智能化配电网故障定位与恢复重构研究
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摘要
配电网是电力系统面向用户的最后一个环节,随着电力系统的不断发展,配电自动化已成为电力系统的重要部分。而配电网故障定位及恢复重构作为配电自动化系统的核心功能,其目的是配电网故障后迅速对故障区域定位、隔离,并尽快恢复非故障区域的供电。本文着重探讨了配电网故障定位和恢复重构相关算法。
拓扑描述是配电网分析的基础,配电网的故障定位及网络重构均离不开配电网的拓扑结构。目前大多数配电网故障定位的矩阵算法,均以各节点为研究对象。这些算法中,首先进行网络矩阵描述,利用得到的描述矩阵进行故障定位运算,这样运算规模庞大,过程复杂,并且难以解决馈线末端故障问题。本文对配电网进行分块处理,将网络分解为只含耦合点的区域和不含耦合的区段。在此基础上提出了基于配电网拓扑结构分块的故障定位算法,首先对配电网进行分块描述,然后利用各分块配电网的顶点故障信息确定故障所在分块,最后利用该分块内各节点的故障信息就能确定故障所发生的具体馈线。该算法无需对网络每个节点进行搜索判定,并且同样适用于馈线末端故障问题,简化了故障定位的计算量,提升了算法的实时性。
配电网发生故障后,需要利用恢复重构来实现对非故障区域的恢复供电。配电网重构的目标很多,本文采用配电网网损最小为优化目标。考虑到恢复重构对实时性的要求,在支路算法的基础上,通过合理的是参数简化,提出了基于电压降的配电网故障恢复重构。算法具有计算量小,重构效率高的特点,最后通过典型的实例验证了算法的准确性,为该算法的工程实用化提供了保证。
Distribution network is the last part of power system which faces to the customers directly. With the continuous development of power system, the distribution automation system becomes tremendously valuable. Fault location and reconfiguration for distribution network are the critical functions of feeder automation system, it's essential to detect and isolate the fault feeder line and restore power supply for outage area as soon as possible while fault appears. Study the algorithms of fault diagnosis and restoration reconfiguration in distribution network is the core of this paper.
The analysis of distribution network is based on topology model, and the fault location and reconfiguration are not individual with the topology model of distribution networks. Right now, most matrix algorithms for fault location take the each nod of distribution network as subject of study. In these algorithms, the topology model of network is required first, and then the optimal result can be got from the matrix operation. But it will take a long time to the matrix calculation; meanwhile, these algorithms do not suit the fault location at the terminal of feeder line. The distribution network is divided into several sections, and some of these parts only contain coupling point, the others ignore coupling point. A new algorithm of fault location is put forward based on this theory, which first gets the topology model of each section, then makes use of the vertexes information of each section to ensure the zone of the fault, and the last, makes use of the fault information of each nod in this zone to locate the fault feeder line accurately. This algorithm only needs the information which is from small part of nods. And it also suits the fault happened at the terminal of feeder line. The algorithm proposed can simplify the computation greatly and improved the real time character of algorithm as well.
While the fault happens in the distribution network, power restoration for outage area should be carried out through restoration reconfiguration quickly. The objects of reconfiguration are numerous and the minimum network loss is taken as the reconfiguration object of this thesis. Considering the demand of high efficiency to restoration reconfiguration, some parameters of distribution network are simplified, and then the voltage drop for service restoration reconfiguration in distribution network is proposed on the base of branch exchange algorithm. The restoration reconfiguration algorithm presented has the factor of low amount of calculation and high efficiency. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by sample testes, which ensures the algorithm's engineering practicality.
拓扑描述是配电网分析的基础,配电网的故障定位及网络重构均离不开配电网的拓扑结构。目前大多数配电网故障定位的矩阵算法,均以各节点为研究对象。这些算法中,首先进行网络矩阵描述,利用得到的描述矩阵进行故障定位运算,这样运算规模庞大,过程复杂,并且难以解决馈线末端故障问题。本文对配电网进行分块处理,将网络分解为只含耦合点的区域和不含耦合的区段。在此基础上提出了基于配电网拓扑结构分块的故障定位算法,首先对配电网进行分块描述,然后利用各分块配电网的顶点故障信息确定故障所在分块,最后利用该分块内各节点的故障信息就能确定故障所发生的具体馈线。该算法无需对网络每个节点进行搜索判定,并且同样适用于馈线末端故障问题,简化了故障定位的计算量,提升了算法的实时性。
配电网发生故障后,需要利用恢复重构来实现对非故障区域的恢复供电。配电网重构的目标很多,本文采用配电网网损最小为优化目标。考虑到恢复重构对实时性的要求,在支路算法的基础上,通过合理的是参数简化,提出了基于电压降的配电网故障恢复重构。算法具有计算量小,重构效率高的特点,最后通过典型的实例验证了算法的准确性,为该算法的工程实用化提供了保证。
Distribution network is the last part of power system which faces to the customers directly. With the continuous development of power system, the distribution automation system becomes tremendously valuable. Fault location and reconfiguration for distribution network are the critical functions of feeder automation system, it's essential to detect and isolate the fault feeder line and restore power supply for outage area as soon as possible while fault appears. Study the algorithms of fault diagnosis and restoration reconfiguration in distribution network is the core of this paper.
The analysis of distribution network is based on topology model, and the fault location and reconfiguration are not individual with the topology model of distribution networks. Right now, most matrix algorithms for fault location take the each nod of distribution network as subject of study. In these algorithms, the topology model of network is required first, and then the optimal result can be got from the matrix operation. But it will take a long time to the matrix calculation; meanwhile, these algorithms do not suit the fault location at the terminal of feeder line. The distribution network is divided into several sections, and some of these parts only contain coupling point, the others ignore coupling point. A new algorithm of fault location is put forward based on this theory, which first gets the topology model of each section, then makes use of the vertexes information of each section to ensure the zone of the fault, and the last, makes use of the fault information of each nod in this zone to locate the fault feeder line accurately. This algorithm only needs the information which is from small part of nods. And it also suits the fault happened at the terminal of feeder line. The algorithm proposed can simplify the computation greatly and improved the real time character of algorithm as well.
While the fault happens in the distribution network, power restoration for outage area should be carried out through restoration reconfiguration quickly. The objects of reconfiguration are numerous and the minimum network loss is taken as the reconfiguration object of this thesis. Considering the demand of high efficiency to restoration reconfiguration, some parameters of distribution network are simplified, and then the voltage drop for service restoration reconfiguration in distribution network is proposed on the base of branch exchange algorithm. The restoration reconfiguration algorithm presented has the factor of low amount of calculation and high efficiency. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by sample testes, which ensures the algorithm's engineering practicality.
引文
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[3]苏红峰,魏蛟龙.配电自动化系统高级应用软件(PAS)及其算法[J].继电器,2000,28(11)：5-8.
[4]刘健,倪建立,杜宇.配电网故障区段判断和隔离的统一矩阵算法[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(1)：13-16.
[5]Jun Zhu, David L.Lubkeman, Adly A.Girgis. Automated fault location and diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders [J]. IEEE trans. on PWRD,1997,12(2):801-809.
[6]刘健,王兆安.配电网故障区域判断和隔离[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(2)：7-10.
[7]费军,单渊达.配电网自动故障定位系统的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(9)：32-35.
[8]肖健,王渺.一种应用于配电网络故障定位的混合算法[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(8)：57-60.
[9]杜红卫,孙雅明,刘弘靖等.基于遗传算法的配电网故障定位和隔离[J].电网技术,2000,24(5)：52-55.
[10]Chen-Ching Liu, Seung J.Lee, Khol Vu. Loss Minimization of distribution Feeders: Optimality Algorithm [J]. IEEE Trnas. on Power delivery.1989,4(2):1281-1289.
[11]T.P.Wagner, A.YChikhani, R.Hackam, Fellow. Feeder Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction:An Application of Distribution Automation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1991,6(4):1922-1932.
[12]王飞,孙莹.配电网故障定位的改进算法[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(24)：45-46.
[13]刘会家,李宁.一种基于FTU的馈线故障定位优化算法[J].继电器,2004,32(10)：40-43.
[14]毕鹏翔,刘健,张文元.以提高供电电压质量为目标的配网重构[J].电网技术,2002,26(2)：4148.
[15]谢桦,田壁元,阎小丁.城市配电网无功优化及网络重构的研究[J].现代电力,1997,14(4)：29-35.
[16]李海峰,张尧,钱国基.配电网故障恢复重构算法研究[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(4),35-37.
[17]Sarma N.D.R, Prakasa Rao K.S. A new 0-1 Integer Programming Method of Feeder Reconfiguration for Loss Minimization in Distribution Systems [J]. Electric Power System Research,1995(33):125-131.
[18]Anthony B.Morton, Lven M.Y. Mareels. An efficient brute-force solution to the network reconfiguration problem [J]. IEEE Trans. on power Delivery,2000,15(3):996-1000.
[19]M.A.Kashen, V.Ganapathy, G.B.Jasmon. Network reconfiguration for load balancing in distribution networks [J]. IEEE Proceedings Gener. Transm. Distrib,1999,146(6): 563-567.
[20]Mesut E.Baran, Felix F.Wu. Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,1989,4(2): 1401-1407.
[21]Vesna Borozan, Dragoslva Rajicic, Risto Ackovsk. Minimum loss reconfiguration of unbalanced distribution networks [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,1997,12(1): 435-442.
[22]胡敏莜,陈元.配电系统最优网络重构的模拟退火算法[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(2)：24-28.
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