮南工业学院学报，2001，21(3)：33～36
[50] 刘文良，王杰．MATLAB在电力电子技术仿真中的应用．电气自动化， 2001，23(3)：53～54
[51] 薛定宇，陈阳泉．基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用．北京： 清华大学出版社，2002，4
[52] D.Hanselman, B.Littlefield. Mastering matlab6 a comprehensive tutorial and reference(张航等，译)．北京：清华大学出版社，2002，6：284～289
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