基于电磁耦合的汽车TPMS无源系统的研究
摘要
汽车轮胎压力检测系统(TPMS)关乎行车的安全,已成为汽车不可缺少的组成部分。由于工作条件及方式的特殊性,传统有源TPMS可靠性及使用寿命都有一定的限制,所以无源TPMS的开发迫在眉睫。
近几年来,国内外的许多组织和单位投入了大量的人力和物力从事无源TPMS的研究,分别在压电、声表面波及电磁耦合等多个方向做了很多工作,也有相应的产品被开发出来。
本文在射频识别系统原理研究的基础上,针对目前轮胎压力监测系统(Tire Pressure Monitoring System,以下简称TPMS)的不足,设计了一种新型的无源TPMS,并通过试验及电路仿真,对系统方案的可行性进行了验证。
本文分别从阅读器和应答器两部分介绍汽车轮胎传感器的组成及组件方案,通过对两部分组件的性能分析及比较对系统组件进行了选择。结合射频识别系统工作原理分析当前TPMS的工作原理,本文对系统的磁场产生装置:信号发生器进行了硬件设计以及对耦合装置天线进行了参数的设计。通过试验选定储能元件超级电容的型号。最后,通过谐振回路等效电路模型,结合设计天线优选参数,构造模拟仿真试验台,进行仿真试验,验证电磁耦合实现无源的可行性。
Tires are the most important security components of the vehicle run system,and its performance has a direct impact on the performance of the vehicle and traffic safety.Keeping normal pressure ,a vehicle will run steadily,safely,using lesser fuel and so it will be a comfortable trip,at the same time ,a longer life-span tire,and lower cost.To achieve these,TPMS—automobile tire pressure monitoring system is the best tool beyond all doubt.
Basically,lithium batteries supply energy to emitter of the sensor in current TPMS,which is setted inside of tires.It is complex inside tires:160 0 C temperature and 507~810KPa pressure as high-speed rotation.So TPMS is related to many factors like Centrifugal Acceleration,Dynamic Blance of tires,high temperature , life-span and capacitance of batteries and so on,that result in many abuse such as limited life-span of tires,decreased capacitance of batteries when temperature decreases,environment problems made by castoff of batteries.If the moudule inside tires have no batteries,all of above problems can work out.
Of all the passing passive projects,electromagnetism coupling has nothing to do with the mysterious high-end technology and it has a low efficiency of energy transfer,but it very suit for passive TPMS development for its mature theory base, the cheap material and it has no impact on the object state that transferring energy by wave.Because of the above reasons,I had a systemic study about TPMS’s passive project by electromagnetism coupling.
I analyse and compare coupling characteristics of every frequency band through learning from the theory of distant coupling IC card of the noncontact IC cards in the base of studying about RF reader and labels in the paper.At last,combining the complex electromagnetic environment .And the I designed the electromagnentism coupling TPMS passive system being dead against low frequency.
First power consumption of the existing module was analyzed,and lower power consumption system was weaved in the paper.And then the no battery part was designed emphasizely aim at the plan.Energy transfers of coupling antenna was designed and analyzed emphasizely aiming at finding the best coupling coefficient and the best quality submultiple that can improve the efficiency of energy transfers.Lastly simulation experiment of designed hardware system was done. Main contents listed below:
1. The study of low power consumption TPMS
The system project was fixed on through studying the existing module and comparing the performance and consumpation on emission,take-over and controlling department of a number of manufacturers and types.SP12 adding MCU adding TDK5100 is the tire module. MCU is PIC16F628A which come from Microsoft (SOIC encapsulation).
2. The designing of hardware circuit of no battery part of TPMS
Wheras the project is in its beginning,predigested designing method was chosed.Only design the signal generator which can have a magnetic field for the antenna to couple.I chosed the Function Generator ICL8038 to produce sine wave which is then magnified by magnifier of D and meet the resonpance loop in series.Looking like this ,it would have a strong current to emission the electromagnetic wave and produce the need magnetic field.The power part contains coupling antenna,Rectifier filter circuit,Limiting circuit and Supercapacitor.The antenna was designed more detailed in the paper.
3. Simulation experiments
Through creating equivalent circuit model of passive electromagnetic coupling circuit and combining selection parameters, simulation experiments table is built,and the simulation is done. Adjusting parameters of the hardware circuit by observing the wave that created in simulation experiments, would make it to be the best.
4. Energy programme
TPMS operation of the system by the time the calculation and tire rotation of the reported non-energy radio frequency system and the continuity of low efficiency of energy transfer restrictions , that must use the use of storage elements. By comparing the performance of the storage elements choose a new super-capacitor energy storage devices. Ultracapacitor then calculated the necessary capacity, the initial choice of super capacitor model, then the different models and super capacitor parallel super capacitor charging and discharging performance tests, to further define the use of the super capacitor models and methods.
5. The realization of the structure
By studying tire structure and the surrounding environment, and decided to the installation location of launch module and coupling module.Conmining with the installation position,I considered anti-jamming measures on hardware and software.
近几年来,国内外的许多组织和单位投入了大量的人力和物力从事无源TPMS的研究,分别在压电、声表面波及电磁耦合等多个方向做了很多工作,也有相应的产品被开发出来。
本文在射频识别系统原理研究的基础上,针对目前轮胎压力监测系统(Tire Pressure Monitoring System,以下简称TPMS)的不足,设计了一种新型的无源TPMS,并通过试验及电路仿真,对系统方案的可行性进行了验证。
本文分别从阅读器和应答器两部分介绍汽车轮胎传感器的组成及组件方案,通过对两部分组件的性能分析及比较对系统组件进行了选择。结合射频识别系统工作原理分析当前TPMS的工作原理,本文对系统的磁场产生装置:信号发生器进行了硬件设计以及对耦合装置天线进行了参数的设计。通过试验选定储能元件超级电容的型号。最后,通过谐振回路等效电路模型,结合设计天线优选参数,构造模拟仿真试验台,进行仿真试验,验证电磁耦合实现无源的可行性。
Tires are the most important security components of the vehicle run system,and its performance has a direct impact on the performance of the vehicle and traffic safety.Keeping normal pressure ,a vehicle will run steadily,safely,using lesser fuel and so it will be a comfortable trip,at the same time ,a longer life-span tire,and lower cost.To achieve these,TPMS—automobile tire pressure monitoring system is the best tool beyond all doubt.
Basically,lithium batteries supply energy to emitter of the sensor in current TPMS,which is setted inside of tires.It is complex inside tires:160 0 C temperature and 507~810KPa pressure as high-speed rotation.So TPMS is related to many factors like Centrifugal Acceleration,Dynamic Blance of tires,high temperature , life-span and capacitance of batteries and so on,that result in many abuse such as limited life-span of tires,decreased capacitance of batteries when temperature decreases,environment problems made by castoff of batteries.If the moudule inside tires have no batteries,all of above problems can work out.
Of all the passing passive projects,electromagnetism coupling has nothing to do with the mysterious high-end technology and it has a low efficiency of energy transfer,but it very suit for passive TPMS development for its mature theory base, the cheap material and it has no impact on the object state that transferring energy by wave.Because of the above reasons,I had a systemic study about TPMS’s passive project by electromagnetism coupling.
I analyse and compare coupling characteristics of every frequency band through learning from the theory of distant coupling IC card of the noncontact IC cards in the base of studying about RF reader and labels in the paper.At last,combining the complex electromagnetic environment .And the I designed the electromagnentism coupling TPMS passive system being dead against low frequency.
First power consumption of the existing module was analyzed,and lower power consumption system was weaved in the paper.And then the no battery part was designed emphasizely aim at the plan.Energy transfers of coupling antenna was designed and analyzed emphasizely aiming at finding the best coupling coefficient and the best quality submultiple that can improve the efficiency of energy transfers.Lastly simulation experiment of designed hardware system was done. Main contents listed below:
1. The study of low power consumption TPMS
The system project was fixed on through studying the existing module and comparing the performance and consumpation on emission,take-over and controlling department of a number of manufacturers and types.SP12 adding MCU adding TDK5100 is the tire module. MCU is PIC16F628A which come from Microsoft (SOIC encapsulation).
2. The designing of hardware circuit of no battery part of TPMS
Wheras the project is in its beginning,predigested designing method was chosed.Only design the signal generator which can have a magnetic field for the antenna to couple.I chosed the Function Generator ICL8038 to produce sine wave which is then magnified by magnifier of D and meet the resonpance loop in series.Looking like this ,it would have a strong current to emission the electromagnetic wave and produce the need magnetic field.The power part contains coupling antenna,Rectifier filter circuit,Limiting circuit and Supercapacitor.The antenna was designed more detailed in the paper.
3. Simulation experiments
Through creating equivalent circuit model of passive electromagnetic coupling circuit and combining selection parameters, simulation experiments table is built,and the simulation is done. Adjusting parameters of the hardware circuit by observing the wave that created in simulation experiments, would make it to be the best.
4. Energy programme
TPMS operation of the system by the time the calculation and tire rotation of the reported non-energy radio frequency system and the continuity of low efficiency of energy transfer restrictions , that must use the use of storage elements. By comparing the performance of the storage elements choose a new super-capacitor energy storage devices. Ultracapacitor then calculated the necessary capacity, the initial choice of super capacitor model, then the different models and super capacitor parallel super capacitor charging and discharging performance tests, to further define the use of the super capacitor models and methods.
5. The realization of the structure
By studying tire structure and the surrounding environment, and decided to the installation location of launch module and coupling module.Conmining with the installation position,I considered anti-jamming measures on hardware and software.
引文
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[13]Printed on recycled paper.4511F-RKE-07/04.
[14]魏柠柠.TPMS汽车胎压监测系统的关键技术研究和工程实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文.指导老师:金向东.
[15]SP12芯片技术手册.
[16]DS40044A.Preliminary.2002 Microchip Technology inc.
[17]金爱武.直接式TPMS轮胎压力监测系统设计.驶安特汽车电子有限公司.
[18]颜重光:汽车胎压监视系统的设计方案思考[EB/OL].
[19] Abrial AJacky B,A new contactless smart card IC using an orrchip and asynchronous ,(J).IEEE Journal of Solid_State Circuit.
[20]陈抗生;应用电磁学[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.
[21]李富玉,李浙昆(昆明理工大学机械电子工程学院).射频识别(RFID)系统的频段特 性 及 其 应 用 现 状 分 析 .Science and Technology Consulting Herald( 科 技 咨 询 导报).2007.NO.09.
[22]希玉九.电子标签(RFID)技术及其实用的频率[J].中国无线电,2004(1).
[23]童诗白.模拟电子技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[24]姚行洲.ICL8038 原理及应用[J].北京广播电视大学报,1999,(1).
[25]周云波.ICL8038 扫描信号发生器.陕西宝鸡.《现代电子技术》.
[26]刘阳.精密波形发生器 ICL8038[J].国外电子元器件,1995,(11).
[27]陈立定.由 ICL8038 制作的多波形信号发生器[J].国外电子元器件, 1999,(3).
[28] Sinha B K.Elastic Wave in Crystals under a Bias[J].FerroeIectrics.1982,41(1-4).
[29] TPMS Pressure Sensor Specification. GE Nova Sensor.Inc.2003.
[30]C.Halfmann, M.Ayoubi,H.Holzmann. Supervision of Vehicles’Tire Pressures by Measurement of Body Accelerations.1997.
[31] POST OFFICE BOX 655303,DALLAS.TEXAS 75265. μA 741, μA 741Y GENERAL-PURPOSE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS.Copyright@2000,Texas Instruments Incrporated.
[32]张铁军:(射频识别)系统开发及应用研究.西安交通大学硕士学位论文.2004.4.1.
[33] STEVE CHEN C Q , VAL ERIE THOMAS. Optimization of Inductive RFID Technology[A] . Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium[C] . USA : Electronics and the Environment , 2001.
[34] Youbok lee;RFID Coil Design AN678 Microchip Technology Inc.
[35]高洁,徐克宝.基于 U2270B 的射频识别系统天线设计.山东科技大学,专题论述.
[36]菅新乐.基于压电陶瓷的汽车轮胎压力监测系统无源化研究.吉林大学硕士论文,指导老师:杨志刚.2007.
[37]孙华明.充电电池基本知识及应用维护.电脑知识与技术,2004.34.
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