别墅庭园景观设计探讨
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的良性持续发展和城市的建设与发展,新建别墅区如雨后春笋般拔地而起,别墅以其返璞归真、亲近自然、追求人与自然和谐相处的理念日益受到人们的青睐。住宅配套环境的优良与否,构成了评审居住地生活总体价值的一个重要组成部分,别墅庭园作为私属景观的主载体,其设计方法需要不断更新,以满足人们对居住环境品质和内涵的高要求。从现代居住意义来看,如今的别墅开发不再单只注重建筑的设计,配套环境已成为开发商销售的重点,别墅区环境景观设计应该是重视建筑和景观的综合性设计。现在的庭园景观设计不再是早期简单理解上的绿化设计,亦不仅仅是房地产开发中的一个无足轻重的环节,景观的成功塑造将很有可能在今后的销售效果上成为不可或缺的点睛之笔。这种居住理念的转变,将引领别墅区环境景观设计走向新的方向。因此,别墅庭园景观设计的发展趋势是今后研究的重要课题。
由于我国现代庭园起步晚,对现代庭园的研究还不够系统和重视,目前国内对于别墅庭园景观设计的研究比较零散,并没有系统地针对别墅庭园景观设计的方法和思路,本文针对这种现状以南京地区的别墅为主要研究载体,重点研究别墅庭园设计的方法、原则和要素,从别墅庭园的属性范畴入手,分析其功能、特点、景观元素、空间构成与建筑布局的关系以及各造园要素的组合关系等,并进行案例的横向和竖向分析比较,对现状的别墅庭园景观设计手法进行了归纳总结,为今后别墅庭园景观的设计提供了一定的设计参考。
通过对别墅庭园景观的研究,笔者得知庭园景观设计变化万千,优秀的庭园景观设计作品应该是紧跟时代潮流发展,是功能、文化、艺术、技术以及生态科学完美结合的产物。在设计过程中,只要把握住“造园无格,以人为本,师法美学,回归自然,创意无尽”这一设计理念,就能满足不同层次对庭园景观的不同需求。“造园无格,以人为本”是造园的前提,是根本；“师法美学,回归自然,创意无尽”是造园的艺术淋漓发挥,是庭园设计风格的展现。成功的庭园景观设计应同时具备观赏价值和实用价值。
With the sustainable economic development and urban construction advancement, newly built villa gardens have been springing up and increasingly favored by people in light of the modern living concept of "simplicity, nature and pursuing the harmony between human and nature". Residential supporting environment is the key factor in evaluating the overall value of the villa-garden residence. As the vector of private landscape, the design procedures of villa gardens need to be continuously renewed, so as to satisfy people's demand for high quality of living environment. In terms of the modern living concept, emphasis is not only put on the villas'design, but also on the Residential supporting environment of the villa gardens in the course of villa gardens' development, which increasingly lay out the claim for integrity design, that is,both villa design and landscape design. Nowadays the landscape design is no longer the greening design in early time, but a indispensable part in real estate development. Furthermore, the design of landscape is very likely to be the decisive factor which determines the success and failure of the future real estate sales. Therefore, the trend of the villa garden's landscape design could be an important subject of further research.
Due to the lack of systematical research on the modern villa gardens design domestically, this thesis puts emphasis on the methods, principles and factors in villa garden's design with the research objects of the villas in Nanjing, analyzing the functions, features, landscape elements, relations between spatial distribution and architectural composition, and combinative relationship among each elements, giving a lateral and vertical comparison on the established cases, drawing a conclusion on the current villa gardens design methods, so as to provide a reference to the villa garden design henceforth.
By means of the research on the villa garden's design, the author becomes aware that excellent design works are ever-changing, and perfect combinations among function, culture,art, techniques and ecology, and should keep in step with the trend of the times. In the process of design, we should adhere to the concept of "people-oriented without standard form, aesthetic, back to nature, creative". "people-oriented without standard form" is the fundamental factor while "aesthetic, back to nature, creative" is art factor, which presents the design style. A successful villa gardens'design should combine the two factors. of to appreciate and practicable..
由于我国现代庭园起步晚,对现代庭园的研究还不够系统和重视,目前国内对于别墅庭园景观设计的研究比较零散,并没有系统地针对别墅庭园景观设计的方法和思路,本文针对这种现状以南京地区的别墅为主要研究载体,重点研究别墅庭园设计的方法、原则和要素,从别墅庭园的属性范畴入手,分析其功能、特点、景观元素、空间构成与建筑布局的关系以及各造园要素的组合关系等,并进行案例的横向和竖向分析比较,对现状的别墅庭园景观设计手法进行了归纳总结,为今后别墅庭园景观的设计提供了一定的设计参考。
通过对别墅庭园景观的研究,笔者得知庭园景观设计变化万千,优秀的庭园景观设计作品应该是紧跟时代潮流发展,是功能、文化、艺术、技术以及生态科学完美结合的产物。在设计过程中,只要把握住“造园无格,以人为本,师法美学,回归自然,创意无尽”这一设计理念,就能满足不同层次对庭园景观的不同需求。“造园无格,以人为本”是造园的前提,是根本；“师法美学,回归自然,创意无尽”是造园的艺术淋漓发挥,是庭园设计风格的展现。成功的庭园景观设计应同时具备观赏价值和实用价值。
With the sustainable economic development and urban construction advancement, newly built villa gardens have been springing up and increasingly favored by people in light of the modern living concept of "simplicity, nature and pursuing the harmony between human and nature". Residential supporting environment is the key factor in evaluating the overall value of the villa-garden residence. As the vector of private landscape, the design procedures of villa gardens need to be continuously renewed, so as to satisfy people's demand for high quality of living environment. In terms of the modern living concept, emphasis is not only put on the villas'design, but also on the Residential supporting environment of the villa gardens in the course of villa gardens' development, which increasingly lay out the claim for integrity design, that is,both villa design and landscape design. Nowadays the landscape design is no longer the greening design in early time, but a indispensable part in real estate development. Furthermore, the design of landscape is very likely to be the decisive factor which determines the success and failure of the future real estate sales. Therefore, the trend of the villa garden's landscape design could be an important subject of further research.
Due to the lack of systematical research on the modern villa gardens design domestically, this thesis puts emphasis on the methods, principles and factors in villa garden's design with the research objects of the villas in Nanjing, analyzing the functions, features, landscape elements, relations between spatial distribution and architectural composition, and combinative relationship among each elements, giving a lateral and vertical comparison on the established cases, drawing a conclusion on the current villa gardens design methods, so as to provide a reference to the villa garden design henceforth.
By means of the research on the villa garden's design, the author becomes aware that excellent design works are ever-changing, and perfect combinations among function, culture,art, techniques and ecology, and should keep in step with the trend of the times. In the process of design, we should adhere to the concept of "people-oriented without standard form, aesthetic, back to nature, creative". "people-oriented without standard form" is the fundamental factor while "aesthetic, back to nature, creative" is art factor, which presents the design style. A successful villa gardens'design should combine the two factors. of to appreciate and practicable..
引文
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[3]任军.文化视野下的中国传统庭院[M],天津大学出版社,2005.7：5
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[9]李海霞.别墅庭院景观设计[D].安徽：合肥工业大学.2009.4：4-5
[10]赵洁梅.城郊低密度居住区景规规划设计探析[D].南京：东南大学,2006.12：9-11
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[12]陈掑.庭园设计图典[M].化学工业出版社,2009.6：7-9
[13]徐峰,刘盈,牛泽慧.小庭园设计与施工[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006.3：27-32
[14]叶莺.现代墓园的情感设计研究[D].武汉：华中农业大学,2006.12：23
[15]徐磊青,杨公侠.环境心理学[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2002.6：55-56
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[18]凌德麟,周春垣.台湾传统庭园形式之演变与发展[J].第五届海峡两岸科技与经济论,2006.1：249
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[20]韩新英.园林植物与观赏园艺[D].山东：山东农业大学硕士论文,2007.12：49
[21]翟艳.庭院文化空间与设计元素的研究[D].北京：中央美术学院硕士论文,2007.6：35
[22](日)歹于彳岁夕社编.刘震等译.家庭花卉园艺[M].郑州：河南科学技术出版社,2000.8：6-8
[23]林春华.新奇观赏蔬菜[M].广东：广东科学技术出版社,2002.2：71
[24]刘彦红,刘永东.我的私家小庭院[M].江苏科学技术出版社,2010.1：20
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[27]王向荣,林箐.西方现代景观设计的理论与实践[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.7：21
[28]Maria Papaioannou. Domestic Architecture of Roman Greece. [dissertation] Thessalonike:the Aristotelian University,1982:1-30,
[29]汤晓燕.浅谈家居庭园设计[J].广东园林,2006.6(28)：31
[30]朴永吉,刘仁英.观赏蔬菜的分类及园林应用形式研究[D].山东：山东农业大学硕士论文,2006.11：5-8
[31]陈鹭.城市居住区园林环境研究[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2007.5：172
[32]彭璐,韦松林.解析现代别墅园林环境[J].农业与技术,2008.6(3)：29-31
[33]李映彤.私家庭园[M].南昌：江西科学出版社,2002.12：29
[34]金柏苓,张爱华.园林景观设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.12：78-79
[35]罗宾·威廉姆斯编著(英),郭春华译.小庭园设计[M].贵州科技出版社,2001.9：22
[36]陈学似.景观设计的误区[J].中国园林,2000.3：26-28
[37]陈乐谓.浅析居住区环境空问的人性化设计[J].湖南林业科技,2008,Vol35.No 1：68
[38]叶玲玲.理性的回归——浅析居住区的环境景观[J].福建建筑,2007.8：18
[39]张振.现代开放式空间的功能定位[J].中国园林,2004.8：30-31
[40]居住区环境景观设计导则(试行稿)http://www.chinahouse gov,cn//sfgc2/z0010.htm
[41]周宝娟.别墅区环境景观嫁、核、轴设计研究[D].南京林业大学,2009.6：33
[42]丰明高.城市居住区人文景观的设计与创新[J].华中科技大学学报,2002.19(4)：44-45
[43]Brown TC, Daniel T C. Predicting scenic beauty of timber stands. Forest Science, 1986,32(2):471-487
[44]王丽.城市住区景观环境中的植被设计探析.安徽建筑,2005(5)：41-42
[45]诺曼·K-布恩著,曹礼昆译.风景园林设计要素[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1989.9：90-93
[46]刘先觉.阿尔瓦·阿尔托——国外著名建筑师丛书[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998.3：78-80
[47]魏贻铮.庭园设计典例[M].福建：中国林业出版社,2001.1(2)：10-11
[48]李品.私家别墅花园景观设计精致化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008(36)：231-234
[49]何娟.浅议小庭园设计[J].黔南民族职业技术学院,2009.2(3)：57
[49]贾小叶.庭院的气候适应性设计策略研究[D].北京：北京建筑工程学院,2009.6：43-46
[50]Rem Koolhaas. Bruce Mau. Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large. New York:Monacelli Press, 1995.5:367
[2]杜汝俭,李恩山,刘管平.园林建筑设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1986.5：91
[3]任军.文化视野下的中国传统庭院[M],天津大学出版社,2005.7：5
[4]陈植.陈植造园文集[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1988.6：189
[5]曹林娣.中国园林艺术文化[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.9：4
[6]陈从周.说园[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2007.4：2
[7]潘谷西.江南理景艺术[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2001.3：1
[8]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计专业学科与教育[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.9：12
[9]李海霞.别墅庭院景观设计[D].安徽：合肥工业大学.2009.4：4-5
[10]赵洁梅.城郊低密度居住区景规规划设计探析[D].南京：东南大学,2006.12：9-11
[11]胡长龙..园林规划设计[M](上册).中国农业出版社,2002.7：：9-10
[12]陈掑.庭园设计图典[M].化学工业出版社,2009.6：7-9
[13]徐峰,刘盈,牛泽慧.小庭园设计与施工[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006.3：27-32
[14]叶莺.现代墓园的情感设计研究[D].武汉：华中农业大学,2006.12：23
[15]徐磊青,杨公侠.环境心理学[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2002.6：55-56
[16]Arthur LM. Predicting scenic beauty of forest nvironments:Some empirical tests. Forest Science, 1977,23(2):151—160
[17]刘海鸥.西方现代庭园的初步研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2004.6：2
[18]凌德麟,周春垣.台湾传统庭园形式之演变与发展[J].第五届海峡两岸科技与经济论,2006.1：249
[19]白居展.庭院设计与主人心理需求关系的研究[D].山东：山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文,2009.12.：37
[20]韩新英.园林植物与观赏园艺[D].山东：山东农业大学硕士论文,2007.12：49
[21]翟艳.庭院文化空间与设计元素的研究[D].北京：中央美术学院硕士论文,2007.6：35
[22](日)歹于彳岁夕社编.刘震等译.家庭花卉园艺[M].郑州：河南科学技术出版社,2000.8：6-8
[23]林春华.新奇观赏蔬菜[M].广东：广东科学技术出版社,2002.2：71
[24]刘彦红,刘永东.我的私家小庭院[M].江苏科学技术出版社,2010.1：20
[25]高永刚.庭院设计[M]..上海文化出版社,2005.8：5-6
[26]陈俊愉,刘师汉.园林花卉[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1980.11：25-29
[27]王向荣,林箐.西方现代景观设计的理论与实践[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.7：21
[28]Maria Papaioannou. Domestic Architecture of Roman Greece. [dissertation] Thessalonike:the Aristotelian University,1982:1-30,
[29]汤晓燕.浅谈家居庭园设计[J].广东园林,2006.6(28)：31
[30]朴永吉,刘仁英.观赏蔬菜的分类及园林应用形式研究[D].山东：山东农业大学硕士论文,2006.11：5-8
[31]陈鹭.城市居住区园林环境研究[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2007.5：172
[32]彭璐,韦松林.解析现代别墅园林环境[J].农业与技术,2008.6(3)：29-31
[33]李映彤.私家庭园[M].南昌：江西科学出版社,2002.12：29
[34]金柏苓,张爱华.园林景观设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.12：78-79
[35]罗宾·威廉姆斯编著(英),郭春华译.小庭园设计[M].贵州科技出版社,2001.9：22
[36]陈学似.景观设计的误区[J].中国园林,2000.3：26-28
[37]陈乐谓.浅析居住区环境空问的人性化设计[J].湖南林业科技,2008,Vol35.No 1：68
[38]叶玲玲.理性的回归——浅析居住区的环境景观[J].福建建筑,2007.8：18
[39]张振.现代开放式空间的功能定位[J].中国园林,2004.8：30-31
[40]居住区环境景观设计导则(试行稿)http://www.chinahouse gov,cn//sfgc2/z0010.htm
[41]周宝娟.别墅区环境景观嫁、核、轴设计研究[D].南京林业大学,2009.6：33
[42]丰明高.城市居住区人文景观的设计与创新[J].华中科技大学学报,2002.19(4)：44-45
[43]Brown TC, Daniel T C. Predicting scenic beauty of timber stands. Forest Science, 1986,32(2):471-487
[44]王丽.城市住区景观环境中的植被设计探析.安徽建筑,2005(5)：41-42
[45]诺曼·K-布恩著,曹礼昆译.风景园林设计要素[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1989.9：90-93
[46]刘先觉.阿尔瓦·阿尔托——国外著名建筑师丛书[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998.3：78-80
[47]魏贻铮.庭园设计典例[M].福建：中国林业出版社,2001.1(2)：10-11
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