聋校教师教育信息技术应用现状、问题及对策的研究
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摘要
特殊教育是我国基础教育体系的重要组成部分，至2005年底，我国特殊教育学校已达1593所，义务教育阶段残疾学生已超过36万。信息技术的迅猛发展不仅带动了普通教育的改革，也影响到特殊教育的发展进程。
本项研究主要选取特殊教育中的聋教育作为对蒙，就聋校教师信息技术应用现状问题，采用问卷调查法作为主要方法进行研究。搜集了全国十余个市、县、乡镇聋校教师信息技术应用的数据资料，对资料进行整理、分析，基本明确了聋校教师信息技术应用过程中存在的主要问题。
通过调查发现：资金投入不足是所有学校信息技术发展过程中潜在的、最根本的问题。软硬件管理不到位，缺少方便的硬件资源，缺少聋教育所需要的专业软件资源是影响教师利用信息技术教学的主要因素；城乡聋校之间软硬件配备存在差距；领导对教师信息技术应用重视不够、缺少激励措施；教师常规媒体操作，与计算机、网络相关的基本操作都不够熟练；教师培训耗资大、效果不明显。这些都是聋教育信息化过程中不容忽视的重要问题。本文以问题为依据，结合聋校办学条件，借鉴普通教育信息技术过程中的经验，提出了相应的教师信息技术应用与培训的建议与对策。
本文提出，要切实提高聋校教师信息技术应用能力，聋校就要加强信息化环境建设的科学规划；以政府投入为建设资金的主要来源，同时通过多种渠道筹措资金；完善聋校设备管理制度，方便教师信息技术教学提高现有设备的利用率；丰富学校软件资源库及网络资源库；建立学校激励制度，鼓励教师信息化教学；改变传统的培训模式，建立新型的培训机制。只有采取相应的对策才能以信息化带动聋教育现代化。
The informationalization is an inevitable trend of economic and social development of our time . The informationalization has already been becoming the important content of modernization of various countries, under the background of impelling the informationalization of education in a more cost-effective manner , there must be an Essential change in informationalization.
The special education has already been becoming the important content of Elementary education in our country, the number of special education school has been 1593 And The number of the students with special need has reach 36millions in the stage of free education at the end of 2005,The fast development of informationalization not only Impetus General education but also impacts the development of special education.
I have choosen more than ten Deaf education schools which locates in cities or countries as the study objects, discusses how to improve deaf education school teachers apply information technology to daily teaching by means of the investigation on current situations of IT application of teachers and the analysis of its existing problems, this investigation shows that teacher all Acknowledges that Information technology(IT) play a very important role in daily teaching, but there are still some problem existed, first, the rate of using IT in daily teaching is lover than expected, IT mainly used in some Appraisal classed or open classes. The main reasons are lack of the resource of hard-ware an professional soft-ware used deaf education school and there are disparity between cities and countries in the occupancy of hard-ware or soft-ware. Second, The use rate of IT is very low, the rate is 65.72% which includes the low use rate of rich resource and the low use rate of lack resource. The reason is there has no efficient management and the Principals didn't vale IT using in education ,all the above lead to the result that teachers can't use Equipments in convenience。Third, teachers can skilled operate Regular equipment such as TV and Projecting apparatus but not in information Information gathering equipment .teachers lack the operation skill of regular soft-ware such as office and Internet except Windows and they also lack the theory of instructional technology.
we could see that lack of Fund investment is the potential and foundamental problem in process of IT development basic on current situations of IT application of teachers in Deaf education school, teachers can't skilled operate regular equipment such as computer and lnternet, though the input in teacher training is huge but the effect didn't obvious, these are all the important problems that we can't neglecte, this thesis produces corresponding suggestion and solution based on showing problems and experience of general education in IT applying and teacher training.
The thesis suggests that schools have to make the constructional plan of IT environment Scientific; take the government as the main-source and raise the fund by Many kinds of channels; consummate the deaf school equipment control system, enhances the using rate of existing equipments; rich school's storage of soft-ware and network resource; built the motivation system ,motivate teachers use IT in daily teaching; change traditional training model to new one. We must do something to Achieves modernization of Deaf education by means of Informationization.
本项研究主要选取特殊教育中的聋教育作为对蒙，就聋校教师信息技术应用现状问题，采用问卷调查法作为主要方法进行研究。搜集了全国十余个市、县、乡镇聋校教师信息技术应用的数据资料，对资料进行整理、分析，基本明确了聋校教师信息技术应用过程中存在的主要问题。
通过调查发现：资金投入不足是所有学校信息技术发展过程中潜在的、最根本的问题。软硬件管理不到位，缺少方便的硬件资源，缺少聋教育所需要的专业软件资源是影响教师利用信息技术教学的主要因素；城乡聋校之间软硬件配备存在差距；领导对教师信息技术应用重视不够、缺少激励措施；教师常规媒体操作，与计算机、网络相关的基本操作都不够熟练；教师培训耗资大、效果不明显。这些都是聋教育信息化过程中不容忽视的重要问题。本文以问题为依据，结合聋校办学条件，借鉴普通教育信息技术过程中的经验，提出了相应的教师信息技术应用与培训的建议与对策。
本文提出，要切实提高聋校教师信息技术应用能力，聋校就要加强信息化环境建设的科学规划；以政府投入为建设资金的主要来源，同时通过多种渠道筹措资金；完善聋校设备管理制度，方便教师信息技术教学提高现有设备的利用率；丰富学校软件资源库及网络资源库；建立学校激励制度，鼓励教师信息化教学；改变传统的培训模式，建立新型的培训机制。只有采取相应的对策才能以信息化带动聋教育现代化。
The informationalization is an inevitable trend of economic and social development of our time . The informationalization has already been becoming the important content of modernization of various countries, under the background of impelling the informationalization of education in a more cost-effective manner , there must be an Essential change in informationalization.
The special education has already been becoming the important content of Elementary education in our country, the number of special education school has been 1593 And The number of the students with special need has reach 36millions in the stage of free education at the end of 2005,The fast development of informationalization not only Impetus General education but also impacts the development of special education.
I have choosen more than ten Deaf education schools which locates in cities or countries as the study objects, discusses how to improve deaf education school teachers apply information technology to daily teaching by means of the investigation on current situations of IT application of teachers and the analysis of its existing problems, this investigation shows that teacher all Acknowledges that Information technology(IT) play a very important role in daily teaching, but there are still some problem existed, first, the rate of using IT in daily teaching is lover than expected, IT mainly used in some Appraisal classed or open classes. The main reasons are lack of the resource of hard-ware an professional soft-ware used deaf education school and there are disparity between cities and countries in the occupancy of hard-ware or soft-ware. Second, The use rate of IT is very low, the rate is 65.72% which includes the low use rate of rich resource and the low use rate of lack resource. The reason is there has no efficient management and the Principals didn't vale IT using in education ,all the above lead to the result that teachers can't use Equipments in convenience。Third, teachers can skilled operate Regular equipment such as TV and Projecting apparatus but not in information Information gathering equipment .teachers lack the operation skill of regular soft-ware such as office and Internet except Windows and they also lack the theory of instructional technology.
we could see that lack of Fund investment is the potential and foundamental problem in process of IT development basic on current situations of IT application of teachers in Deaf education school, teachers can't skilled operate regular equipment such as computer and lnternet, though the input in teacher training is huge but the effect didn't obvious, these are all the important problems that we can't neglecte, this thesis produces corresponding suggestion and solution based on showing problems and experience of general education in IT applying and teacher training.
The thesis suggests that schools have to make the constructional plan of IT environment Scientific; take the government as the main-source and raise the fund by Many kinds of channels; consummate the deaf school equipment control system, enhances the using rate of existing equipments; rich school's storage of soft-ware and network resource; built the motivation system ,motivate teachers use IT in daily teaching; change traditional training model to new one. We must do something to Achieves modernization of Deaf education by means of Informationization.
引文
① 李克东．教育传播科学研究方法[M]．高等教育出版社．1990
① 李克东．教育传播科学研究方法[M]．高等教育出版社．1990
① 南国农．李运林教育传播学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
[1] 陈至立．抓住机遇，加快发展，住中小学大力普及信息技术教育[EB/OL]．http://ebio.wjszzx.cn/html/2007-01/3794.htm, 2007-01-09.
[2] 宗荣秋．基于信息技术的教育改革与创新[J]．教育研究，2001，(05)：41-45．
[3] 中国残疾人联合会．2004年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报[EB/OL]．http://www.cdpf.org.cn/shiye/sj-04.htm, 2005-11-08.
[4] 中国特殊教育网．关于举办首届全国特殊学校教师信息技术综合应用能力大赛的通知[EB/OL] http://bbs.spe-edu.net/dispbbs.asp?boardID=1&ID=8228&page=1, 2006-11-16.
[5] 教育部．聋校义务教育课程设置实验方案[EB/OL]. http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/website18/info24961.hem. 2007-02-02.
[6] 戴小明．中小学教师的现代信息技术素养研究[D]．南昌：江西师范大学教育科学院，2003．
[7] 陈云英，张冲，张婧．全国特殊学校信息技术建设现状与对策研究[J]．中国特殊教育 2005，(5)：91-94．
[8] 南国农．信息技术教育与创新人才培养(上)[J]．电化教育研究，2001，(8)：42-45．
[9] 汪基德．由教育信息技术的定义所想起的问题——兼论教育技术学与教育学领域中概念的泛化与歧义[J]．电化教育研究，2006，(2)：34-38．
[10] 何克抗，李文光．教育技术学[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，2002．4．
[11][23] 陶建华．现代信息技术在聋校教育中的应用现状和思考[EB/OL]．http://www.szwzlx.com:8080/jszhy/taojianhua/tjh/jllwl.htm, 2007-03-14.
[12] 现代特殊教育部．关于21世纪我国聋教育改革与发展的建议[J]．现代特殊教育，2001(1)：11．
[13][17] 朴永馨．特殊教育学[M]．福州：福建教育出版社，1995．156-157，67．
[14] 欣心．霍华德．加德纳的“多元智能”理论[J]．北京教育，2002，(05)：10-11．
[15] 何克抗．信息技术与课程整合的目标与意义[J]．教育研究，2002，(4)：39-43．
[16] 马歇尔·麦克卢汉．理解媒介—论人的延伸[M]．北京：商务印书馆，2000：1-9．
[18] 钱学森．关于思维科学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1986，137-141．
[19] 甄宗武．甘肃省城市中学校园网建设与应用现状及发展对策研究[D]．兰州：西北师范大学教育技术育传播学院，2004．
[20][32] 张欣，范如涌，安宝生．中美基础教育信息化国家项目资金管理的政策分析[J]．比较教育研究 2005，(06)：47-52．
[21][31] 全国特殊教育“十一五发展规划”[EB/OL]．http://www.tejiao.net/Html/Article/ziyuan_pindao/zcwx_ziyuan/1103.html
[22] 乌美娜．教学设计[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1994．30-34．
[24] 党力．课堂多媒体教学过程中的问题与对策[J]．教育技术理论与实践，2005，(4)：41-42．
[25] 黄松爱，唐文和，董玉琦．日本基础教育信息化最新进展述评[J]．中国电化教育 2006，(08)：89-93．
[26] 教育司．《中小学教师信息技术培训指导意见(试行)》[EB/OL]．ttp://hxj.mdjedu.cn/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=1219, 2007-03-13.
[27] 张宁生．大大连建设应重视特教事业[EB/OL]．http://www.daliandpf.org.cn/cn/magazine/show.asp?articleid=97, 2007-03-12
[28] 张和平．特殊教育发展篇之改革与创新．张男星．中国教育研究论丛[C]．北京：中国言实出版社，2003：79-81．
[29] 黎加厚，赵英芳，潘洪涛．美国国家教育技术计划--迈向美国教育的黄金时代[J]．中国电化教育 2005，(04)：76--81．
[30] 乔贵春，李娜，彭文辉．特殊教育中信息技术的应用初探[J]．现代远程教育研究 2005，(6)：23-25．
[33] 章献明．给教育资源打上学校的烙印—关于现代教育信息技术校本资源建设与应用的思考[N]．中国教育报，2005-8-22，(5)．
[34] 叶浩生．心理学理论精粹[M]．福州：福建教育出版社，2000．406-407．
① 李克东．教育传播科学研究方法[M]．高等教育出版社．1990
① 南国农．李运林教育传播学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
[1] 陈至立．抓住机遇，加快发展，住中小学大力普及信息技术教育[EB/OL]．http://ebio.wjszzx.cn/html/2007-01/3794.htm, 2007-01-09.
[2] 宗荣秋．基于信息技术的教育改革与创新[J]．教育研究，2001，(05)：41-45．
[3] 中国残疾人联合会．2004年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报[EB/OL]．http://www.cdpf.org.cn/shiye/sj-04.htm, 2005-11-08.
[4] 中国特殊教育网．关于举办首届全国特殊学校教师信息技术综合应用能力大赛的通知[EB/OL] http://bbs.spe-edu.net/dispbbs.asp?boardID=1&ID=8228&page=1, 2006-11-16.
[5] 教育部．聋校义务教育课程设置实验方案[EB/OL]. http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/website18/info24961.hem. 2007-02-02.
[6] 戴小明．中小学教师的现代信息技术素养研究[D]．南昌：江西师范大学教育科学院，2003．
[7] 陈云英，张冲，张婧．全国特殊学校信息技术建设现状与对策研究[J]．中国特殊教育 2005，(5)：91-94．
[8] 南国农．信息技术教育与创新人才培养(上)[J]．电化教育研究，2001，(8)：42-45．
[9] 汪基德．由教育信息技术的定义所想起的问题——兼论教育技术学与教育学领域中概念的泛化与歧义[J]．电化教育研究，2006，(2)：34-38．
[10] 何克抗，李文光．教育技术学[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，2002．4．
[11][23] 陶建华．现代信息技术在聋校教育中的应用现状和思考[EB/OL]．http://www.szwzlx.com:8080/jszhy/taojianhua/tjh/jllwl.htm, 2007-03-14.
[12] 现代特殊教育部．关于21世纪我国聋教育改革与发展的建议[J]．现代特殊教育，2001(1)：11．
[13][17] 朴永馨．特殊教育学[M]．福州：福建教育出版社，1995．156-157，67．
[14] 欣心．霍华德．加德纳的“多元智能”理论[J]．北京教育，2002，(05)：10-11．
[15] 何克抗．信息技术与课程整合的目标与意义[J]．教育研究，2002，(4)：39-43．
[16] 马歇尔·麦克卢汉．理解媒介—论人的延伸[M]．北京：商务印书馆，2000：1-9．
[18] 钱学森．关于思维科学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1986，137-141．
[19] 甄宗武．甘肃省城市中学校园网建设与应用现状及发展对策研究[D]．兰州：西北师范大学教育技术育传播学院，2004．
[20][32] 张欣，范如涌，安宝生．中美基础教育信息化国家项目资金管理的政策分析[J]．比较教育研究 2005，(06)：47-52．
[21][31] 全国特殊教育“十一五发展规划”[EB/OL]．http://www.tejiao.net/Html/Article/ziyuan_pindao/zcwx_ziyuan/1103.html
[22] 乌美娜．教学设计[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1994．30-34．
[24] 党力．课堂多媒体教学过程中的问题与对策[J]．教育技术理论与实践，2005，(4)：41-42．
[25] 黄松爱，唐文和，董玉琦．日本基础教育信息化最新进展述评[J]．中国电化教育 2006，(08)：89-93．
[26] 教育司．《中小学教师信息技术培训指导意见(试行)》[EB/OL]．ttp://hxj.mdjedu.cn/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=1219, 2007-03-13.
[27] 张宁生．大大连建设应重视特教事业[EB/OL]．http://www.daliandpf.org.cn/cn/magazine/show.asp?articleid=97, 2007-03-12
[28] 张和平．特殊教育发展篇之改革与创新．张男星．中国教育研究论丛[C]．北京：中国言实出版社，2003：79-81．
[29] 黎加厚，赵英芳，潘洪涛．美国国家教育技术计划--迈向美国教育的黄金时代[J]．中国电化教育 2005，(04)：76--81．
[30] 乔贵春，李娜，彭文辉．特殊教育中信息技术的应用初探[J]．现代远程教育研究 2005，(6)：23-25．
[33] 章献明．给教育资源打上学校的烙印—关于现代教育信息技术校本资源建设与应用的思考[N]．中国教育报，2005-8-22，(5)．
[34] 叶浩生．心理学理论精粹[M]．福州：福建教育出版社，2000．406-407．