托里桉木粉对赤潮藻生长的抑制作用及其机理的初步研究
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摘要
目的和意义：以塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium. tamarense)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)等五种赤潮藻为材料，考查桉木粉对五种赤潮藻生长的影响，并对其抑制赤潮藻类生长的化学基础进行了初步研究，为赤潮的治理以及除藻剂的筛选提供参考和依据。
方法：采用细胞计数法考查不同来源桉木粉、不同用量托里桉木粉和托里桉木粉的丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、水粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻、海洋卡盾藻、球形棕囊藻、赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻五种赤潮藻生长的影响。对比分析托里桉丙酮提取物中不同组分的抑藻效果，用GC-MS对抑藻成分进行分析鉴定。
结果：托里桉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用明显强于尾叶桉和窿缘桉。灭菌与非灭菌托里桉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用无明显差别，提示细菌等微生物没有参与抑藻过程。1g·L~(-1)托里桉木粉24h对海洋卡盾藻(5.04×10~6个·L~(-1))具有去除作用，对塔玛亚历山大藻(9.68×10~6个·L~(-1))、东海原甲藻(2.86×10~7个·L~(-1))、赤潮异弯藻(4.72×10~7个·L~(-1))和球形棕囊藻(5.04×10~8个·L~(-1))48 h抑制率分别为56.03％、79.20％、52.49％和51.45％，提示托里桉木粉对五种赤潮都有显著的抑制作用，但敏感性有所不同。托里桉木粉丙酮提取物对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用明显强于乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水提取物。托里桉木粉丙酮提取物(相当1g·L~(-1)托里桉木粉)对塔玛亚历山大藻、球形棕囊藻、东海原甲藻、赤异弯藻和海洋卡盾藻48h抑制率分别为54.63％、、44.78％、45.78％、43.17％和72.11％。丙酮提取物对赤潮藻的抑制作用弱于木粉，提示托里桉木粉对赤潮藻的去除作用可能是由多种化合物共同起作用的结果。托里桉丙酮提取物中的D组分对塔玛亚历山大藻的去除作用明显强于A、B、C。当D组分为3 mg·L~(-1)时，对藻密度为3.08×10~6 cells·L~(-1)塔玛亚历山大藻的去除率3 d即可达到81.06％。用GC-MS对托里桉丙酮提取物中的D组分进行分析鉴定，发现D组分主要的化感物质是酮类。
结论：托里桉木粉可显著抑制赤潮藻的生长，D组分可能是托里桉木粉具有化感
Object: The removal effects of Eucalyptus wood meals on HABs algae, Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, were observed to screen newly and efficient algaecides in controlling HABs. The chemical basis of the antialgal effect was discussed.
Method: Effects of wood meals from different kind of Eucalyptus, different dosage of the wood meals and acetone, carbinol, ethyl acetate or water extracts from Eucalyptus torelliana on Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense were observed by counting cells. Effects of different component isolated from acetone extract of E. torelliana on A. tamarense were studied. On the basis of comparison in removal efficiency, D Components were analyzed by GC-MS., the effect of from, the best candidate to control HABs, was studied.
Results: E. torellianar wood meals was shown to have stronger inhibition on A. tamarense than that of other wood meals. 1g·L~(-1) of E. torellianar wood meals removed Chattonella marina algae efficiently in 24 h, whereas inhibitory rate of Alexandrium.tamarense, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Heterosigma akashiwo, Phaeocystis globosa in 48 h was 56.03 %、79.20 %、52.49% and 51.45%, respectively in same concentration. Extracts from E. torellianar wood meals with acetone-water were shown to have stranger inhibition on A. tamarense than that from ethyl acetate and from water does. The inhibitory effects of acetone-water extract from E. torellianar wood meals were weaker than that of wood meals, suggesting that other chemicals except for acetone-water extracts from E. torellianar wood meals involved the inhibition. Extract D from E. torellianar wood meals inhibited Alexandrium tamarense algae more effectively than that of extract A, B or C. GC-MS showed that D graded dosages of isolates mostly composed by ketone.
方法：采用细胞计数法考查不同来源桉木粉、不同用量托里桉木粉和托里桉木粉的丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、水粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻、海洋卡盾藻、球形棕囊藻、赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻五种赤潮藻生长的影响。对比分析托里桉丙酮提取物中不同组分的抑藻效果，用GC-MS对抑藻成分进行分析鉴定。
结果：托里桉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用明显强于尾叶桉和窿缘桉。灭菌与非灭菌托里桉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用无明显差别，提示细菌等微生物没有参与抑藻过程。1g·L~(-1)托里桉木粉24h对海洋卡盾藻(5.04×10~6个·L~(-1))具有去除作用，对塔玛亚历山大藻(9.68×10~6个·L~(-1))、东海原甲藻(2.86×10~7个·L~(-1))、赤潮异弯藻(4.72×10~7个·L~(-1))和球形棕囊藻(5.04×10~8个·L~(-1))48 h抑制率分别为56.03％、79.20％、52.49％和51.45％，提示托里桉木粉对五种赤潮都有显著的抑制作用，但敏感性有所不同。托里桉木粉丙酮提取物对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用明显强于乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水提取物。托里桉木粉丙酮提取物(相当1g·L~(-1)托里桉木粉)对塔玛亚历山大藻、球形棕囊藻、东海原甲藻、赤异弯藻和海洋卡盾藻48h抑制率分别为54.63％、、44.78％、45.78％、43.17％和72.11％。丙酮提取物对赤潮藻的抑制作用弱于木粉，提示托里桉木粉对赤潮藻的去除作用可能是由多种化合物共同起作用的结果。托里桉丙酮提取物中的D组分对塔玛亚历山大藻的去除作用明显强于A、B、C。当D组分为3 mg·L~(-1)时，对藻密度为3.08×10~6 cells·L~(-1)塔玛亚历山大藻的去除率3 d即可达到81.06％。用GC-MS对托里桉丙酮提取物中的D组分进行分析鉴定，发现D组分主要的化感物质是酮类。
结论：托里桉木粉可显著抑制赤潮藻的生长，D组分可能是托里桉木粉具有化感
Object: The removal effects of Eucalyptus wood meals on HABs algae, Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, were observed to screen newly and efficient algaecides in controlling HABs. The chemical basis of the antialgal effect was discussed.
Method: Effects of wood meals from different kind of Eucalyptus, different dosage of the wood meals and acetone, carbinol, ethyl acetate or water extracts from Eucalyptus torelliana on Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense were observed by counting cells. Effects of different component isolated from acetone extract of E. torelliana on A. tamarense were studied. On the basis of comparison in removal efficiency, D Components were analyzed by GC-MS., the effect of from, the best candidate to control HABs, was studied.
Results: E. torellianar wood meals was shown to have stronger inhibition on A. tamarense than that of other wood meals. 1g·L~(-1) of E. torellianar wood meals removed Chattonella marina algae efficiently in 24 h, whereas inhibitory rate of Alexandrium.tamarense, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Heterosigma akashiwo, Phaeocystis globosa in 48 h was 56.03 %、79.20 %、52.49% and 51.45%, respectively in same concentration. Extracts from E. torellianar wood meals with acetone-water were shown to have stranger inhibition on A. tamarense than that from ethyl acetate and from water does. The inhibitory effects of acetone-water extract from E. torellianar wood meals were weaker than that of wood meals, suggesting that other chemicals except for acetone-water extracts from E. torellianar wood meals involved the inhibition. Extract D from E. torellianar wood meals inhibited Alexandrium tamarense algae more effectively than that of extract A, B or C. GC-MS showed that D graded dosages of isolates mostly composed by ketone.
引文
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