双功能多普勒超声成像仪数字信号处理系统的设计研究
|
摘要
超声诊断做为四大影像学诊断方法之一,在医学临床上有着重要的应用。近年来,随着数字信号处理、微电子、计算机软硬件、机械、材料等方面的快速发展,超声诊断仪在许多方面都有了长足的进步,这其中数字化B超和数字化彩超是发展的重点,而最主要的难点之一是数字信号处理系统的设计。
双功能多普勒超声成像仪同彩超一样都是在B型超声成像基础上利用多普勒效应获取血流的信息,只是彩超采用更多的信号处理技术获得信息来进行彩色显示,考虑到系统的庞大性和复杂性,本文主要致力于数字双功能多普勒超声成像仪信号处理系统的设计研究,对以后进一步进行彩超信号处理系统设计有很重要的意义。
论文结合目前广泛应用的现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)技术,确定了整个双功能多普勒超声成像系统的设计方案,并分析了FPGA器件及其设计方法,最主要的是在对超声信号理论进行深入研究和在数学推导的基础上,对信号处理中的关键技术:动态滤波、包络检波、对数压缩、解调、相域处理、频域处理等进行了数字化的设计,并对其中一些模块进行了有利于减少FPGA资源消耗的优化,最后通过对关键模块进行硬件编程和在计算机上进行仿真等方式表明采用该设计方案是可行的,而且可以降低系统复杂度,同时由于采用的是数字技术,能有效提高系统的精度。
由于整个系统的庞大性和复杂性,系统只是在超声信号理论的支撑下进行的设计,但从整体上讲是对数字化超声诊断仪器,尤其是对数字彩超,仍具有一定的理论和实际价值,同时对从事相关领域的技术人员有一定的借鉴意义。
Ultrasound diagnosis, one of the four most important diagnosis means, is used in medical field. Ultrasound diagnosis equipments have much enormous progress during these years, owing to the same rapid progress in the field of the digital signal process, the ability of designing hardware and software, micro-electronics, mechanism and the material used in equipments. Among these, the digital B mode ultrasound equipment and the digital color ultrasound diagnosis equipment are emphasis direction. The design of the digital signal processing system is one of the difficulties.
As same as color ultrasound diagnosis equipments, Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus also obtains blood flow information through Doppler Effect. The distinctness is that color ultrasound diagnosis equipments use more signal processing techniques to obtain blood flow information and their images are colorful images. Thinking of the hugeness and the complexity of the system, in this paper, the design of the signal processing system of Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus is proposed. It is of great significance to the design of the signal processing system of the color ultrasound diagnosis equipment.
This paper introduced the frame of Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus based on FPGA. And the design method of Field Programmable Gate Array is analyzed. The most important of all is our particular design of the digital signal processing system based on the theory of ultrasonic signal and mathematic derivation. It includes dynamic filter, amplitude demodulation, data compression, processing techniques in phase domain and frequent domain etc. And some modules are optimized for reducing resource used in FPGA. At last we indicated that the design is feasible and can reduce the complexity through the design and the simulation of important modules, At the same time, the system is excellent beacaue of digital techniques.
Due to the hugeness and the complexity of the system,we only designed the system based on the theory of ultrasonic signal.However,it still has some theoretical and practical values for designing ultrasound diagnosis equipments,especialy for the digital color ultrasound diagnosis equipment.At the same time,it is valuable for engineers who engage in this field.
双功能多普勒超声成像仪同彩超一样都是在B型超声成像基础上利用多普勒效应获取血流的信息,只是彩超采用更多的信号处理技术获得信息来进行彩色显示,考虑到系统的庞大性和复杂性,本文主要致力于数字双功能多普勒超声成像仪信号处理系统的设计研究,对以后进一步进行彩超信号处理系统设计有很重要的意义。
论文结合目前广泛应用的现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)技术,确定了整个双功能多普勒超声成像系统的设计方案,并分析了FPGA器件及其设计方法,最主要的是在对超声信号理论进行深入研究和在数学推导的基础上,对信号处理中的关键技术:动态滤波、包络检波、对数压缩、解调、相域处理、频域处理等进行了数字化的设计,并对其中一些模块进行了有利于减少FPGA资源消耗的优化,最后通过对关键模块进行硬件编程和在计算机上进行仿真等方式表明采用该设计方案是可行的,而且可以降低系统复杂度,同时由于采用的是数字技术,能有效提高系统的精度。
由于整个系统的庞大性和复杂性,系统只是在超声信号理论的支撑下进行的设计,但从整体上讲是对数字化超声诊断仪器,尤其是对数字彩超,仍具有一定的理论和实际价值,同时对从事相关领域的技术人员有一定的借鉴意义。
Ultrasound diagnosis, one of the four most important diagnosis means, is used in medical field. Ultrasound diagnosis equipments have much enormous progress during these years, owing to the same rapid progress in the field of the digital signal process, the ability of designing hardware and software, micro-electronics, mechanism and the material used in equipments. Among these, the digital B mode ultrasound equipment and the digital color ultrasound diagnosis equipment are emphasis direction. The design of the digital signal processing system is one of the difficulties.
As same as color ultrasound diagnosis equipments, Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus also obtains blood flow information through Doppler Effect. The distinctness is that color ultrasound diagnosis equipments use more signal processing techniques to obtain blood flow information and their images are colorful images. Thinking of the hugeness and the complexity of the system, in this paper, the design of the signal processing system of Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus is proposed. It is of great significance to the design of the signal processing system of the color ultrasound diagnosis equipment.
This paper introduced the frame of Duplex Doppler Ultrasonic Imaging Apparatus based on FPGA. And the design method of Field Programmable Gate Array is analyzed. The most important of all is our particular design of the digital signal processing system based on the theory of ultrasonic signal and mathematic derivation. It includes dynamic filter, amplitude demodulation, data compression, processing techniques in phase domain and frequent domain etc. And some modules are optimized for reducing resource used in FPGA. At last we indicated that the design is feasible and can reduce the complexity through the design and the simulation of important modules, At the same time, the system is excellent beacaue of digital techniques.
Due to the hugeness and the complexity of the system,we only designed the system based on the theory of ultrasonic signal.However,it still has some theoretical and practical values for designing ultrasound diagnosis equipments,especialy for the digital color ultrasound diagnosis equipment.At the same time,it is valuable for engineers who engage in this field.
引文
[1] 林轶翰,陈思平.医学超声影像技术及展望.医疗装备,2006,19(6):13-15
[2] 陈思平.医学超声影像产业现状和发展.应用声学,2005,24(4):201-207
[3] 李朝伟,李晓东,张良才.医学超声影像技术的发展创新.中国医学装备,2006,2(2):45-47
[4] 伍于添.超声诊断方法和设备的前沿技术.中国超声医学杂志,2004,20(6):472-474
[5] 钟勇.迈瑞全数字彩超上市揭开超声新篇章.医疗保健器具,2006,10:23-24
[6] 冯若.超声手册.南京:南京大学出版社,1999,725-796 ,
[7] 万明习,卞正中.医学超声学.陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1992,111-163
[8] 范毅明,范世忠,李祥杰等.医用 B 超仪与超声多普勒系统.上海:第二医科大学出版社,1999,35-169
[9] 丛玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其 MATLAB 实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,117-186
[10] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001,334-388
[11] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现.北京:清华大学出版社,1997,296-358
[12] 门爱东,苏菲,王雷.数字信号处理.北京:科学出版社,2005,227-240
[13] K Eck, R Schwann, A R Brenner and T G Noll. Depth-Dependent Mismatched Filtering Using Ultrasonic Attenuation as a Filter Design Parameter. IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM 1998, 1639~1644
[14] I Claesson, G Salomonsson. Estimation of varying ultrasonic attenuation.Ultrasound in medicine and Biology, 1985, 11:131-145
[15] 王 雷 , 沈 毅 , 王 小 涛 .B 超 动 态 滤 波 器 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 中 国 医 疗 器 械 杂志,2006,30(5):372-374
[16] Ingvar Claesson, Goran Salomonsson. Frequency and Depth-Dependent Compensation of Ultrasonic Signals. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and frequency Control, 1988, 35(5):582-592
[17] 巩欣洲.全数字化超声设备技术研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2000
[18] BJORN A J.Instataneous frequency, mean frequency, and variance of mean frequency estimators for ultrasonic blood velocity Doppler signals. IEEE Trans Bme, 1981, 27(11): 365-370
[19] Jonathan P. Majo.A Study of Blood-Flow Measurement by Doppler Effect Utilizing a Non-Stationary Signal Processing Technique:[A Thesis for master’s degree] .CLARKON University, 2005
[20] Jensen JA.Estimation of blood velocities using ultrasound-a signal processing approach. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 220-256
[21] Helen F. Routh, Doppler Ultrasound, The Ability to Measure and Image Blood Flow, IEEE Engineering in Meicine and Biology, 1996, 11:31-40
[22] 程东彪,高上凯.数字化多深度脉冲波超声多普勒系统的设计与实验研究.中国医学影像技术,2005,21(8):1278-1280
[23] David H, Evans W, McDicken N. Doppler Ultrasound: Physics, Instrumentation and Clinical Applications and signal processing.Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2000, 51-53
[24] Moraes R, Aydin N, Evans DH. The performance of three maximum frequency envelope dection algorithms for Doppler signals.J Vasc Invest, 1995, 1 (3):126-134
[25] 陈永甫.555 集成电路应用 800 例.北京:电子工业出版社,1992,45-57
[26] Wang YY, Zhang Y, Wang WQ,et al.Canceling the wall contamination using Doppler ultrasound signals from two consecutive cardiac cycles.Biomedical Engineering IEEE EMBS A2sian2Pacific Conference, 2003:138-139
[27] Mo LYL, Cobbold RSC. Speckle in CW Doppler ultrasound spectra a simulation study. IEEE Trans UFFC,1986, 33(6):747-752
[28] 张臣舜.超声多普勒血流动态功率谱分析技术.现代科学与仪器,1996,4:39-40
[29] 徐欣,于红旗,易凡等.基于 FPGA 的嵌入式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2005,6-76
[30] 李广军,孟宪元.可编程 ASIC 设计及应用.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003,84-86
[31] 夏宇闻.Verilog 数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,6-7
[32] 王金明.数字系统设计与 Verilog HDL(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005,319-323
[33] 姜宇柏,黄自强.通信接收信机的 Verilog 实现与仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,2005,332-381
[34] 阎石.数字电子技术(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998,308-357
[35] 杨恒,李爱国,王辉.FPGA/CPLD 最新实用技术指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,69-90
[36] 陈绍宽,李明.NCO 的研究及其 FPGA 实现.仪表技术,2006,5:30-32
[37] 蔡 豪 . 雷 达 中 频 信 号 直 接 采 样 与 正 交 相 干 检 波 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 现 代 雷达,2001,23(6):38-41
[38] 姚琮,张兴敢,肖文书.中频采样中希尔伯特变换器的 FPGA 实现.电子技术应用,2004, 30(9):74-77
[39] 邱兆坤,马云,王伟等.基于 FPGA 的数字化正交解调接收机最优设计.电子与信息学报,2006,28(1):42-44
[40] 马强.基于 FPGA 的快速傅立叶变换实现:[硕士学位论文]. 南京:南京理工大学,2005
[41] 韩泽耀.高速高性能 FFT 处理器的 VLSI 实现研究: [博士学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2002
[2] 陈思平.医学超声影像产业现状和发展.应用声学,2005,24(4):201-207
[3] 李朝伟,李晓东,张良才.医学超声影像技术的发展创新.中国医学装备,2006,2(2):45-47
[4] 伍于添.超声诊断方法和设备的前沿技术.中国超声医学杂志,2004,20(6):472-474
[5] 钟勇.迈瑞全数字彩超上市揭开超声新篇章.医疗保健器具,2006,10:23-24
[6] 冯若.超声手册.南京:南京大学出版社,1999,725-796 ,
[7] 万明习,卞正中.医学超声学.陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1992,111-163
[8] 范毅明,范世忠,李祥杰等.医用 B 超仪与超声多普勒系统.上海:第二医科大学出版社,1999,35-169
[9] 丛玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其 MATLAB 实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,117-186
[10] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001,334-388
[11] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现.北京:清华大学出版社,1997,296-358
[12] 门爱东,苏菲,王雷.数字信号处理.北京:科学出版社,2005,227-240
[13] K Eck, R Schwann, A R Brenner and T G Noll. Depth-Dependent Mismatched Filtering Using Ultrasonic Attenuation as a Filter Design Parameter. IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM 1998, 1639~1644
[14] I Claesson, G Salomonsson. Estimation of varying ultrasonic attenuation.Ultrasound in medicine and Biology, 1985, 11:131-145
[15] 王 雷 , 沈 毅 , 王 小 涛 .B 超 动 态 滤 波 器 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 中 国 医 疗 器 械 杂志,2006,30(5):372-374
[16] Ingvar Claesson, Goran Salomonsson. Frequency and Depth-Dependent Compensation of Ultrasonic Signals. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and frequency Control, 1988, 35(5):582-592
[17] 巩欣洲.全数字化超声设备技术研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2000
[18] BJORN A J.Instataneous frequency, mean frequency, and variance of mean frequency estimators for ultrasonic blood velocity Doppler signals. IEEE Trans Bme, 1981, 27(11): 365-370
[19] Jonathan P. Majo.A Study of Blood-Flow Measurement by Doppler Effect Utilizing a Non-Stationary Signal Processing Technique:[A Thesis for master’s degree] .CLARKON University, 2005
[20] Jensen JA.Estimation of blood velocities using ultrasound-a signal processing approach. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 220-256
[21] Helen F. Routh, Doppler Ultrasound, The Ability to Measure and Image Blood Flow, IEEE Engineering in Meicine and Biology, 1996, 11:31-40
[22] 程东彪,高上凯.数字化多深度脉冲波超声多普勒系统的设计与实验研究.中国医学影像技术,2005,21(8):1278-1280
[23] David H, Evans W, McDicken N. Doppler Ultrasound: Physics, Instrumentation and Clinical Applications and signal processing.Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2000, 51-53
[24] Moraes R, Aydin N, Evans DH. The performance of three maximum frequency envelope dection algorithms for Doppler signals.J Vasc Invest, 1995, 1 (3):126-134
[25] 陈永甫.555 集成电路应用 800 例.北京:电子工业出版社,1992,45-57
[26] Wang YY, Zhang Y, Wang WQ,et al.Canceling the wall contamination using Doppler ultrasound signals from two consecutive cardiac cycles.Biomedical Engineering IEEE EMBS A2sian2Pacific Conference, 2003:138-139
[27] Mo LYL, Cobbold RSC. Speckle in CW Doppler ultrasound spectra a simulation study. IEEE Trans UFFC,1986, 33(6):747-752
[28] 张臣舜.超声多普勒血流动态功率谱分析技术.现代科学与仪器,1996,4:39-40
[29] 徐欣,于红旗,易凡等.基于 FPGA 的嵌入式系统设计
[30] 李广军,孟宪元.可编程 ASIC 设计及应用.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003,84-86
[31] 夏宇闻.Verilog 数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,6-7
[32] 王金明.数字系统设计与 Verilog HDL(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005,319-323
[33] 姜宇柏,黄自强.通信接收信机的 Verilog 实现与仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,2005,332-381
[34] 阎石.数字电子技术(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998,308-357
[35] 杨恒,李爱国,王辉.FPGA/CPLD 最新实用技术指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,69-90
[36] 陈绍宽,李明.NCO 的研究及其 FPGA 实现.仪表技术,2006,5:30-32
[37] 蔡 豪 . 雷 达 中 频 信 号 直 接 采 样 与 正 交 相 干 检 波 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 现 代 雷达,2001,23(6):38-41
[38] 姚琮,张兴敢,肖文书.中频采样中希尔伯特变换器的 FPGA 实现.电子技术应用,2004, 30(9):74-77
[39] 邱兆坤,马云,王伟等.基于 FPGA 的数字化正交解调接收机最优设计.电子与信息学报,2006,28(1):42-44
[40] 马强.基于 FPGA 的快速傅立叶变换实现:[硕士学位论文]. 南京:南京理工大学,2005
[41] 韩泽耀.高速高性能 FFT 处理器的 VLSI 实现研究: [博士学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2002