MB4250-高精度立式珩磨机床的动态特性分析
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摘要
珩磨是对工件表面进行光整和精整的磨削加工方法,高精度珩磨具有安全、经济、可靠、耐用、高效等优点,被广泛地应用于加工汽缸套,油缸,活塞销孔,连杆孔、泵体缸孔、液压阀孔、轴承孔、轴瓦等。随着珩磨机床的加工精度越来越高,对其工作性能地要求也越来越高了,不仅需要机床具有良好的静态特性,而且要具有良好的动态特性。因此,对珩磨机床进行整机的静动态特性分析已成为设计的必要环节。
本文阐述了国内外机械动态性能的发展状况,对机床的动态特性进行了研究。
本文首先建立了机床结合部的等效动力学模型,分析了常用的结合面等效动力学参数的识别方法,提出利用吉村允孝法对实际结合面的动态特性进行研究,应用弹簧-阻尼单元对单位面积结合面进行动态建模,得出了机床单位面积结合面法向、切向动态特性参数。
运用三维建模软件Pro/E和有限元分析软件Ansys建立了珩磨机的有限元模型,先对机床的关键零部件进行了动态性能研究,在此基础上,考虑结合面的影响,对机床整机进行了静应力分析、模态分析和谐响应分析,分析了机床的主要薄弱环节并提出结构改进意见。
提出了珩磨加工过程中,磨削液引起的杆建涡动及其产生的条件,同时模拟了珩磨过程中磨削液的运动情况,分析了磨削液的分布情况。
研究了珩磨过程的热源模型,建立了珩磨工件的有限元模型,对工件进行瞬态多载荷步热分析,得到珩磨过程工件的温度场分布,同时比较了干磨和湿磨两种情况下的温度场分布。
Honing is a special milling method of finishing the surfaces of workpiece, high-precision honing is safe, economical, reliable, durable, efficient and being widely used in the processing cylinder jacket, oil cylinder, piston pin boss, connecting rod bearing, pump cylinder bore, hydraulic valve bore, bearing hole and bearing etc.The much more development of the milling precision of honing machine,the higher requirment of the machine’s working performance,it requires the machine not only has good static characteristic but also has good dynamic characteristic.Therefore,the static and dynamic analysis of honing machine becomes a necessary step in the design of machine.
This paper introduces the development status of the reserch of machine dynamic characteristic inside and outside our country.
Firstly, this paper set up the equivalent dynamic model of machine conjoint part, analyzing the identify method of the usual equivalent dynamic model of conjoint part, then Masataka Yoshimura method is presented to used in research the dynamic characteristic of actual conjoint faces, taking use of spring-damp element to modeling the conjoint faces, finally get the normal、tangent dynamic characteristic parameter of the conjoint faces.
Secondly, establishing the finite element model of honing machine by Pro/E and Ansys, first, taking dynamic characteristic research of the pivotal parts of machine tool, at the base of it and consider the influence of conjoint faces, this paper has make static stress analysis、modal analysis and harmonic analysis of the whole machine tool ,analyzing the mainly weakness parts of the machine and some idea of configuration optimization is presented.
Milling fluid could lead to honing pipe’s eddy and research the condition how the eddy occurs, at the same time,simulating the movement of grinding fluid during the honing process and analysis the distributing of grinding fluid.
Study the heat spot model of the honing process and set up the finite element model of honing workpiece, then make transient multiple load step heat analysis, then gain the result of the temperature distribution of workpiece during the honing process, at the same time, analyzing and comparing the dry milling temperature distribution with wet milling temperature distribution of the workpiece.
本文阐述了国内外机械动态性能的发展状况,对机床的动态特性进行了研究。
本文首先建立了机床结合部的等效动力学模型,分析了常用的结合面等效动力学参数的识别方法,提出利用吉村允孝法对实际结合面的动态特性进行研究,应用弹簧-阻尼单元对单位面积结合面进行动态建模,得出了机床单位面积结合面法向、切向动态特性参数。
运用三维建模软件Pro/E和有限元分析软件Ansys建立了珩磨机的有限元模型,先对机床的关键零部件进行了动态性能研究,在此基础上,考虑结合面的影响,对机床整机进行了静应力分析、模态分析和谐响应分析,分析了机床的主要薄弱环节并提出结构改进意见。
提出了珩磨加工过程中,磨削液引起的杆建涡动及其产生的条件,同时模拟了珩磨过程中磨削液的运动情况,分析了磨削液的分布情况。
研究了珩磨过程的热源模型,建立了珩磨工件的有限元模型,对工件进行瞬态多载荷步热分析,得到珩磨过程工件的温度场分布,同时比较了干磨和湿磨两种情况下的温度场分布。
Honing is a special milling method of finishing the surfaces of workpiece, high-precision honing is safe, economical, reliable, durable, efficient and being widely used in the processing cylinder jacket, oil cylinder, piston pin boss, connecting rod bearing, pump cylinder bore, hydraulic valve bore, bearing hole and bearing etc.The much more development of the milling precision of honing machine,the higher requirment of the machine’s working performance,it requires the machine not only has good static characteristic but also has good dynamic characteristic.Therefore,the static and dynamic analysis of honing machine becomes a necessary step in the design of machine.
This paper introduces the development status of the reserch of machine dynamic characteristic inside and outside our country.
Firstly, this paper set up the equivalent dynamic model of machine conjoint part, analyzing the identify method of the usual equivalent dynamic model of conjoint part, then Masataka Yoshimura method is presented to used in research the dynamic characteristic of actual conjoint faces, taking use of spring-damp element to modeling the conjoint faces, finally get the normal、tangent dynamic characteristic parameter of the conjoint faces.
Secondly, establishing the finite element model of honing machine by Pro/E and Ansys, first, taking dynamic characteristic research of the pivotal parts of machine tool, at the base of it and consider the influence of conjoint faces, this paper has make static stress analysis、modal analysis and harmonic analysis of the whole machine tool ,analyzing the mainly weakness parts of the machine and some idea of configuration optimization is presented.
Milling fluid could lead to honing pipe’s eddy and research the condition how the eddy occurs, at the same time,simulating the movement of grinding fluid during the honing process and analysis the distributing of grinding fluid.
Study the heat spot model of the honing process and set up the finite element model of honing workpiece, then make transient multiple load step heat analysis, then gain the result of the temperature distribution of workpiece during the honing process, at the same time, analyzing and comparing the dry milling temperature distribution with wet milling temperature distribution of the workpiece.
引文
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[3] 刘又午,王树新,吴建华等.振兴机床工业的技术策略[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(10):1~4.
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[5] Hawkins,W.M. Dynamic Analysis em Dash a Powerful Technique to Control Noise and Vibration.Machine Design,1973,237~243.
[6] Sata T,Takashinan,Dynamic analysis of machine tool structures by the finite element method.1971,75~76.
[7] Peters J,Merqeay M. Dynamic analysis of machine tools using complex modal method.Annals of the CIRP,1976,257~261.
[8] Haranath,S.Ganesan,N.Dynamic analysis of machine tool structures with applied damping treatment.Machine tools and Manufacture,1987,43~55.
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[11] Deger,Y. Structural dynamics of weaving machines.ISMA.2000,1093~1099.
[12] Tewani, Sanjiv G. Finite element analysis of a boring bar using an active dynamic absorber for active vibration control.Smart Structures and Materials.1991,179~188.
[13] Hawkins,W.M. Dynamic analysis EM dash a powerful technique to control noise and vibration.Machine design,1973,237~243.
[14] Myers,A. Finite element analysis of the structural dynamics of a vertical milling machine.Laser Metrology and Machine Performance VI.2003,431~440.
[15] 徐仕强;李宝丽等,组合机床滑座体有限元静动态分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术. 1986.5,18~23.
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[17] 朱梦周,机床模态分析的快速实验法[J].制造技术与机床,1983,6,2~5.
[18] 贺兵,超高速平面磨床结构动态特性的研究与结构优化[D]:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙: 湖南大学机械与汽车工程学院,2004.
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[20] 李修平,基于 ANSYS 的高速加工中心有限元分析[D]:[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,2005.
[21] 梁志强,加工中心整机试验模态分析及主要接合部参数识别方法研究[D]:[昆明理工大学硕 士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工学院机电工程学院,2004.
[22] 许敏,机床固定结合面动态与热态特性分析[D]:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学机械工程学院,2006.
[23] J. X. Yuan, X. J. Tang and S.M.Wu. An Application of D.D.S. Combined with F.E.M.Using Condensation Technique for Machine Tool Design. ASME Winter Annual Meeting,Boston, 1983.
[24] 杨永亮,基于有限元的车床床身结构优化[D]:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学机械工程学院,2006.
[25] 张宇,廖伯瑜,机床结合部参数的有效识别方法[J].昆明理工大学学报,1998(2), 36~41.
[26] 毛海军,孙庆鸿等,基于 BP 神经网络的磨床主轴系统动态优化方法研究[J].制造业自动化,2000(12):39~41.
[27] 华珍,王效岳,张学良.基于 BP-Network 的机械结合面法向动刚度模拟方法的研究[J].山东工业大学学报,2001(3):268~271.
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