辽宁省农业合作组织发展研究
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摘要
农业、农村和农民问题,始终是关系中国经济和社会发展全局的重大问题。80年代初我国各地推行了农业经营体制改革,建立了统分结合以家庭承包经营为核心的农户经济,这一制度创新赋予了农民相对稳定的土地使用权,解决了农业发展的基本生产要素——土地的产权问题,在根本上奠定了农业生产的基础,调动了广大农民的生产积极性。但是家庭承包经营制度在客观上造成了我国农户分散经营的弱势。随着农村经济体制改革的深化和我国市场经济体制改革的不断推进,我国农业和农村经济发展面临着这样一个现实。在家庭承包经营这一基本制度下,分散的弱势农户个体与大规模的强势城市现代化经济体系并存。面对竞争激烈的国际与国内市场,分散的弱势农户难以克服其自身的弱点。因此,必须进行制度创新,引导农民加入农业合作组织,提高农民进入市场的组织化程度。
本文在对农民专业合作组织的概念、内涵进行界定的基础上,对相关的理论和国内外实践问题进行了阐述。在对辽宁省农民专业合作组织发展现状及存在的问题进行深入分析后,通过对日、韩及台湾地区农民专业合作组织发展状况的比较分析,并通过对辽宁省农民专业合作经济组织的调查分析,从理论与实证的角度、微观与宏观的不同层面,对由农民按照自愿互利原则创办的农民专业合作组织进行了系统的研究。
Problems concerning agriculture, rural area and farmers have always been the major issues affecting China's overall economic and social development. In the early 80s, many parts of the country carried out the innovation of the agricultural management system and established farmer's economic combined with a Commission sub-contract for the operation of family farmers as the core. This institutional innovation has given farmers a relatively stable land-use rights, settled the basic production factors for the agricultural development the issue of property rights to land, laid a fundamental basis for agricultural production, to mobilize the broad masses of peasants. But the household contract management system objectively results in the decentralized management of households. With the deepening of the rural economic system reform and the continual advancement of China's market economy reform, China's agricultural and rural economic development faced with such a reality. Within the basic household land contract system, scattered individual farmers exists with the large-scale urban modernization economic system. In face of the intensely competitive international and domestic markets, decentralized vulnerable farmers are difficult to overcome the weaknesses of their owns. So, there must be institutional innovation which will guide the farmers to join agricultural cooperative organizations to improve the organizational degree of farmers into the market. On the basis of defining the concept of the professional cooperative organizations of farmers, this paper elaborates the relevant theory and practical issues at home and abroad. By in-depth analyze of the farmers in Liaoning Province in the professional development of cooperative organizations and some existing problems, from the theoretical and empirical point of view, and from micro and macro levels, this paper systematically studies professional organizations of farmers with the principle of voluntary and mutually beneficial cooperation, through comparative study on professional cooperative organizations of farmers in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. based on successful experience in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, combined with the status quo of the farmers in our province to develop specialized cooperative economic organizations, I put forward some policy recommendations about promoting the professional development of cooperative economic organizations among farmers in Liaoning Province.
本文在对农民专业合作组织的概念、内涵进行界定的基础上,对相关的理论和国内外实践问题进行了阐述。在对辽宁省农民专业合作组织发展现状及存在的问题进行深入分析后,通过对日、韩及台湾地区农民专业合作组织发展状况的比较分析,并通过对辽宁省农民专业合作经济组织的调查分析,从理论与实证的角度、微观与宏观的不同层面,对由农民按照自愿互利原则创办的农民专业合作组织进行了系统的研究。
Problems concerning agriculture, rural area and farmers have always been the major issues affecting China's overall economic and social development. In the early 80s, many parts of the country carried out the innovation of the agricultural management system and established farmer's economic combined with a Commission sub-contract for the operation of family farmers as the core. This institutional innovation has given farmers a relatively stable land-use rights, settled the basic production factors for the agricultural development the issue of property rights to land, laid a fundamental basis for agricultural production, to mobilize the broad masses of peasants. But the household contract management system objectively results in the decentralized management of households. With the deepening of the rural economic system reform and the continual advancement of China's market economy reform, China's agricultural and rural economic development faced with such a reality. Within the basic household land contract system, scattered individual farmers exists with the large-scale urban modernization economic system. In face of the intensely competitive international and domestic markets, decentralized vulnerable farmers are difficult to overcome the weaknesses of their owns. So, there must be institutional innovation which will guide the farmers to join agricultural cooperative organizations to improve the organizational degree of farmers into the market. On the basis of defining the concept of the professional cooperative organizations of farmers, this paper elaborates the relevant theory and practical issues at home and abroad. By in-depth analyze of the farmers in Liaoning Province in the professional development of cooperative organizations and some existing problems, from the theoretical and empirical point of view, and from micro and macro levels, this paper systematically studies professional organizations of farmers with the principle of voluntary and mutually beneficial cooperation, through comparative study on professional cooperative organizations of farmers in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. based on successful experience in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, combined with the status quo of the farmers in our province to develop specialized cooperative economic organizations, I put forward some policy recommendations about promoting the professional development of cooperative economic organizations among farmers in Liaoning Province.
引文
[1]傅晨.中国农村合作经济：组织形式与制度变迁[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2006：28.
[2]张晓山,苑鹏.合作经济理论与实践[M].北京：中国城市出版社,1991：19.
[3]孙亚范.新型农民专业合作经济组织发展研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2006：28.
[4]傅晨.中国农村合作经济：组织形式与制度变迁[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2006：31.
[5]毛泽东.毛泽东选集第3卷[M].北京：人民出版社,1991：130-132.
[6]米鸿才.合作社发展简史[M].北京：中共中央党史出版社,1988：183.
[7]赵德馨.中华人民共和国经济史1949-1966[M].郑州：河南人民出版社,1988：494.
[8]马克思恩格思选集,第2卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1995：1321-1333.
[9]马克思恩格思选集,第2卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1995：1321-1333.
[10]马克思恩格思选集,第19卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：29.
[11]马克思恩格思选集,第25卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：497.
[12]马克思恩格思选集,第19卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：443.
[13]辽宁省农经考察团.对日本农协的考察报告[J].农业经济,2002,(10)：21.
[14]范三国.国外的农业合作组织[M].中国社会出版社,2006：51.
[15]傅晨.中国农村合作经济：组织形式与制度变迁[M].中国经济出版社,2006：48.
[16]李显刚,石敏俊.日本农协的历史贡献、存在问题及发展趋势[J].中国农村经济,2001,(3)：35.
[17]Akihisa Nonaka. The Agricultural Structure and Agricultural Co-ops in JaPan[J]. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku region, JaPan,2006.
[18]管爱国.现代世界合作社经济[M].中国农业出版社,2000：53.
[19]Kondo, Yasuo. Kondo Yasuo chosakushu dai 5 kan Kyodoukumiai genron (KondoYasuoworksVol5 Principle of cooperative sosieety), Rural Culture Association, Tokyo,1976.
[20]赵桂芳.论日本农业合作组织及其作用[J].中国农村经济.2000,(5)：33.
[21]方德铸.对韩国农协的考察报告[J].农业发展与金融,2004,(3)：48.
[22]台湾农业探索.福建省农业科学院科技情报研究所,1999,(2)：14-15.
[23]冯开文.借鉴与反思—日本农协近况及其对中国农村合作经济发展的启示[J].农村经营管理,2003,(6)：56.
[24]张素罗.日本农协的发展经验、改革趋势及其对我国农业经营组织化的启示[J].农业经济,2002,(4)：27.
[25]王健敏.日本农协的发展经验及其对我国的启示[J].世界农业,2002,(4)：39.
[26]刘建.日本农协发展对我国农村专业经济协会的启示[J].农业经济,2005,(7)：47.
[27]吴庄莹.日本农协及其对重构我国农村合作经济组织的启示[J].台湾农业探索,2005,(3)：14.
[28]徐瑜青,张云静.日本农协及其对我国西部地区农村合作经济的启示[J].农业经济,2004,(4)：32.
[29]熊志根,孙诚.国外农业微观组织演变特点及启示[J].经济纵横.2006,(H)：28.
[30]逢玉静,任大鹏.欧美农业合作社的演进及其对我国农业合作社发展的启示[J].经济问题,2005,(12)：63.
[31]王礼力,邱爱军.西方合作经济发展中的政府干预及启示[J].农村经营管理,2004,(8)： 57.
[32]傅晨.“新一代合作社”合作社制度创新的源泉[J].中国农村经济,2003,(6)：19.
[33]熊志根,孙诚.国外农业微观组织演变特点及启示[J].经济纵横,2006,(H)：26.
[34]中共中央文献研究室.十七大报告[M].北京：人民出版社,2007：14.
[2]张晓山,苑鹏.合作经济理论与实践[M].北京：中国城市出版社,1991：19.
[3]孙亚范.新型农民专业合作经济组织发展研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2006：28.
[4]傅晨.中国农村合作经济：组织形式与制度变迁[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2006：31.
[5]毛泽东.毛泽东选集第3卷[M].北京：人民出版社,1991：130-132.
[6]米鸿才.合作社发展简史[M].北京：中共中央党史出版社,1988：183.
[7]赵德馨.中华人民共和国经济史1949-1966[M].郑州：河南人民出版社,1988：494.
[8]马克思恩格思选集,第2卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1995：1321-1333.
[9]马克思恩格思选集,第2卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1995：1321-1333.
[10]马克思恩格思选集,第19卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：29.
[11]马克思恩格思选集,第25卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：497.
[12]马克思恩格思选集,第19卷[C].北京：人民出版社,1960：443.
[13]辽宁省农经考察团.对日本农协的考察报告[J].农业经济,2002,(10)：21.
[14]范三国.国外的农业合作组织[M].中国社会出版社,2006：51.
[15]傅晨.中国农村合作经济：组织形式与制度变迁[M].中国经济出版社,2006：48.
[16]李显刚,石敏俊.日本农协的历史贡献、存在问题及发展趋势[J].中国农村经济,2001,(3)：35.
[17]Akihisa Nonaka. The Agricultural Structure and Agricultural Co-ops in JaPan[J]. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku region, JaPan,2006.
[18]管爱国.现代世界合作社经济[M].中国农业出版社,2000：53.
[19]Kondo, Yasuo. Kondo Yasuo chosakushu dai 5 kan Kyodoukumiai genron (KondoYasuoworksVol5 Principle of cooperative sosieety), Rural Culture Association, Tokyo,1976.
[20]赵桂芳.论日本农业合作组织及其作用[J].中国农村经济.2000,(5)：33.
[21]方德铸.对韩国农协的考察报告[J].农业发展与金融,2004,(3)：48.
[22]台湾农业探索.福建省农业科学院科技情报研究所,1999,(2)：14-15.
[23]冯开文.借鉴与反思—日本农协近况及其对中国农村合作经济发展的启示[J].农村经营管理,2003,(6)：56.
[24]张素罗.日本农协的发展经验、改革趋势及其对我国农业经营组织化的启示[J].农业经济,2002,(4)：27.
[25]王健敏.日本农协的发展经验及其对我国的启示[J].世界农业,2002,(4)：39.
[26]刘建.日本农协发展对我国农村专业经济协会的启示[J].农业经济,2005,(7)：47.
[27]吴庄莹.日本农协及其对重构我国农村合作经济组织的启示[J].台湾农业探索,2005,(3)：14.
[28]徐瑜青,张云静.日本农协及其对我国西部地区农村合作经济的启示[J].农业经济,2004,(4)：32.
[29]熊志根,孙诚.国外农业微观组织演变特点及启示[J].经济纵横.2006,(H)：28.
[30]逢玉静,任大鹏.欧美农业合作社的演进及其对我国农业合作社发展的启示[J].经济问题,2005,(12)：63.
[31]王礼力,邱爱军.西方合作经济发展中的政府干预及启示[J].农村经营管理,2004,(8)： 57.
[32]傅晨.“新一代合作社”合作社制度创新的源泉[J].中国农村经济,2003,(6)：19.
[33]熊志根,孙诚.国外农业微观组织演变特点及启示[J].经济纵横,2006,(H)：26.
[34]中共中央文献研究室.十七大报告[M].北京：人民出版社,2007：14.