球齿轮数控磨齿机结构设计与分析
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摘要
球齿轮机构是一种能传递空间二自由度的新型传动机构,具有良好的运动柔性和广泛的应用前景,可用于机器人柔性手腕机构、水下探测器矢量推进机构、轮腿复合功能移动平台驱动机构、微波通信天线姿态对准机构和仿生机械全方位运动关节机构等场合。
要想使球齿轮真正走向工程实践,就必须解决其加工问题。目前,球齿轮的粗加工已经能够实现,亟待研究的是球齿轮精密磨削加工方法和设备。而现有的机床又难以满足球齿轮的精密磨削加工要求。本文介绍了一种球齿轮数控磨齿机的结构设计与分析过程,主要内容有:
1.研究球齿轮磨削加工原理,确定采用成形磨削加工方案;根据球齿轮的磨削加工要求,确定了数控磨齿机的主要参数;设计了多种立式、卧式和斜置式总体布局方案并进行相关分析和比较;对较合理的方案进行加工原理仿真;
2.对数控磨齿机的床身、主轴、伺服电机、滚动导轨、滚珠丝杠和数控工作台等关键零部件进行了详细的设计和选型;研究了指状砂轮精确廓形计算通式,并编制了计算程序。
3.利用有限元分析的思想对滑座进行静力分析和模态分析,提出滑座结构尺寸的改进方案;对床身进行模态分析,得出球齿轮数控磨齿机床身的前六阶固有频率和模态振型;
4.针对指状砂轮磨削球齿轮的特点,研究其磨削过程;确定磨齿余量和磨削深度等工艺量;对磨齿产生的齿形误差进行了相关的分析。
Spherical gear pair is a new type of mechanism which can transfer 2-DOF motion, then has good motion flexibility and wide application future. It can be used for flexible wrist mechanism of robot, underwater vector propulsion propeller, traveling stage with complex function of wheel and leg, microwave antenna's attitude aiming at satellite, and entire orientation joint of bionic machinery so on.
To make spherical gear be used really in engineering practice, we must solve its machining problem. At present, rough milling of spherical gear can be carried out easily; we starve for method and equipment of precise grinding spherical gear. But existing machine tool can not fill the grinding demand of spherical gear. This dissertation introduces the process to design and analyze a CNC spherical gear grinding machine. Main research subjects are included as follow:
1. Mold grinding project has been adopted after researching the grinding principle of spherical gear. Based on the grinding demand of spherical gear, the article has confirmed the main parameter of CNC spherical gear grinding machine. Various vertical, horizontal and inclining general layout projects have been designed, analyzed and compared, and then this article has chosen an excellent project and made the simulation of grinding principle.
2. The dissertation has designed or made sure the type of lathe bed, principal axis, servo electromotor, rolling slide-way, ball screw and NC worktable so on. The calculation formula of accurate profile curve of finger grinding wheel has been gotten and its calculation program has been made.
3. The static and dynamic characteristic of sliding seat has been analyzed with the idea of finite element analysis, and then amelioration project of structure size has been put forward. The modal of the body section has been analyzed, and the front six natural frequency and the modal shapes have been obtained.
4. The grinding process has been researched according to the characteristic of finger wheel grinding spherical gear. The process parameters have been made sure, such as grinding teeth allowance and grinding depth. How to produce the Tooth profile error in the process of grinding spherical gear has been analyzed.
要想使球齿轮真正走向工程实践,就必须解决其加工问题。目前,球齿轮的粗加工已经能够实现,亟待研究的是球齿轮精密磨削加工方法和设备。而现有的机床又难以满足球齿轮的精密磨削加工要求。本文介绍了一种球齿轮数控磨齿机的结构设计与分析过程,主要内容有:
1.研究球齿轮磨削加工原理,确定采用成形磨削加工方案;根据球齿轮的磨削加工要求,确定了数控磨齿机的主要参数;设计了多种立式、卧式和斜置式总体布局方案并进行相关分析和比较;对较合理的方案进行加工原理仿真;
2.对数控磨齿机的床身、主轴、伺服电机、滚动导轨、滚珠丝杠和数控工作台等关键零部件进行了详细的设计和选型;研究了指状砂轮精确廓形计算通式,并编制了计算程序。
3.利用有限元分析的思想对滑座进行静力分析和模态分析,提出滑座结构尺寸的改进方案;对床身进行模态分析,得出球齿轮数控磨齿机床身的前六阶固有频率和模态振型;
4.针对指状砂轮磨削球齿轮的特点,研究其磨削过程;确定磨齿余量和磨削深度等工艺量;对磨齿产生的齿形误差进行了相关的分析。
Spherical gear pair is a new type of mechanism which can transfer 2-DOF motion, then has good motion flexibility and wide application future. It can be used for flexible wrist mechanism of robot, underwater vector propulsion propeller, traveling stage with complex function of wheel and leg, microwave antenna's attitude aiming at satellite, and entire orientation joint of bionic machinery so on.
To make spherical gear be used really in engineering practice, we must solve its machining problem. At present, rough milling of spherical gear can be carried out easily; we starve for method and equipment of precise grinding spherical gear. But existing machine tool can not fill the grinding demand of spherical gear. This dissertation introduces the process to design and analyze a CNC spherical gear grinding machine. Main research subjects are included as follow:
1. Mold grinding project has been adopted after researching the grinding principle of spherical gear. Based on the grinding demand of spherical gear, the article has confirmed the main parameter of CNC spherical gear grinding machine. Various vertical, horizontal and inclining general layout projects have been designed, analyzed and compared, and then this article has chosen an excellent project and made the simulation of grinding principle.
2. The dissertation has designed or made sure the type of lathe bed, principal axis, servo electromotor, rolling slide-way, ball screw and NC worktable so on. The calculation formula of accurate profile curve of finger grinding wheel has been gotten and its calculation program has been made.
3. The static and dynamic characteristic of sliding seat has been analyzed with the idea of finite element analysis, and then amelioration project of structure size has been put forward. The modal of the body section has been analyzed, and the front six natural frequency and the modal shapes have been obtained.
4. The grinding process has been researched according to the characteristic of finger wheel grinding spherical gear. The process parameters have been made sure, such as grinding teeth allowance and grinding depth. How to produce the Tooth profile error in the process of grinding spherical gear has been analyzed.
引文
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