知识密集型服务业员工知识共享影响因素研究
摘要
知识密集型服务业(简称KIBS)是那些显著依赖于专业性知识,向社会和用户提供以知识为基础的中间产品和服务的行业或部门。员工的专业知识是KIBS企业的核心竞争力。研究员工知识共享对KIBS有重要意义。
本文首先通过文献调查回顾了KIBS、知识共享的基本概念和内涵,梳理了知识共享过程及影响因素方面的理论,探讨了KIBS员工知识共享的概念及影响因素。分析表明知识共享机制、知识特性、员工知识共享能力、激励机制、企业文化都有可能对KIBS员工知识共享产生重要影响。
本文构建了KIBS员工知识共享影响因素的理论模型。并通过对KIBS的专家访谈与问卷调查收集样本,使用SPSS16.0软件工具就以上5个因素对KIBS员工知识共享绩效的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明：知识共享机制对知识共享态度有正面影响；知识特性中的知识共享性对知识共享业绩有正面影响；激励机制对知识共享态度有正面影响；企业文化对知识共享绩效的两个方面(共享态度及共享业绩)均有正面影响；由于KIBS的特殊性,在传统的知识共享研究中占据重要地位的员工知识共享能力对KIBS员工知识共享绩效没有显著影响。
最后本文对研究结论做出解释,对理论模型进行修正,并提出政策建议。
Knowledge intensive business service(KIBS) are those private companies or organizations who are rely heavily on professional knowledge and supplying intermediate products and service which are knowledge based. The expertise of staff is a KIBS enterprise's core competitiveness.Researching of KIBS staff Knowledge-sharing has great significance.
This paper first reviewed the literature survey of the basic concepts and content of KIBS and knowledge-sharing, and combed the theory of knowledge sharing process and influence factors, then discussed the concept of KIBS staff knowledge sharing and influencing factors. Analysis showed that the knowledge-sharing mechanism, knowledge characteristics, staff knowledge-sharing capabilities, incentives mechanism, corporate culture is likely to have important influence on KIBS staff knowledge sharing.
This paper had built a theoretical model of KIBS staff knowledge sharing influencing factors. And then the writer collected samples through interviewing KIBS experts and a questionnaire survey. By using software tool of SPSS16.0, the writer did an empirical study to research the performance of five factors above on KIBS staffs knowledge sharing. The results showed that:Knowledge Sharing Mechanism havs a positive impact on the knowledge-sharing attitudes; the knowledge-sharing nature of knowledge characteristics performances a positive impact on knowledge-sharing achievement; incentives mechanism havs a positive impact on knowledge-sharing attitudes; corporate culture on knowledge sharing has positive impact on both two aspects (knowledge-sharing attitudes & knowledge-sharing achievement) of the knowledge-sharing performance. Due to the special nature of KIBS, staff knowledge-sharing ability showed no significant influences on KIBS staffs knowledge-sharing performance.
Finally, the paper gave some explanation on the findings, verified and modifed the theoretical model, and made policy recommendations.
本文首先通过文献调查回顾了KIBS、知识共享的基本概念和内涵,梳理了知识共享过程及影响因素方面的理论,探讨了KIBS员工知识共享的概念及影响因素。分析表明知识共享机制、知识特性、员工知识共享能力、激励机制、企业文化都有可能对KIBS员工知识共享产生重要影响。
本文构建了KIBS员工知识共享影响因素的理论模型。并通过对KIBS的专家访谈与问卷调查收集样本,使用SPSS16.0软件工具就以上5个因素对KIBS员工知识共享绩效的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明：知识共享机制对知识共享态度有正面影响；知识特性中的知识共享性对知识共享业绩有正面影响；激励机制对知识共享态度有正面影响；企业文化对知识共享绩效的两个方面(共享态度及共享业绩)均有正面影响；由于KIBS的特殊性,在传统的知识共享研究中占据重要地位的员工知识共享能力对KIBS员工知识共享绩效没有显著影响。
最后本文对研究结论做出解释,对理论模型进行修正,并提出政策建议。
Knowledge intensive business service(KIBS) are those private companies or organizations who are rely heavily on professional knowledge and supplying intermediate products and service which are knowledge based. The expertise of staff is a KIBS enterprise's core competitiveness.Researching of KIBS staff Knowledge-sharing has great significance.
This paper first reviewed the literature survey of the basic concepts and content of KIBS and knowledge-sharing, and combed the theory of knowledge sharing process and influence factors, then discussed the concept of KIBS staff knowledge sharing and influencing factors. Analysis showed that the knowledge-sharing mechanism, knowledge characteristics, staff knowledge-sharing capabilities, incentives mechanism, corporate culture is likely to have important influence on KIBS staff knowledge sharing.
This paper had built a theoretical model of KIBS staff knowledge sharing influencing factors. And then the writer collected samples through interviewing KIBS experts and a questionnaire survey. By using software tool of SPSS16.0, the writer did an empirical study to research the performance of five factors above on KIBS staffs knowledge sharing. The results showed that:Knowledge Sharing Mechanism havs a positive impact on the knowledge-sharing attitudes; the knowledge-sharing nature of knowledge characteristics performances a positive impact on knowledge-sharing achievement; incentives mechanism havs a positive impact on knowledge-sharing attitudes; corporate culture on knowledge sharing has positive impact on both two aspects (knowledge-sharing attitudes & knowledge-sharing achievement) of the knowledge-sharing performance. Due to the special nature of KIBS, staff knowledge-sharing ability showed no significant influences on KIBS staffs knowledge-sharing performance.
Finally, the paper gave some explanation on the findings, verified and modifed the theoretical model, and made policy recommendations.
引文
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[3]Jon Sundbo, Faiz Gallouj. Innovation as a loosely coupled system in services, SI4S Topical Paper, N 4. Oslo:STEP Group.
[4]胡松,蔺雷.服务创新组织模式初探.科技管理研究,2005(12)：206～208
[5]杨瑞龙,周夜安.企业的利益相关者理论及其应用,北京：经济科学出版社,2000.
[6]Prahclad.Hame. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review,1990,68(3):79～91.
[7]项国鹏.知识理与企业核心能力的培育.南开管理答理评论,2001：(6)69～73.
[8]魏长生.营造知识共享的企业文化.有色冶金设计与研究,2004,25(4)：83～87
[9]易法敏.核心能力导向的企业知识转移与创新研究：[博士学位论文].北京：中国人民大学,2004
[10]Heidi Wiig Aslesen, Arne Isaksen, Lasse Sigbjφrn Stambol. KIBS and industrial development of cities. Labour mobility, innovation and client interaction,44th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Porto.2004
[11]Fiocca, R, Gianola, A., Network Analysis of Knowledge-Intensive services:IMP Conference 2003, Lugano (CH),4th-6th September 2003, Work-in-Progress Paper.
[12]Emmanuel Muller, Andrea Zenker. Business services as actors of knowledge transformation:the role of KIBS in regional and national innovation systems. Research Policy,2001 (30):1501～1516.
[13]Walter Thomi, Thorsten Bohn. Knowledge Intensive Business Services in Regional Systems of Innovation-Initial Results from the Case of Southeast-Finland,43rd European Congress of the Regional Science Association, Jyvaskyla, Finland.2003
[14]Miles I, Kastrinos N, Bilderbeek R, et al. Knowledge intensive business services:their role as users, carriers and sources of innovation. Manchester: PREST,1995.
[15]纪圣森.知识密集型服务创新的研究现状与评述.引进与咨询,2006(12)：43～44
[16]汪应洛,李勖.知识转移特征的研究.系统工程理论与实践,2002(10)：8～11.
[17]胡婉丽,汤书昆.基于研发过程的知识创造和知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(01)：21～24
[18]魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究.技术经济与管理研究,2004(01)：68～69.
[19]石晶.KIBS员工之间的共振效应与隐性知识共享研究.广西大学学报(社学社会科学版),2007,29(5)：42～45
[20]余雪军,毛捷,潘海波.中国知识服务业发展问题探析.软科学,2002(3)：12～16
[21]蔺雷,吴贵生.KIBS在创新中的作用.科学研究,2003(21)：257～260
[22]彭颢舒,叶小梁.知识密集型服务业创新要素模型研究.现代情报,2006(10)：8～10
[23]Baark, E. Innovation in a Knowledge-Intensive Service:The Case of Engineering Consultancy, working paper.
[24]王璨,冯勤超,平育后.知识密集型企业内部知识共享模型研究.价值工程,2008(11)：114～117
[25]Nonaka 1. Takeuchi H. The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford:Oxford University Press.1995
[26]张作风.知识共享机制及其在企业中的构建：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国科学院研究生院,2004
[27]梁海光.知识共享的企业文化研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：北京交通大学,2008
[28]林东清.知识管理理论与实践.北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[29]Hendriks,P. Why share Knowledge:The Influence of ICT on Motivation for Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge and Process Management,1999.
[30]Nancy,M.D. Common Knowledge:How Companies thrive by sharing what they know. Long Range Planning,2001(34)
[31]杨溢.企业内知识共享与知识创新的实现.情报科学,2003,21(10)：1107～1109
[32]李富强,葛新权,吴永林.知识共享的企业知识共享系统.中国软科学,2002(10)：56
[33]樊治平,孙永洪.知识共享综述.管理学报,2006(3)：168～178
[34]郁义鸿,知识管理与组织创新.上海：复旦大学出版社,2001
[35]Ryu S, Ho S H, Han I. A set of frameworks to aid the project manager in conceptualizing and implementing knowledge management initiatives. International Journal of Project Management 2003(21):189～198
[36]Nonaka, Takeuchi,. The knowledge-creation company-how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford:Ox-ford University Press.1995.
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