《桥头眺望》中的文化冲突及其悲剧色彩
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
阿瑟·米勒是美国当代著名现实主义剧作家,同时也是一位出色的戏剧理论家,其代表作《推销员之死》使之蜚声二战后的世界剧坛,在中国也是家喻户晓,他的优秀论文已由密执安大学文学教授罗伯特·马丁汇编成《阿瑟·米勒戏剧论文集》,于1978年出版。
     本文旨在从社会文化和个体心理两个角度,分别运用米勒的社会剧理论和悲剧理论,结合后现代精神分析批评家诺尔曼·N·霍兰德的“人格理论”和精神分析美学的创始人西格蒙德·弗罗伊德的“无意识理论”,深入探讨米勒于1956年上演的两幕社会道德剧《桥头眺望》中由于异族道德观念的冲突和个体复杂的内在矛盾所引发的人生悲剧。本文以剧中20世纪30年代美国布鲁克林区意大利移民的生活为背景,以意大利西西里传统文化习俗、价值观念和行为准则对当代美国意大利移民的影响为依托,剖析西西里人独特的思考和行为方式与美国本土现代法律意识冲突、交流、融合的过程,在此基础上进一步探索亚里斯多德以来人们所关心的人类存在的本质问题,挖掘造成悲剧的心理根源,从而以小见大地指出:在以“和平、发展”为主题的21世纪,不同地域、不同种族、不同文化的人们应该从异族文化中取其精华、去其糟粕,使全人类互通有无、取长补短、和平共处。
Arthur Miller is the most important postwar realistic playwright and excellent dramatic theoretician in the United States. His most successful play Death of a Salesman established him as the leading playwright of his time. And the collection of his essays The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller was edited and published in 1978.
    This paper, based on Miller's theories of social play and modern tragedy,
    employs; Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis and Norman N.Holland's postmodern psychoanalysis to discuss the life tragedy of the protagonist in his two-act play A View from the Bridge, which explores the cultural collision and individual unconsciousness. The play sets the life of Italian immigrants in Brooklyn, America, as the social cultural background, revealing the Sicilian cultural traditions and social values, and shows the differences between Sicilian morals and American modern law, analyzing the process of collision, exchange and co-existence within different cultural and individual psychology. The paper tries to highlight that people from different regions, races and cultures should absorb the advantages of each other, and contribute to a peaceful and glorious human world.
引文
1. Bressler, E. Charles. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Prentice Hall, Ebglewood Clifffs, New Jersey.1994: 15
    2. 5、8 Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller,Editor's Introduction. New York: Viking Press. 1978: ⅹⅵ、ⅹⅶ、ⅹⅸ
    3.60吴富恒,王誉公.《美国作家论》(On American Writers).山东教育出版社.1999:1175、1173
    4. Robert Lecker, Jack David, and Peter O'Brien. Introduction to Literature: British, American, Canadian. Harper & Row, Publishers,New York. 1987: 577
    6. 11、51 Miller, Arthur. A View From the Bridge. New York, Viking Press. 1960: ⅶ、Ⅰ、ⅳ
    7. Bigsby, Christopher. The Cambridge Companion to Arthur Miller.Cambridge University Ptess. 1999: 101
    8.49阿瑟米勒.《时移世变》(Timebends).格罗夫出版社.1987:108、342
    9. Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller, Introduction to the Collected Plays. New York: Viking Press. 1978: 169
    10. James J. Martine. Critical Essays on Arthur killer. G>K>Hall&Co.Boston, Massachusette. 1979: 109
    11. 13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、34、36、38、39、40、
    
    41、42、43、45、46、47 Miller, Arthur. A View from the Bridge: A Play in Two Act. London: Cresset. 1957: 3-4、3-4、102、3-4、3-4、121、96、21、21、86、60、43、35、60、61、59、60、60、63、63、41
    12.23、霍兰德·N·诺曼.《后现代精神分析》(Postmodern Psychoanalysis).潘国庆.上海文艺出版社.1997:262
    13.25、26 蒋孔阳,朱立元.《西方美学通史》,第六卷 二十世纪美学(下).上海文艺出版社.1999:348、351、349
    14. 27、Miller, Arthur. A View From the Bridge. New York, Viking Press. 1955: 84
    15. 28、Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller,Introduction to A View From the Bridge. New York: Viking Press.1978: 222
    16.29、陈瑞兰,杨淮生.《阿瑟·米勒论据散文》.文化生活译丛ⅩⅢ.1987:27
    17.30、汪义群.《当代美国戏剧》.上海外语教育出版社.1992:95
    18.31、凯涩琳·休斯.《当代美国剧作家》.谢榕津译.中国戏剧出版社.1982:58-59
    19.32、弗罗伊德.《精神分析引论》.商务印书馆.1984:8-9
    20.33、37、44 蒋孔阳,朱立元.《西方美学通史》,第六卷 二十世纪美学(上).上海文艺出版社.1999:267、268、270
    21.35、在美国俚语中分别有“同性恋”、“女歌手”的含义,常被用来诽谤同性恋者
    22. 48、58、59Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller.New York: Viking Press. 1978: 256-66、11、11
    
    
    23. 50、Matthew C. Roudane, ed, Conversations with Arthur Miller,Jackson: University Press of Mississippa. 1987: 374 52 Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography; 5: The New Consciousness, 1941-1968. Detroit; Michigan: Gale Research Co. 1987: 369
    24. 53、55、57 Matthew C. Roudane, ed, Conversations with Arthur Miller, Jackson: University Press of Mississippa, 1987: 366、262、192
    25. 54、Christopher Bigsby. Arthur Miller and Company,London: Methuen. 1990: 113
    26. 56、Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller, On Social Plays. New York: Viking Press. 1978: 59
    27.61、郑克鲁.《外国文学史》(上).高等教育出版社.2000:29
    28.62、罗志野.《西方文学批评史》.广西师范大学出版社.1991:27
    29. 63、Theatre Arts "a look at London Season", XLI 1975, 5: 29
    30. 64、Martin A. Robert. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller, The Nature of Tragedy. New York: Viking Press. 1978: 11

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700