平面张弦梁结构的施工过程控制研究
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摘要
张弦梁结构是一种新型复合屋盖结构形式,是通过撑杆将拱(梁)和索杂交而成。它充分发挥了拱型结构的受力优势同时充分利用索材的高抗拉强度,使结构集受力合理、施工快捷、形式简洁、造型新颖等众多优点于一身。本文在以往研究的基础上主要对平面张弦梁结构的施工过程控制进行了一些讨论与研究。
本文以迁安文化会展中心工程的屋盖张弦梁结构为研究对象,对钢结构构件的制作,现场拼装,吊装方案的设计,预应力张拉,施工过程的监控等整个施工过程进行了较为详细的研究。
首先,介绍了平面张弦梁制作过程中的索端节点部位厚板与铸钢件的焊接。对焊缝进行分类,重点攻克铸钢件与80厚钢板坡口节点设计及焊接工艺要求,编制了合理的焊接程序,有效的控制焊接变形和消除焊接应力,成功的解决了铸钢件与80厚钢板焊接的难题。
其次,对平面张弦梁在吊装过程中结构及构件的稳定性进行了计算;探讨了设置临时支撑的最佳布置及对结构安全的影响,并对拆撑过程中的安全问题进行了初步的探讨;对平面张弦梁结构的整体提升方法进行了设计计算,通过ANSYS软件进行计算,提出了最佳方案选择的方法。此外,由于张弦梁结构为比较新颖的预应力钢结构体系,目前的施工技术还不够成熟,整个施工过程中张弦梁结构的受力比较复杂,更需要注意的是张弦梁结构中下弦索的受力情况,它直接关系着结构的最终形态和安全性,可能实际施工时的结构条件与计算假定有一定的出入,这使得理论分析结果与实际情况存在着一定误差,所以在施工过程中对结构进行实时监测是非常必要的,并给出了几种监测方法。
最后,对平面张弦梁结构的特点进行了总结,并对平面张弦梁结构进一步研究内容,如预应力空间钢结构的新材料、新节点、新工艺,预拉力控制和模型计算方面专业化等问题进行了展望。
Beam string structure (BSS) is a new kind of composed roof structures. Arch/beam and struts connected with cable were main components of BSS. Therefore, BSS have distinguish characteristics such as reasonable structure form, convenient construction, novel and terse model, because of the better compress bearing capacity of arch/beam and the better tension bearing capacity of cable. Based on the former research outcomes, this paper is mainly focused on the control of construction process for planar BSS.
For a practical planar BSS construction process, the Qianan Cultural and Exhibition, research works carried out in this paper according to the steel structure manufacturing processing, on-site consolidation process, hoisting process,prestress tension process, construction monitoring process, etc…
Firstly, the welding between steel castings and the thick plate of the cable end joints in the construction process was introduced and classified. In this process, the key problem of design and welding for steel castings and the 80 thick plate was study and was solved by compiling a reasonable welding program to control the welding deformation and to eliminate welding stress force effectively.
Secondly, the stability of BSS and members in the hoisting process were calculated so that to study the influence and optimum design of temporary supports arrangement as well as the safety of BSS in these supports demolition process. By means of software ANSYS, the hoisting plan of BSS was calculated and was determined. As a new type of prestress steel structure, BSS has a complicate loading condition in the construction process. Especially for the cables, the complicate loading condition, which is always slightly different in the construction and calculation, would determine the final shape and safety of BSS. Therefore, some monitoring methods for construction process is necessary and was studied in this paper.
Finally, characteristics of Planar BSS were summarized and some proposed research works for BSS were put forward in this paper, such as new materials, new joints, new techniques, prestress control and specification of model calculation etc…
本文以迁安文化会展中心工程的屋盖张弦梁结构为研究对象,对钢结构构件的制作,现场拼装,吊装方案的设计,预应力张拉,施工过程的监控等整个施工过程进行了较为详细的研究。
首先,介绍了平面张弦梁制作过程中的索端节点部位厚板与铸钢件的焊接。对焊缝进行分类,重点攻克铸钢件与80厚钢板坡口节点设计及焊接工艺要求,编制了合理的焊接程序,有效的控制焊接变形和消除焊接应力,成功的解决了铸钢件与80厚钢板焊接的难题。
其次,对平面张弦梁在吊装过程中结构及构件的稳定性进行了计算;探讨了设置临时支撑的最佳布置及对结构安全的影响,并对拆撑过程中的安全问题进行了初步的探讨;对平面张弦梁结构的整体提升方法进行了设计计算,通过ANSYS软件进行计算,提出了最佳方案选择的方法。此外,由于张弦梁结构为比较新颖的预应力钢结构体系,目前的施工技术还不够成熟,整个施工过程中张弦梁结构的受力比较复杂,更需要注意的是张弦梁结构中下弦索的受力情况,它直接关系着结构的最终形态和安全性,可能实际施工时的结构条件与计算假定有一定的出入,这使得理论分析结果与实际情况存在着一定误差,所以在施工过程中对结构进行实时监测是非常必要的,并给出了几种监测方法。
最后,对平面张弦梁结构的特点进行了总结,并对平面张弦梁结构进一步研究内容,如预应力空间钢结构的新材料、新节点、新工艺,预拉力控制和模型计算方面专业化等问题进行了展望。
Beam string structure (BSS) is a new kind of composed roof structures. Arch/beam and struts connected with cable were main components of BSS. Therefore, BSS have distinguish characteristics such as reasonable structure form, convenient construction, novel and terse model, because of the better compress bearing capacity of arch/beam and the better tension bearing capacity of cable. Based on the former research outcomes, this paper is mainly focused on the control of construction process for planar BSS.
For a practical planar BSS construction process, the Qianan Cultural and Exhibition, research works carried out in this paper according to the steel structure manufacturing processing, on-site consolidation process, hoisting process,prestress tension process, construction monitoring process, etc…
Firstly, the welding between steel castings and the thick plate of the cable end joints in the construction process was introduced and classified. In this process, the key problem of design and welding for steel castings and the 80 thick plate was study and was solved by compiling a reasonable welding program to control the welding deformation and to eliminate welding stress force effectively.
Secondly, the stability of BSS and members in the hoisting process were calculated so that to study the influence and optimum design of temporary supports arrangement as well as the safety of BSS in these supports demolition process. By means of software ANSYS, the hoisting plan of BSS was calculated and was determined. As a new type of prestress steel structure, BSS has a complicate loading condition in the construction process. Especially for the cables, the complicate loading condition, which is always slightly different in the construction and calculation, would determine the final shape and safety of BSS. Therefore, some monitoring methods for construction process is necessary and was studied in this paper.
Finally, characteristics of Planar BSS were summarized and some proposed research works for BSS were put forward in this paper, such as new materials, new joints, new techniques, prestress control and specification of model calculation etc…
引文
[1]张志宏,张明山,董石麟,张弦梁结构若干问题的探讨,工程力学,2004,21(6):26-30
[2] M. Saitoh. Role of string-aesthetics and technology of the beam string structures[A]. Structure,International Journal of Space Structures,1999,Vol.7
[3]齐永胜,刘爱华,周军文,张弦梁结构预应力张拉有限元模拟方法比较,山西建筑,2005(31)9:3-5
[4]白正仙,刘锡良,李义生,单榀张弦梁结构各因数的影响分析,钢结构,2001(16)3:42-46
[5]杨睿,董石麟,倪英戈,预应力张弦梁结构的形态分析——改进的逆迭代法,空间结构,2002(8) 4:29-34
[6]齐永胜,周泓,苏康,用APDL语言解决张弦梁结构找形问题的方法,山西建筑,2004(30)3:20-23
[7] Clark M.J.and Hancock G.J.Tests and Nonliner Analyses of Small-Scale Stressed Arch Frames[R].Research Report, No.R659,School of Civil and Mining,University of Sydney,1992
[8]丁阳,岳增国,刘锡良,大跨度张弦梁结构的地震响应分析,地震工程与工程振动,2003(23)5:164-168
[9]汪大绥,张富林,高承勇等,浦东国际机场(一期工程)航站楼钢结构研究与设计,预应力技术,2004,3:27-32
[10]余学红,姜正荣,王仕统,平面张弦梁结构的受力特点分析,广东土木与建筑,2005,2:20-21
[11]白正仙,刘锡良,李义生,新型空间结构形式——张弦梁结构,空间结构,2001(7)2:33-38
[12] [30] Ikuo Tatemichi, Tatsuo Hatato, Yoshimichi Anma and Satoshi Fujiwara(1997), Vibration Tests on a Full-size Suspen-dome Structure,International Journal of Space Structures, 1997,Vol.12Nos.3&4
[13]李晨光,李洪泉,刘航等,体外预应力空间张弦粱结构的ANSYS仿真,建筑技术开发,2005(32)6:2-13
[14]石开荣,郭正兴,罗斌,环形辐射状预应力张弦梁钢屋盖张拉优化,东南大学学报增刊(I),2005(35):55-60
[15] LSA98 Conference "Light structures in Architecture Engineering and Construction ", 1998, 692-701.
[16]齐永胜,柳胜华,苏康,解决张弦梁结构施工中找形问题的简易方法,山西建筑,2003(29)12:6-9
[17]陈荣毅,董石麟,吴欣之,大跨度预应力张弦桁架的滑移施工,空间结构,2004(10)2:40-43
[18]陈汉翔,张弦梁结构的设计与施工,结构工程师,2004(10)4:25-28
[19]李泽,弓式张弦梁结构设计施工,安装,增刊,2004,8:10-11
[20]吕方宏,沈祖炎,修正的循环迭代法与控制索原长法结合进行杂交空间结构施工控制,建筑结构学报,2005(26)3:92-97
[21]陈广峰,李继雄,林浩,北京农展馆张弦梁施工技术,施工技术,2005(34)7:7-10
[22]焦瑜,宋剑波,周晓峰等,某张弦梁屋盖结构的设计与施工,空间结构,2005(11)9:61-64
[23]王群依,张并锐,张赟,大跨张弦梁结构及施工方法探讨,江苏建筑,2006,4:59-61
[24]朱国梁,深圳市会议展览中心综合施工技术,建筑技术,2006(37)5,331-335
[25]叶继红,赵宪波,张弦梁(桁架)结构两端张拉施工找形方法——分级卸载法,工程力学,2006(23)9:131-140
[26]崔晓强,大型钢结构施工方法和施工力学研究,博士后研究工作报告,上海:同济大学,2004
[27]刘志勇,斜拉桥斜拉索索力测试方法综述,铁道建筑,2007,4:18-20
[28]李忠献,工程结构试验理论与技术,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[29]龙跃,邓年春,朱万旭等,磁通量传感器及其在桥梁监测中的应用,预应力技术,2007,2:3-6
[30]龙跃,邓年春,陆何昆泽,磁通量传感器在预应力环锚监测中的应用,煤炭技术,2007(26)9:114-115
[31]胡利平,凌育洪,脉动法索力测量技术及相关参数分析,中南公路工程,2004(29)4:47-49
[2] M. Saitoh. Role of string-aesthetics and technology of the beam string structures[A]. Structure,International Journal of Space Structures,1999,Vol.7
[3]齐永胜,刘爱华,周军文,张弦梁结构预应力张拉有限元模拟方法比较,山西建筑,2005(31)9:3-5
[4]白正仙,刘锡良,李义生,单榀张弦梁结构各因数的影响分析,钢结构,2001(16)3:42-46
[5]杨睿,董石麟,倪英戈,预应力张弦梁结构的形态分析——改进的逆迭代法,空间结构,2002(8) 4:29-34
[6]齐永胜,周泓,苏康,用APDL语言解决张弦梁结构找形问题的方法,山西建筑,2004(30)3:20-23
[7] Clark M.J.and Hancock G.J.Tests and Nonliner Analyses of Small-Scale Stressed Arch Frames[R].Research Report, No.R659,School of Civil and Mining,University of Sydney,1992
[8]丁阳,岳增国,刘锡良,大跨度张弦梁结构的地震响应分析,地震工程与工程振动,2003(23)5:164-168
[9]汪大绥,张富林,高承勇等,浦东国际机场(一期工程)航站楼钢结构研究与设计,预应力技术,2004,3:27-32
[10]余学红,姜正荣,王仕统,平面张弦梁结构的受力特点分析,广东土木与建筑,2005,2:20-21
[11]白正仙,刘锡良,李义生,新型空间结构形式——张弦梁结构,空间结构,2001(7)2:33-38
[12] [30] Ikuo Tatemichi, Tatsuo Hatato, Yoshimichi Anma and Satoshi Fujiwara(1997), Vibration Tests on a Full-size Suspen-dome Structure,International Journal of Space Structures, 1997,Vol.12Nos.3&4
[13]李晨光,李洪泉,刘航等,体外预应力空间张弦粱结构的ANSYS仿真,建筑技术开发,2005(32)6:2-13
[14]石开荣,郭正兴,罗斌,环形辐射状预应力张弦梁钢屋盖张拉优化,东南大学学报增刊(I),2005(35):55-60
[15] LSA98 Conference "Light structures in Architecture Engineering and Construction ", 1998, 692-701.
[16]齐永胜,柳胜华,苏康,解决张弦梁结构施工中找形问题的简易方法,山西建筑,2003(29)12:6-9
[17]陈荣毅,董石麟,吴欣之,大跨度预应力张弦桁架的滑移施工,空间结构,2004(10)2:40-43
[18]陈汉翔,张弦梁结构的设计与施工,结构工程师,2004(10)4:25-28
[19]李泽,弓式张弦梁结构设计施工,安装,增刊,2004,8:10-11
[20]吕方宏,沈祖炎,修正的循环迭代法与控制索原长法结合进行杂交空间结构施工控制,建筑结构学报,2005(26)3:92-97
[21]陈广峰,李继雄,林浩,北京农展馆张弦梁施工技术,施工技术,2005(34)7:7-10
[22]焦瑜,宋剑波,周晓峰等,某张弦梁屋盖结构的设计与施工,空间结构,2005(11)9:61-64
[23]王群依,张并锐,张赟,大跨张弦梁结构及施工方法探讨,江苏建筑,2006,4:59-61
[24]朱国梁,深圳市会议展览中心综合施工技术,建筑技术,2006(37)5,331-335
[25]叶继红,赵宪波,张弦梁(桁架)结构两端张拉施工找形方法——分级卸载法,工程力学,2006(23)9:131-140
[26]崔晓强,大型钢结构施工方法和施工力学研究,博士后研究工作报告,上海:同济大学,2004
[27]刘志勇,斜拉桥斜拉索索力测试方法综述,铁道建筑,2007,4:18-20
[28]李忠献,工程结构试验理论与技术,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[29]龙跃,邓年春,朱万旭等,磁通量传感器及其在桥梁监测中的应用,预应力技术,2007,2:3-6
[30]龙跃,邓年春,陆何昆泽,磁通量传感器在预应力环锚监测中的应用,煤炭技术,2007(26)9:114-115
[31]胡利平,凌育洪,脉动法索力测量技术及相关参数分析,中南公路工程,2004(29)4:47-49