建筑与小区雨水收集利用系统研究
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摘要
雨水作为一种天然的水资源,具有容易收集、处理方法简单等优点,在各国受到越来越多的重视。近年来,国际上对于城市雨水资源的利用逐渐向雨水蓄渗、缓排和利用的方向发展,我国也在不断学习国外先进技术和管理经验,并结合地域特点探索适宜于本土化的利用模式。
将处理后的雨水作为非常规水资源在建筑与小区内进行使用,能够提高水资源利用,缓解用水压力。同时,雨水资源的就地利用,能有效减少城市暴雨径流,缓解城市洪峰,并降低排入到排水系统中的径流污染物。建筑屋面在城市不透水面积中占据相当大的比例,所能汇集的雨量也是相当可观的,其水质与道路、停车场等相比较好,处理成本和用水风险低,因此城市屋面雨水回收利用一直成为人们关注的焦点,各国采取多种有效措施提高屋面雨水的利用能力和效率。近年来我国对雨水资源利用问题的研究与工程实施也越来越多,但仍旧存在着问题,如缺乏系统参数的理论研究、观念落后、利用或控制模式单一和管理系统落后等。
本文主要研究了建筑与小区中雨水资源化利用的问题。在深入学习国内外先进雨水资源化利用的基础上,对屋面雨水利用系统的设计参数进行了分析探讨。运用极限强度法对初期弃流雨水进行了理论分析,并结合实例采用Matlab软件对理论进行了验证,对于实际工程中初期弃流量的多少和弃流容积的确定具有借鉴意义。分析了屋面雨水的回用雨水量问题,提出了计算雨水储存池容积的计算方法,并采用重庆市日降雨资料进行了模拟实验,采用Matlab软件进行了计算,通过进行经济性评价,最后得出最经济的储存池容积。
利用模式单一问题是观念的落后体现,国内对于雨水-再生水合用系统的研究相对较少,实际工程应用也很少。本文在分析各自应用模式特点的基础上,对雨水-再生水合用系统的可行性和利用模式进一步进行了研究,提出了将再生水作为雨水系统补充水源的合用系统模式,并使用Matlab软件对其经济性进行分析,与独立的雨水、再生水系统进行比较,尝试构建适合我国城市中应用的合用系统模式。
As the natural water resources, rainwater has the advantages of easily been collected, simply been treated, it has been paied more and more attention in many countries. Recently, internationally rainwater utilization in urban gradually turn to the direction of storage permeability, slowly emissions, recycling, etc. Also, in China, many foreign advanced technologies and management experiences constantly are learned, exploring the localization of utilization mode contacting regional features.
After processed, rainwater can be used as miscellaneous in urban areas, this can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, alleviate the situation of shortage of water. Meanwhile, it can reduce the rainstorm runoff and pollutants in the runoff to water system, alleviate flood peak. Building roof in urban area occupies considerable proportion, there is also considerable rainfall from building roof and better than rainwater collecting from the road or parking lot. So the processing cost and risks of using rainwater from building roof are lower, it becomes the focus of attention of recycling rainwater. Many kinds of effective measures have been taken to improve the utilization ability and efficiency of using rainwater from the roof. In recent years, there are more and more researches and project implementations of using rainwater resources, but still existing problems, such as concepts backward, utilizing or control mode is single, management system lag behind, etc.
The problem of utilizing rainwater in architecture is being mainly studies. In the foundation of studying the domestic and foreign advanced theories and experiences in rainwater utilization, the system parameters are analyzed and discussed in the use system of roof rainwater. Initial abandon flow rain is analyzed in theory by ultimate strength method, and it is verified combined with examples based on Matlab. This has reference to determine the initial abandon flow and abandon flow volume in the actual project. The quantity of reuse rainwater is analyzed of the roofing rainwater; calculation method is proffered to calculate the volume of rain storage tank. And, simulation experiment is taken by using rainfall information of Chongqing base on Matlab. Finally the most economical storage tank capacity is obtained by conducting economic evaluation.
The problem single utilization mode reflects the concepts backward, there is relatively rare studies on combination system of rainwater and recycled water, engineering application are few. Based on the analysis of their respective characteristics of application pattern, further studied is taken on the feasibility and mode of the combination system. The mode of recycled water as supplement water to rainwater system is proposed, and its economy is analyzed by using Matlab, comparing with independent rainwater and recycled water system, trying to construct the combination system mode for application in our countries.
将处理后的雨水作为非常规水资源在建筑与小区内进行使用,能够提高水资源利用,缓解用水压力。同时,雨水资源的就地利用,能有效减少城市暴雨径流,缓解城市洪峰,并降低排入到排水系统中的径流污染物。建筑屋面在城市不透水面积中占据相当大的比例,所能汇集的雨量也是相当可观的,其水质与道路、停车场等相比较好,处理成本和用水风险低,因此城市屋面雨水回收利用一直成为人们关注的焦点,各国采取多种有效措施提高屋面雨水的利用能力和效率。近年来我国对雨水资源利用问题的研究与工程实施也越来越多,但仍旧存在着问题,如缺乏系统参数的理论研究、观念落后、利用或控制模式单一和管理系统落后等。
本文主要研究了建筑与小区中雨水资源化利用的问题。在深入学习国内外先进雨水资源化利用的基础上,对屋面雨水利用系统的设计参数进行了分析探讨。运用极限强度法对初期弃流雨水进行了理论分析,并结合实例采用Matlab软件对理论进行了验证,对于实际工程中初期弃流量的多少和弃流容积的确定具有借鉴意义。分析了屋面雨水的回用雨水量问题,提出了计算雨水储存池容积的计算方法,并采用重庆市日降雨资料进行了模拟实验,采用Matlab软件进行了计算,通过进行经济性评价,最后得出最经济的储存池容积。
利用模式单一问题是观念的落后体现,国内对于雨水-再生水合用系统的研究相对较少,实际工程应用也很少。本文在分析各自应用模式特点的基础上,对雨水-再生水合用系统的可行性和利用模式进一步进行了研究,提出了将再生水作为雨水系统补充水源的合用系统模式,并使用Matlab软件对其经济性进行分析,与独立的雨水、再生水系统进行比较,尝试构建适合我国城市中应用的合用系统模式。
As the natural water resources, rainwater has the advantages of easily been collected, simply been treated, it has been paied more and more attention in many countries. Recently, internationally rainwater utilization in urban gradually turn to the direction of storage permeability, slowly emissions, recycling, etc. Also, in China, many foreign advanced technologies and management experiences constantly are learned, exploring the localization of utilization mode contacting regional features.
After processed, rainwater can be used as miscellaneous in urban areas, this can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, alleviate the situation of shortage of water. Meanwhile, it can reduce the rainstorm runoff and pollutants in the runoff to water system, alleviate flood peak. Building roof in urban area occupies considerable proportion, there is also considerable rainfall from building roof and better than rainwater collecting from the road or parking lot. So the processing cost and risks of using rainwater from building roof are lower, it becomes the focus of attention of recycling rainwater. Many kinds of effective measures have been taken to improve the utilization ability and efficiency of using rainwater from the roof. In recent years, there are more and more researches and project implementations of using rainwater resources, but still existing problems, such as concepts backward, utilizing or control mode is single, management system lag behind, etc.
The problem of utilizing rainwater in architecture is being mainly studies. In the foundation of studying the domestic and foreign advanced theories and experiences in rainwater utilization, the system parameters are analyzed and discussed in the use system of roof rainwater. Initial abandon flow rain is analyzed in theory by ultimate strength method, and it is verified combined with examples based on Matlab. This has reference to determine the initial abandon flow and abandon flow volume in the actual project. The quantity of reuse rainwater is analyzed of the roofing rainwater; calculation method is proffered to calculate the volume of rain storage tank. And, simulation experiment is taken by using rainfall information of Chongqing base on Matlab. Finally the most economical storage tank capacity is obtained by conducting economic evaluation.
The problem single utilization mode reflects the concepts backward, there is relatively rare studies on combination system of rainwater and recycled water, engineering application are few. Based on the analysis of their respective characteristics of application pattern, further studied is taken on the feasibility and mode of the combination system. The mode of recycled water as supplement water to rainwater system is proposed, and its economy is analyzed by using Matlab, comparing with independent rainwater and recycled water system, trying to construct the combination system mode for application in our countries.
引文
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[3] http://www.weather.com.cn/
[4]《北京统计年鉴2010》,中国统计出版社. 2010.9
[5]《广州统计年鉴2008》,中国统计出版社. 2008.12
[6]刘昌明,牟海省.我国水资源可持续开发中的雨水利用[A].中国雨水利用研究文集[C].北京:中国矿业大学出版社, 1998, 1-7
[7]钱正英,张光斗.中国可持续发展收资源战略研究综合报告及各专题报告[M].北京:中国收弃收电出版社, 2001.18-238
[8]孙建伟,曾令木,马曙晓,胡浩云.邯郸市生态小区雨水利用研究[J].南水北调与水利科技. 2006.4.36-38
[9] http://www.ercsa.eu/newsandinfos.html
[10] Toowoomba City Council, Department of Planning. Requirements for the installation of rainwater tanks. 2006.6.21. 86-88
[11] http://www.ircsa.org/index.htm
[12]李俊奇,车武.德国城市雨水利用技术参考分析[J].城市环境与城市生态. 2002.15(1). 47-49.
[13]车伍,刘燕,李俊奇.国内外城市雨水水质及污染控制[J].给水排水. 2003.10(29). 38-42
[14] Fakt, IRCSA/Europe. 10th International Conference on Rainwater Catchment Systems[M]. Mannheim(Germany): Margraf Varlag,2001.3-297
[15] Tanaka Tadashi, Iida Teruo. Rainwater utilization systems for groundwater recharge used in an urban area in Japan [A]. Proceeding of International Symposium&2nd Chinese National Conference on Rainwater Utilization [C]. Xuzhou, Jiansu Province, China. 1998, 200～204
[16]《雨水集蓄利用工程技术规范》(SL267-2001),人民卫生出版社, 2001.4.1
[17]朱强,李元红.论雨水集蓄利用技术[A].中国雨水利用研究文集[C].北京:中国矿业大学出版社, 1998, 196～201
[18]安熙兰,张小惠.“121”雨水集流工程水质状况分析[J].中国初级卫生保健. 2001.3
[19]车伍,程文静,李海燕.雨水.利用与水量平衡分析在城市园区水景设计中的应用[J].中国园林. 2006.12. 62-65
[20]赵世明,赵锂,王耀堂,杨澎,刘鹏,朱跃云.建筑与小区雨水利用工程规模的分析[J].中国给水排水. 2007.12(23). 84-87
[21]建筑与小区雨水利用工程技术规范实施指南.中国建筑工业出版社. 2008.7.
[22]建筑与小区雨水利用工程技术规范(GB50400-2006),中华人民共和国建设部, 2006.11.1
[23]成自勇,杨具瑞.论雨水利用的若干问题和发展趋势,中国雨水利用研究文集,中国矿业大学出版社, 2004. 93-102
[24] Adams Barry J. Analysis of storage facilities for urban storm water quantity control[J]. Advances in water Resources, 2005, 28: 377-392
[25]张光义,聂发辉,宁静,等.城市下凹式绿地长期运行蓄渗效率的概率分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 37(5):651-655
[26] Brinckerhoff P. AP-R232/03 Guidelines for treatment of stormwater runoff from the road infrastructure [S]. Sydney: Austrians Incorporated, 2003.
[27] Coombes PJ, Kuczera G, Argue JR, et al. Costing of water cycle infrastructure savings arising from water sensitive urban design source control measures. In Second International Conference on Decision making in Urban and Civil Engineering, Lyon, France, November 20-22, 2000.
[28]李俊奇,孟光辉,车伍,等.城市雨水利用调蓄方式及调蓄容积使用算法的探讨[J].给水排水, 2007.33(2):116-123
[29]邹旭华.节能省地型住宅小区屋面雨水收集利用技术应用探讨[J].新型建材与施工技术. 2004. 138-139
[30] The Australian Greenhouse Office. Your home technical manual: Australia's guide to environmentally sustainable homes. 2007.03.26. 46-50
[31]周国华,完颜华,祝丽思.西北地区城镇化建设中雨水利用探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护. 2006.17(4):97-100
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