科技型中小企业知识吸收能力与创新绩效关系研究
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摘要
知识已经成为经济发展的主要资源,也是企业保持竞争优势的主要资源。科技型中小企业虽然只占中小企业的很小一部分,但是已经成为经济发展的重要力量之一,科技型中小企业对经济发展的带动作用日趋明显。延展资源基础观认为,企业外部知识资源对企业的价值也较大。我国科技型中小企业主要走模仿和自主创新相结合模式,因此研究科技型中小企业哪些因素影响知识吸收能力及知识吸收能力对创新绩效的关系,从而有效地提升企业的知识吸收能力,具有一定的现实意义。
本文首先对知识、知识吸收能力、知识吸收能力影响因素、知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效的关系进行相关国内外文献综述；其次,根据我国科技型中小企业实际情况,结合国内外学者的研究,提出科技型中小企业知识吸收能力的五个影响因素,认为企业知识吸收能力对提高创新绩效具有重要作用,构建了科技型中小企业知识吸收能力影响因素——知识吸收能力——创新绩效的系统理论模型；最后进行实证研究,通过访谈和问卷调查进行本次研究的数据收集,共收到有效问卷174份。运用软件SPSS13.0对数据结果进行相关和回归分析,并得到以下结论：科技型中小企业知识吸收能力由潜在吸收能力和实现吸收能力构成；企业变革态度、研发投入程度、外部支持对企业潜在吸收能力影响显著；企业先验知识、员工培训与制度支持、企业变革态度对实现吸收能力影响显著,潜在吸收能力和实现吸收能力都对创新绩效影响显著。
Knowledge has become the major resource of economic development, It is also the major resource of maintaining the competitive advantage for enterprises. Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises represent only a small fraction of small and medium enterprises, but they have become an important force of economic development, Leading role of Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in economic development becomes increasingly evident. Extended resource-based view suggests that the knowledge resources outside the enterprise have great value to the enterprise. In management mode, Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises basically takes imitation and independent innovation pattern. So there is a significant realistic meaning to research on which factor can affect the knowledge absorptive capacity in enterprises and the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity innovational performance and take measures to effectively enhance the knowledge absorptive capacity.
First, this paper has the literature reviews and theoretical analysis about knowledge, knowledge absorptive capacity, affecting factors knowledge absorptive capacity and its affect on innovational performance; Second, according to the actual situation of Chinese Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, combining with domestic and foreign Related research, the paper sets five key affecting factors of Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises' knowledge absorptive capacity and thinks that knowledge absorptive capacity has an important role in improving innovational performance. Based on these efforts, this article composes the system theoretical model about affecting factors of knowledge absorptive capacity, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovational performance. Finally, this paper carries on empirical research to test the model hypothesis for Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, collections data through interviews and questionnaires in this study and receives a total of 174 valid questionnaires. The article performs correlation and regression analysis to data with software SPSS 13.0, and gets the following conclusions:business change attitudes, R&D intensity and external support to enterprises have a significant impact on the potential absorptive capacity ,business priori knowledge, staff training and institutional support, business change attitudes have a significant impact on the realized absorptive capacity, but the different affecting factors have different contribution to absorptive capacity, Both potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity have a significant impact on innovational performance, but realized absorptive capacity's effectiveness on innovational performance is greater than potential absorptive capacity.
本文首先对知识、知识吸收能力、知识吸收能力影响因素、知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效的关系进行相关国内外文献综述；其次,根据我国科技型中小企业实际情况,结合国内外学者的研究,提出科技型中小企业知识吸收能力的五个影响因素,认为企业知识吸收能力对提高创新绩效具有重要作用,构建了科技型中小企业知识吸收能力影响因素——知识吸收能力——创新绩效的系统理论模型；最后进行实证研究,通过访谈和问卷调查进行本次研究的数据收集,共收到有效问卷174份。运用软件SPSS13.0对数据结果进行相关和回归分析,并得到以下结论：科技型中小企业知识吸收能力由潜在吸收能力和实现吸收能力构成；企业变革态度、研发投入程度、外部支持对企业潜在吸收能力影响显著；企业先验知识、员工培训与制度支持、企业变革态度对实现吸收能力影响显著,潜在吸收能力和实现吸收能力都对创新绩效影响显著。
Knowledge has become the major resource of economic development, It is also the major resource of maintaining the competitive advantage for enterprises. Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises represent only a small fraction of small and medium enterprises, but they have become an important force of economic development, Leading role of Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in economic development becomes increasingly evident. Extended resource-based view suggests that the knowledge resources outside the enterprise have great value to the enterprise. In management mode, Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises basically takes imitation and independent innovation pattern. So there is a significant realistic meaning to research on which factor can affect the knowledge absorptive capacity in enterprises and the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity innovational performance and take measures to effectively enhance the knowledge absorptive capacity.
First, this paper has the literature reviews and theoretical analysis about knowledge, knowledge absorptive capacity, affecting factors knowledge absorptive capacity and its affect on innovational performance; Second, according to the actual situation of Chinese Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, combining with domestic and foreign Related research, the paper sets five key affecting factors of Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises' knowledge absorptive capacity and thinks that knowledge absorptive capacity has an important role in improving innovational performance. Based on these efforts, this article composes the system theoretical model about affecting factors of knowledge absorptive capacity, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovational performance. Finally, this paper carries on empirical research to test the model hypothesis for Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, collections data through interviews and questionnaires in this study and receives a total of 174 valid questionnaires. The article performs correlation and regression analysis to data with software SPSS 13.0, and gets the following conclusions:business change attitudes, R&D intensity and external support to enterprises have a significant impact on the potential absorptive capacity ,business priori knowledge, staff training and institutional support, business change attitudes have a significant impact on the realized absorptive capacity, but the different affecting factors have different contribution to absorptive capacity, Both potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity have a significant impact on innovational performance, but realized absorptive capacity's effectiveness on innovational performance is greater than potential absorptive capacity.
引文
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