EP-EPS缓冲包装材料制备技术的研究
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摘要
在缓冲包装领域中,发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)的年消耗量不断递增,截止到2007年底,仅中国的消耗量就已达到40.1万吨,占EPS总消耗量的27%,其产生的“白色污染”已不容忽视,同时还消耗大量珍贵的石油资源,给环境和经济带来了沉重的负担。
论文综述了缓冲包装材料的开发现状和EPS的各种回收方法,并分析了优缺点；研究了将回收的EPS加工成颗粒,并加入膨胀珍珠岩(EP)、二次纤维(RCF)和黏合剂(EVA)等来制备缓冲包装材料,得到了制备EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的方法与工艺；另外还对EP-EPS缓冲包装材料进行了静态压缩、动态缓冲等力学性能测试,并将其与EPS、EPE缓冲包装材料进行比较,评价了EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的缓冲性能。
EP-EPS缓冲包装材料不但可以解决EPS带来的环境污染问题,而且还可以节约珍贵的石油资源,实现了从缓冲包装材料到缓冲包装材料的循环经济,具有良好的社会与经济效益。
通过实验与分析得到以下结论。
1.EVA乳胶在该实验中作为一种较理想的黏合剂,它不但具备良好的黏合特性,而且能够溶于水,是一种水基型黏合剂,不会对环境造成二次污染。同时它还能防止EP掉渣,使缓冲材料表面具有较好的外观。
2. EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的制备工艺：
(1)将EP颗粒放在稀释的EVA乳胶中浸泡约5min,再烘干待用；
(2)将购得的RCF(干质)以约1：10的比例(质量比)放入盛水容器中,先用高速搅拌机搅拌,然后再将混合液倒入解离机中,解离后得到实验所需的RCF；
(3)将回收的EPS颗粒用水润湿后,倒入RCF,再用搅拌机搅拌,使其充分混合；
(4)将预处理的EP倒入EPS与RCF混合料中,并加入少量的EVA乳胶,在高速混合搅拌机中搅拌,使各组分充分均匀混合；
(5)将浆料倒入模具中,挤压成型,脱模后放入烘箱中烘干,为提高其干燥速度,可以加入少量乙醇,即可缩短其干燥时间。
3.研究影响EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲性能的因素,表明：
(1)随EP含量升高,缓冲系数的最低点左移,缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线上移,说明EP-EPS缓冲包装材料强度有所增加,缓冲系数较大,缓冲效率低；
(2)随RCF含量升高,缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线上移,缓冲系数有所升高,缓冲效率下降；
(3)EVA乳胶的浓度对EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的缓冲性能基本没有影响。
4.EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的静态性能呈现非线性曲线的特性,基本形状与正切曲线相类似。当静应力大于0.28kg／cm2时,EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲效率优于EPE；当静应力小于1.89kg／cm2时,EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲效率优于EPS。
5.EP-EPS缓冲包装材料具有较好的缓冲性能,尤是对脆值15.9-32.4g,对应的静应力范围是0.64-1.52kPa的产品具有很好的保护作用。
6. EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的制备工艺方法好,主要体现以下几方面：
(1)原料丰富,价格便宜；
(2)缓冲性能可以通过改变原料的配比进行调节；
(3) EPS、EP颗粒与RCF的混合效果比较好,实验条件容易实现；
(4)此工艺方法简单,无需发泡工艺；
(5)从根本上解决了EPS带来的“白色污染”环境问题,而且实现了从缓冲包装材料到缓冲包装材料的自身循环。
In the buffer Packaging field, the consumption of expanded polystyrene (EPS) continues to increase each year, by 2007, the consumption in China has reached 401 thousand tons, accounting for 27% of total consumption. "White Pollution" which is caused by EPS can not have been ignored and EPS annually consume a large amount of valuable oil resources, which bring a heavy burden for the environment and the economy.
Paper summarizes the development status of buffer packaging materials and the various recovery methods of EPS, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of them:Studies how to product the cushioning packaging materials by using the recovery EPS which is processed into granules, expanded perlite (EP), recycled fiber (RCF) and adhesives (EVA), etc.which has been methods and technology of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials; For EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials has completed the static compression performance tests, dynamic cushioning performance testing and so on, and compared with EPS, EPE cushioning packaging materials, evaluates the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials.
EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials not only can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by EPS, but also can save the precious oil resources, and achieves Circular Economy which is from cushioning packaging materials to cushioning packaging materials, with good social and economic benefit.
There are the following conclusions through experiments and analysis.
1. EVA emulsion is an ideal adhesive in this experiment, it has good bonding properties and because it can dissolve in water, so it is a water-based adhesive and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment. Same time, it can also prevent the EP dregs, so that the buffer has a good surface appearance.
2. The preparation process of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials:
(1) Put EP particles into the dilution of the EVA emulsion about 5 minutes, and then remove and dry them;
(2) Put the purchased RCF (dry mass) into containers that hold water with about 1:10 ratio (mass ratio), and mixing with the high-speed mixer, then put the mixture into the dissociation machine, get the RCF after dissociation;
(3) After wetting the recovery EPS particles with water, put them into the RCF solution, then make the mixture fully mix with the high-speed mixer;
(4) Put the pretreatment EP into the EPS and RCF mixture and add a small amount of EVA emulsion, and mix in high-speed mixer so that make all components fully mix;
(5) Put the slurry into the mold, extrusion molding, release after molding and dry in the oven. In order to improve drying speed, add a small amount of ethanol.drying time can be shortened.
3.Study the elements that affect the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials, which indicate:
(1) With the content of EP increasing, the lowest point of the buffer coefficient moves left, the buffer factor-maximum static stress curve moves upward, indicating strength of EP-EPS cushioning packing materials has increased, the buffer coefficient becomes larger, the buffer efficiency is low;
(2) With the content of RCF increasing, the buffer factor-maximum static stress curve moves upward, indicating the buffer factor has increased, the buffer efficiency has reduced;
(3) The concentration of EVA emulsion has no impact on cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials.
4. The static performance of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials renders non-linear curve, the basic shape is similar to the tangent curve. When the static stress is larger than 0.28kg/cm2, the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is better than EPE; when the static stress is less than 1.89kg/cm2, the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is more efficient than EPS.
5. EP-EPS cushioning packing materials have good cushioning properties, especially has a good protective effect for the product,when fragility value is 15.9g-32.4g, and the corresponding static stress range is 0.64-1.52kPa.
6. The preparation technology approach of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is good, mainly reflected as the following aspects:
(1) Rich in raw materials and cheap;
(2) Cushioning properties can be carried out by changing the ratio of raw materials;
(3) The mixture results of EPS, EP particles and RCF were better, Experiment conditions is easy to implement;
(4) The process is simple, no foaming process;
(5) Solve fundamentally the "White Pollution" environmental problems caused by EPS, and achieves Circular Economy which is from cushioning packaging materials to cushioning packaging materials.
论文综述了缓冲包装材料的开发现状和EPS的各种回收方法,并分析了优缺点；研究了将回收的EPS加工成颗粒,并加入膨胀珍珠岩(EP)、二次纤维(RCF)和黏合剂(EVA)等来制备缓冲包装材料,得到了制备EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的方法与工艺；另外还对EP-EPS缓冲包装材料进行了静态压缩、动态缓冲等力学性能测试,并将其与EPS、EPE缓冲包装材料进行比较,评价了EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的缓冲性能。
EP-EPS缓冲包装材料不但可以解决EPS带来的环境污染问题,而且还可以节约珍贵的石油资源,实现了从缓冲包装材料到缓冲包装材料的循环经济,具有良好的社会与经济效益。
通过实验与分析得到以下结论。
1.EVA乳胶在该实验中作为一种较理想的黏合剂,它不但具备良好的黏合特性,而且能够溶于水,是一种水基型黏合剂,不会对环境造成二次污染。同时它还能防止EP掉渣,使缓冲材料表面具有较好的外观。
2. EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的制备工艺：
(1)将EP颗粒放在稀释的EVA乳胶中浸泡约5min,再烘干待用；
(2)将购得的RCF(干质)以约1：10的比例(质量比)放入盛水容器中,先用高速搅拌机搅拌,然后再将混合液倒入解离机中,解离后得到实验所需的RCF；
(3)将回收的EPS颗粒用水润湿后,倒入RCF,再用搅拌机搅拌,使其充分混合；
(4)将预处理的EP倒入EPS与RCF混合料中,并加入少量的EVA乳胶,在高速混合搅拌机中搅拌,使各组分充分均匀混合；
(5)将浆料倒入模具中,挤压成型,脱模后放入烘箱中烘干,为提高其干燥速度,可以加入少量乙醇,即可缩短其干燥时间。
3.研究影响EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲性能的因素,表明：
(1)随EP含量升高,缓冲系数的最低点左移,缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线上移,说明EP-EPS缓冲包装材料强度有所增加,缓冲系数较大,缓冲效率低；
(2)随RCF含量升高,缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线上移,缓冲系数有所升高,缓冲效率下降；
(3)EVA乳胶的浓度对EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的缓冲性能基本没有影响。
4.EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的静态性能呈现非线性曲线的特性,基本形状与正切曲线相类似。当静应力大于0.28kg／cm2时,EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲效率优于EPE；当静应力小于1.89kg／cm2时,EP-EPS缓冲包装材料缓冲效率优于EPS。
5.EP-EPS缓冲包装材料具有较好的缓冲性能,尤是对脆值15.9-32.4g,对应的静应力范围是0.64-1.52kPa的产品具有很好的保护作用。
6. EP-EPS缓冲包装材料的制备工艺方法好,主要体现以下几方面：
(1)原料丰富,价格便宜；
(2)缓冲性能可以通过改变原料的配比进行调节；
(3) EPS、EP颗粒与RCF的混合效果比较好,实验条件容易实现；
(4)此工艺方法简单,无需发泡工艺；
(5)从根本上解决了EPS带来的“白色污染”环境问题,而且实现了从缓冲包装材料到缓冲包装材料的自身循环。
In the buffer Packaging field, the consumption of expanded polystyrene (EPS) continues to increase each year, by 2007, the consumption in China has reached 401 thousand tons, accounting for 27% of total consumption. "White Pollution" which is caused by EPS can not have been ignored and EPS annually consume a large amount of valuable oil resources, which bring a heavy burden for the environment and the economy.
Paper summarizes the development status of buffer packaging materials and the various recovery methods of EPS, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of them:Studies how to product the cushioning packaging materials by using the recovery EPS which is processed into granules, expanded perlite (EP), recycled fiber (RCF) and adhesives (EVA), etc.which has been methods and technology of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials; For EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials has completed the static compression performance tests, dynamic cushioning performance testing and so on, and compared with EPS, EPE cushioning packaging materials, evaluates the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials.
EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials not only can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by EPS, but also can save the precious oil resources, and achieves Circular Economy which is from cushioning packaging materials to cushioning packaging materials, with good social and economic benefit.
There are the following conclusions through experiments and analysis.
1. EVA emulsion is an ideal adhesive in this experiment, it has good bonding properties and because it can dissolve in water, so it is a water-based adhesive and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment. Same time, it can also prevent the EP dregs, so that the buffer has a good surface appearance.
2. The preparation process of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials:
(1) Put EP particles into the dilution of the EVA emulsion about 5 minutes, and then remove and dry them;
(2) Put the purchased RCF (dry mass) into containers that hold water with about 1:10 ratio (mass ratio), and mixing with the high-speed mixer, then put the mixture into the dissociation machine, get the RCF after dissociation;
(3) After wetting the recovery EPS particles with water, put them into the RCF solution, then make the mixture fully mix with the high-speed mixer;
(4) Put the pretreatment EP into the EPS and RCF mixture and add a small amount of EVA emulsion, and mix in high-speed mixer so that make all components fully mix;
(5) Put the slurry into the mold, extrusion molding, release after molding and dry in the oven. In order to improve drying speed, add a small amount of ethanol.drying time can be shortened.
3.Study the elements that affect the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials, which indicate:
(1) With the content of EP increasing, the lowest point of the buffer coefficient moves left, the buffer factor-maximum static stress curve moves upward, indicating strength of EP-EPS cushioning packing materials has increased, the buffer coefficient becomes larger, the buffer efficiency is low;
(2) With the content of RCF increasing, the buffer factor-maximum static stress curve moves upward, indicating the buffer factor has increased, the buffer efficiency has reduced;
(3) The concentration of EVA emulsion has no impact on cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials.
4. The static performance of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials renders non-linear curve, the basic shape is similar to the tangent curve. When the static stress is larger than 0.28kg/cm2, the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is better than EPE; when the static stress is less than 1.89kg/cm2, the cushioning properties of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is more efficient than EPS.
5. EP-EPS cushioning packing materials have good cushioning properties, especially has a good protective effect for the product,when fragility value is 15.9g-32.4g, and the corresponding static stress range is 0.64-1.52kPa.
6. The preparation technology approach of EP-EPS cushioning packaging materials is good, mainly reflected as the following aspects:
(1) Rich in raw materials and cheap;
(2) Cushioning properties can be carried out by changing the ratio of raw materials;
(3) The mixture results of EPS, EP particles and RCF were better, Experiment conditions is easy to implement;
(4) The process is simple, no foaming process;
(5) Solve fundamentally the "White Pollution" environmental problems caused by EPS, and achieves Circular Economy which is from cushioning packaging materials to cushioning packaging materials.
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[1]李从典.我国珍珠岩行业的现状及发展[J].保温材料与建筑节能,1999,(8):36-38.
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[3]王树海,关越.袋装粉煤炭灰膨胀珍珠岩保温板的研制.房材与应用,1 999(2)
[4]李全林.憎水膨胀珍珠岩及其制品的研究与应用.山西建材,1999,(3)
[5]管俊芳,陈林丽等.珍珠岩微粉表面改性及应用研究.非金属矿,2002,25(4)
[6]G88168-87包装用缓冲材料静态压缩试验方法.
[1]彭国勋,物流运输包装设计[M],印刷工业出版社,2006,10.
[2]杨嫣红,王志伟.缓冲包装材料及其性能研究进展[J].包装工程,2002,23(4)：96-99.
[3]汤伯森,向红.包装动力学[M].长沙：湖南大学出版社,2002,1.
[4]向明,骆光林,谢勇.新型缓冲包装及测试[J].株洲工学院学报,2000,14(6)：6-8.
[5]Jorge Marcondes, Kayo Hatton, Jennifer Graham, Herb Schueman. Effect of Temperature on the Cushioning Properties of Some Foamed Plastic Materials[J]. PACKAGING TECHNOLOGE AND SCIENCE,2003,16:69-76
[6]U. S. Department of Defense, Military Standardization Handbook, Package Cushioning Design, MIL-HDBK-304B,1978.
[7]彭国勋,运输包装[M],印刷工业出版社,1999.
[8]郭彦峰,张景绘,许文才,等.蜂窝纸板及其缓冲包装材料缓冲特性研究[J].包装工程,2002,23(5)：110-1121
[9]路冰琳,发泡聚乙烯缓冲材料的静态压缩缓冲曲线研究[J].包装工程,2007,28(2)：24,34,44.
[10]Yanfeng Guo,Jinghui Zhanga.Shock Absorbing Characteristics and Vibration Transmissibility of Honeycomb Paperboard[J].Shock and Vibration 11(2004).521-531
[11]GB8168-87包装用缓冲材料静态压缩试验方法
[12]罗兰.常用缓冲材料动态压缩特性研究[J].包装工程,1996(05):10-13
[13]骆光林,徐筱.缓冲包装材料的发展及展望[J].中国包装业,2005,(3)：54-56
[14]GB／T8167-1987《包装用缓冲材料动态压缩实验方法》
[15]R. D. Mindlin, Dynamics of Package Cushioning, Bell System TechnicalJournal 24(7-10) (1945),352-461.
[16]Wai-Bun,Jinchyau Peng.The Effect of Die Shapes and Additives on the Physical and Biodegradabe Properties of Biodegradable Cushioning Extruded Foams[J]. Packaging Technology and Science,2003,16:1-8.
[17]耿东伟,许文才,曹国荣,膨胀珍珠岩缓冲包装材料缓冲特性的研究。包装工程,2005,1(26),68-69.
[18]郑华明,曹国荣,许文才,田羽,膨胀珍珠岩缓冲包装材料的制备及性能包装工程,2006,10(26),25-27.