人防工程建设与城市可持续发展
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摘要
城市防灾、减灾是关系到国计民生的大事，历朝历代都非常重视。我国自改革开放以来，城市规划、城市建设水平得到了举世公认的提高。城市防护功能得到了明显的加强。大批大批优秀的规划师、建筑师及学者积极投身到本领域。并在此寻求到了自己应有的位置和支撑点。当然，我们还应清醒的认识到，由于人防行业的特点和行业要求的制约，多数城市人防工程建设发展不均衡，部分建设者对城市的整体概念认识局限。单纯讲究意象、建筑风格、建筑流派，而忽视了最起码的防护功能；或是注意不够，使得建筑功能单一、脆弱，城市功能不全。本文以人防工程建设与城市可持续发展为主题，以当前社会多数城市建设者对人防的认识水平有限为前提，通过基本理论的铺设和实例分析，提出了自己的观点和方法。
论文第一章着重介绍了人民防空工程建设出处、演变过程及我国现阶段进行城市人民防空工程建设的必要性。城市作为国家的特殊地域，维系着国家的整个经济命脉，如果从城市自身功能上不具备防卫功能，不具备抵御天灾人祸的基本能力，城市不可能长久，生态不可能平衡，国家不可能强大，民族文化只能时断时续。虽然城市存在地域性，但城市功能具有一致的共性和依赖性。
第二章主要通过实例介绍了国内城市人防工程建设发展的弊端以及人防工程发展现状和存在的问题。
第三章主要篇幅介绍了国外人防工程建设现状和作法，从指挥工程到部分专业队工程建设及与城市地下空间的开发利用相结合方面都体现出现代城市的建设理念，体现出美的实质和对城市建设方面一些片面的浮躁心态。
第四章从人防工程建设与国家经济发展的实际现状出发，找出城市防护功能
上的不足与差距，从战略和人类战争发展的高度提出了城市存亡能力和防护办法与措施。进一步简述了人防工程建设对城市的作用是人类生活建筑空间产生初源本质的回归。
第五章是对国家人防工程建设的政策、规范方面存在的问题的探讨和推敲。并对一些具体做法作了进一步的研究论述。
第六章从城市地下空间开发建设与人防工程经营结合方面作了浅层次的挖掘分析。
Takes precautions against natural calamities and reduces natural disasters in the city is the great event that concerns the national economy and the people's livelihood, and the successive dynasties all attach importance to very much. Our country is from reform and open, and the planning and urban construction standard in city got throughout the world the generally acknowledged raise. That the function gets strengthening of clear is protected that in the city. Batch zorch planning teacher, architect and scholar positively throw oneself into to this domain Intimate due seat and strong point were sought at this. Certainly, owing to the restriction of characteristic and the trade requirement of civil air defense trade, it is not balance that most city civil defense engineerings are built the development to the recognize that we still should regain consciousness, and part of construction person is to the entire concept knowledge limitations of city. Was particular about the images merely and the building style and the building school, and ignored the most minimum protection function; Or attention is inadequately, and making to build the function single and fragile, the city function is not not entirely. This text takes civil defense engineering construction and city sustainable devolepment as the subject, and in accordance with present time most of the level of understanding to the civil air defense of society urban construction persons limitedly is the premise, and passes through laing of basic theory and living example analysis, and put forward oneself viewpoint and method.
First chapter thesis is stressed to introduce people's air defence engineering construction source, development course and our country and is carried on the necessity of city people's air defence engineering construction stage at present. The city is as the special region of nation, and holding together the whole economic lifeline of nation, if not having the defence function on the function of city self, not having the basic capability of the natural and man-made calamities resisted, the city can not be permanently, and ecology is impossible and keeps balance, and the nation is impossible big and powerful, national culture can only time absolutely the time continues. Though the city exists region, the city function possesses consistent general character and the nature relying on.
Second chapter was chiefly introduced internal follow-on malpractice of city civil defense engineering construction as well as the civil defense engineering
development present situation and the question of existence by way of the living example.
The major length of third chapter was introduced the abroad civil defense engineering and was built the present situation with the way of doing things, and from command the engineering is arrived the part of specialty team engineering to build and all being embodied a construction of modern city the development utilization of secret space of city to pay attention to the thought, and embodies the substance of U.S.A and to some unilateral impetuous heart forms of urban construction aspect.
The 4th chapter from the civil defense engineering construction with nation economy the follow-on real present situation sets out, looking for out the city to protect shortcoming and gap in the function, the war from the strategy and the mankind follow-on highly put forward city living or death ability and protection method and measure. Simpler state the effect that the civil defense engineering was built to the city to be the recurrence that essence in source was given rise to just in mankind's life building space.
The 5th chapter analysed inquirement and the deliberation of the question that the policy and standard aspect of nation civil defense engineering construction exist. Research which done further to some concrete ways is discussed.
The 6th chapter from the secret space of city developed to build with the civil defense engineering to do the management combination the excavating the analysis of shallow administrative level
论文第一章着重介绍了人民防空工程建设出处、演变过程及我国现阶段进行城市人民防空工程建设的必要性。城市作为国家的特殊地域，维系着国家的整个经济命脉，如果从城市自身功能上不具备防卫功能，不具备抵御天灾人祸的基本能力，城市不可能长久，生态不可能平衡，国家不可能强大，民族文化只能时断时续。虽然城市存在地域性，但城市功能具有一致的共性和依赖性。
第二章主要通过实例介绍了国内城市人防工程建设发展的弊端以及人防工程发展现状和存在的问题。
第三章主要篇幅介绍了国外人防工程建设现状和作法，从指挥工程到部分专业队工程建设及与城市地下空间的开发利用相结合方面都体现出现代城市的建设理念，体现出美的实质和对城市建设方面一些片面的浮躁心态。
第四章从人防工程建设与国家经济发展的实际现状出发，找出城市防护功能
上的不足与差距，从战略和人类战争发展的高度提出了城市存亡能力和防护办法与措施。进一步简述了人防工程建设对城市的作用是人类生活建筑空间产生初源本质的回归。
第五章是对国家人防工程建设的政策、规范方面存在的问题的探讨和推敲。并对一些具体做法作了进一步的研究论述。
第六章从城市地下空间开发建设与人防工程经营结合方面作了浅层次的挖掘分析。
Takes precautions against natural calamities and reduces natural disasters in the city is the great event that concerns the national economy and the people's livelihood, and the successive dynasties all attach importance to very much. Our country is from reform and open, and the planning and urban construction standard in city got throughout the world the generally acknowledged raise. That the function gets strengthening of clear is protected that in the city. Batch zorch planning teacher, architect and scholar positively throw oneself into to this domain Intimate due seat and strong point were sought at this. Certainly, owing to the restriction of characteristic and the trade requirement of civil air defense trade, it is not balance that most city civil defense engineerings are built the development to the recognize that we still should regain consciousness, and part of construction person is to the entire concept knowledge limitations of city. Was particular about the images merely and the building style and the building school, and ignored the most minimum protection function; Or attention is inadequately, and making to build the function single and fragile, the city function is not not entirely. This text takes civil defense engineering construction and city sustainable devolepment as the subject, and in accordance with present time most of the level of understanding to the civil air defense of society urban construction persons limitedly is the premise, and passes through laing of basic theory and living example analysis, and put forward oneself viewpoint and method.
First chapter thesis is stressed to introduce people's air defence engineering construction source, development course and our country and is carried on the necessity of city people's air defence engineering construction stage at present. The city is as the special region of nation, and holding together the whole economic lifeline of nation, if not having the defence function on the function of city self, not having the basic capability of the natural and man-made calamities resisted, the city can not be permanently, and ecology is impossible and keeps balance, and the nation is impossible big and powerful, national culture can only time absolutely the time continues. Though the city exists region, the city function possesses consistent general character and the nature relying on.
Second chapter was chiefly introduced internal follow-on malpractice of city civil defense engineering construction as well as the civil defense engineering
development present situation and the question of existence by way of the living example.
The major length of third chapter was introduced the abroad civil defense engineering and was built the present situation with the way of doing things, and from command the engineering is arrived the part of specialty team engineering to build and all being embodied a construction of modern city the development utilization of secret space of city to pay attention to the thought, and embodies the substance of U.S.A and to some unilateral impetuous heart forms of urban construction aspect.
The 4th chapter from the civil defense engineering construction with nation economy the follow-on real present situation sets out, looking for out the city to protect shortcoming and gap in the function, the war from the strategy and the mankind follow-on highly put forward city living or death ability and protection method and measure. Simpler state the effect that the civil defense engineering was built to the city to be the recurrence that essence in source was given rise to just in mankind's life building space.
The 5th chapter analysed inquirement and the deliberation of the question that the policy and standard aspect of nation civil defense engineering construction exist. Research which done further to some concrete ways is discussed.
The 6th chapter from the secret space of city developed to build with the civil defense engineering to do the management combination the excavating the analysis of shallow administrative level
引文
梁振学著，建筑入口形态与设计，天津：天津大学出版社
王文卿著，城市地下空间规划与设计，东南大学出版社
束昱著，地下空间资源的开发与利用，上海：同济大学出版社
耿永常、赵晓红著，城市地下空间建筑，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社
中国工程院课题组编写，中国城市地下空间开发利用研究，中国建筑工业出版社
李相然、岳同助著，城市地下工程使用技术，中国建材出版社
何皎皎、刘元，生态城市建设与地下空间的开发利用初探，地下空间，2003.1
童林旭著，地下商业街规划设计，中国建筑工业出版社
彭一刚著，建筑空间组合论，中国建筑工业出版社
童林旭著，地下汽车库建筑设计，中国建筑工业出版社
周俭著，城市住宅区规划原理，同济大学出版社
[美]凯文.林奇著，方益萍、何晓军译，城市意象，华夏出版社
宛素春著，城市空间形态解析，科学出版社
龚焕文主编，人防工程建设管理，河北科学出版社
陈志龙、郭东军著，简论城市人防工程规划布局的原则，中国人民防空，2004.4
朱天明著，地下空间开发过程中的建筑策划，地下空间，2003.3
国家人民防空办公室编著，人防工程项目可行性研究，解放军出版社
王文卿著，城市地下空间规划与设计，东南大学出版社
束昱著，地下空间资源的开发与利用，上海：同济大学出版社
耿永常、赵晓红著，城市地下空间建筑，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社
中国工程院课题组编写，中国城市地下空间开发利用研究，中国建筑工业出版社
李相然、岳同助著，城市地下工程使用技术，中国建材出版社
何皎皎、刘元，生态城市建设与地下空间的开发利用初探，地下空间，2003.1
童林旭著，地下商业街规划设计，中国建筑工业出版社
彭一刚著，建筑空间组合论，中国建筑工业出版社
童林旭著，地下汽车库建筑设计，中国建筑工业出版社
周俭著，城市住宅区规划原理，同济大学出版社
[美]凯文.林奇著，方益萍、何晓军译，城市意象，华夏出版社
宛素春著，城市空间形态解析，科学出版社
龚焕文主编，人防工程建设管理，河北科学出版社
陈志龙、郭东军著，简论城市人防工程规划布局的原则，中国人民防空，2004.4
朱天明著，地下空间开发过程中的建筑策划，地下空间，2003.3
国家人民防空办公室编著，人防工程项目可行性研究，解放军出版社