ERP在中型机械制造企业的应用
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摘要
中国已经加入WTO，经济全球化给中国企业，尤其是机械制造企业带来无限商机，同时也对企业管理形成了很大压力。中国企业必须采用先进的管理信息系统，缩短与国外企业的差距，才能立于不败之地。
企业资源计划(Enterprise Resources Planning，简称为ERP)体现了当今世界上最先进的企业管理理论，并提供了企业信息化集成的最佳方案。它将企业的物流、资金流和信息流统一起来进行管理，对企业所拥有的人力、资金、材料、设备、方法(生产技术)、信息和时间等各项资源进行综合平衡和充分考虑，最大限度地利用企业的现有资源取得更大的经济效益，科学、有效地管理企业人、财、物、产、供、销等各项具体业务工作。
本文系统地探讨了ERP系统管理思想的形成、发展过程及未来的发展方向，系统阐述了ERP各主流模块的业务处理与信息化的实现原理，分析了ERP的管理思想与信息化解决方案。重点阐述了ERP系统的二次开发。以一汽大连柴油机厂为例，对实施中的重点、难点，从二次开发和业务流程重组两方面进行详细分析，站在企业应用务实的角度，为企业成功实施ERP提供了很有参考价值的意见。
After China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), the economy globalization is bringing about unlimited business opportunities to enterprises, especially manufacturing industry, and increasingly high pressures on the production and manufacturing management of companies. Enterprises must adopt advanced management information system and shrink their difference on management with foreign enterprises. Only in this way can companies maintain their competitiveness.
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) is the advanced theory of management in the world. ERP provides the best solution of integration information. It adequately takes into account and balances the resources of manpower, capital, materials, equipments, technology, information and time, reinforcing the integral management process in the areas of manpower, capital, materials, production, supply and sales, making more profit for enterprises by utilizing limited resources.
This paper introduces the development process of ERP, from MRP, MRPII to ERP, introducing the principle and business process of primary modules. There is a detailed description about how to select ERP system software and how to implement it. With the example of Dalian Diesel factory of FAW, the important and difficult problems of ERP implementation, for instance, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and personalized customization, are introduced in detail at the angle of user. This is very useful, referenced value to the implementing ERP system's enterprises.
企业资源计划(Enterprise Resources Planning，简称为ERP)体现了当今世界上最先进的企业管理理论，并提供了企业信息化集成的最佳方案。它将企业的物流、资金流和信息流统一起来进行管理，对企业所拥有的人力、资金、材料、设备、方法(生产技术)、信息和时间等各项资源进行综合平衡和充分考虑，最大限度地利用企业的现有资源取得更大的经济效益，科学、有效地管理企业人、财、物、产、供、销等各项具体业务工作。
本文系统地探讨了ERP系统管理思想的形成、发展过程及未来的发展方向，系统阐述了ERP各主流模块的业务处理与信息化的实现原理，分析了ERP的管理思想与信息化解决方案。重点阐述了ERP系统的二次开发。以一汽大连柴油机厂为例，对实施中的重点、难点，从二次开发和业务流程重组两方面进行详细分析，站在企业应用务实的角度，为企业成功实施ERP提供了很有参考价值的意见。
After China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), the economy globalization is bringing about unlimited business opportunities to enterprises, especially manufacturing industry, and increasingly high pressures on the production and manufacturing management of companies. Enterprises must adopt advanced management information system and shrink their difference on management with foreign enterprises. Only in this way can companies maintain their competitiveness.
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) is the advanced theory of management in the world. ERP provides the best solution of integration information. It adequately takes into account and balances the resources of manpower, capital, materials, equipments, technology, information and time, reinforcing the integral management process in the areas of manpower, capital, materials, production, supply and sales, making more profit for enterprises by utilizing limited resources.
This paper introduces the development process of ERP, from MRP, MRPII to ERP, introducing the principle and business process of primary modules. There is a detailed description about how to select ERP system software and how to implement it. With the example of Dalian Diesel factory of FAW, the important and difficult problems of ERP implementation, for instance, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and personalized customization, are introduced in detail at the angle of user. This is very useful, referenced value to the implementing ERP system's enterprises.
引文
[1] Behrouz Forouzan, Introduction to Data Communications and Networking, The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. 1998. pp. 8-12.
[2] James A.Senn, Analysis & Design of Information Systems (Second Edition), McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1989. pp. 12-13.
[3] J.Browne, Production Management System, Wadsworth Publishing Company,1989. pp.12-18.
[4] Evers,P.T.,"The Effect of Lead Times on Safety Stocks,"Production and Inventory Management, Second Quarter, 1999.pp.6-10.
[5] Hurley, S.F. and Whybark, D.C.,"Comparing JIT Approaches in a Manufacturing Cell,"Production and Inventory Management, Second Quarter, 1999. pp.32-37.
[6] Lawrence, EB.,"Closing the Logistics LOOP: A Tutorial," Production and Inventory Management, First Quarter, 1999. pp.43-51.
[7] Pun,K.E and Chin,K.S.,"Implementing JIT/MRP in a PCB manufacturer," Production and Inventory Management, First Quarter, 1998. pp. 10-16.
[8] Differences in Characteristics of the ERP System Selection Process between Small or Medium and Large Organization
[9] A new, decision-centric architecture for ERP
[10] Best-of-breed vs.ERP/SCM: Which way to go for Supply Chain Collaboration
[11] Advanced Information Technology Application in ERP Systems
[12] 汪星明，施礼明．现代生产管理．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1996．第19—160页。
[13] 薛华成．管理信息系统．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．第32-123页。
[14] 罗鸿．ERP原理·设计·实施．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．第15-210页。
[15] 程控，革扬．MRPⅡ／ERP原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．第39-331页。
[16] 温咏堂．制造资源计划系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1994．第19-33页。
[17] 陈启申．MRPⅡ制造资源计划基础．北京：企业管理出版社，1997．第30-33页。
[18] 汪定伟．MRPⅡ与JIT结合的生产管理方法．北京：科学出版社，1996．第9-31页。
[19] 潘家诏等．现代生产管理学．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．第4-13页。
[20] 初壮．MRPⅡ原理与应用基础．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．第9-18页。
[21] 张毅．制造资源计划MRPⅡ及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．第3-31页。
[22] 刘丽文．生产与运作管理．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．第3-12页。
[23] 唐立新．CIMS下生产批量计划理论及其应用．北京：科学出版社，1999．第14-25页。
[24] D．琼斯等。沈希瑾等译．改变世界的机器．北京：万国学术出版社，1991．第39-54页。
[25] 徐晓飞等．计算机集成制造系统知识新解．北京：兵器工业出版社，2000．第1-33页。
[26] 李芳芸．计算机集成制造系统问答．北京：兵器工业出版社，1993．第3-43页。
[2] James A.Senn, Analysis & Design of Information Systems (Second Edition), McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1989. pp. 12-13.
[3] J.Browne, Production Management System, Wadsworth Publishing Company,1989. pp.12-18.
[4] Evers,P.T.,"The Effect of Lead Times on Safety Stocks,"Production and Inventory Management, Second Quarter, 1999.pp.6-10.
[5] Hurley, S.F. and Whybark, D.C.,"Comparing JIT Approaches in a Manufacturing Cell,"Production and Inventory Management, Second Quarter, 1999. pp.32-37.
[6] Lawrence, EB.,"Closing the Logistics LOOP: A Tutorial," Production and Inventory Management, First Quarter, 1999. pp.43-51.
[7] Pun,K.E and Chin,K.S.,"Implementing JIT/MRP in a PCB manufacturer," Production and Inventory Management, First Quarter, 1998. pp. 10-16.
[8] Differences in Characteristics of the ERP System Selection Process between Small or Medium and Large Organization
[9] A new, decision-centric architecture for ERP
[10] Best-of-breed vs.ERP/SCM: Which way to go for Supply Chain Collaboration
[11] Advanced Information Technology Application in ERP Systems
[12] 汪星明，施礼明．现代生产管理．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1996．第19—160页。
[13] 薛华成．管理信息系统．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．第32-123页。
[14] 罗鸿．ERP原理·设计·实施．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．第15-210页。
[15] 程控，革扬．MRPⅡ／ERP原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．第39-331页。
[16] 温咏堂．制造资源计划系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1994．第19-33页。
[17] 陈启申．MRPⅡ制造资源计划基础．北京：企业管理出版社，1997．第30-33页。
[18] 汪定伟．MRPⅡ与JIT结合的生产管理方法．北京：科学出版社，1996．第9-31页。
[19] 潘家诏等．现代生产管理学．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．第4-13页。
[20] 初壮．MRPⅡ原理与应用基础．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．第9-18页。
[21] 张毅．制造资源计划MRPⅡ及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．第3-31页。
[22] 刘丽文．生产与运作管理．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．第3-12页。
[23] 唐立新．CIMS下生产批量计划理论及其应用．北京：科学出版社，1999．第14-25页。
[24] D．琼斯等。沈希瑾等译．改变世界的机器．北京：万国学术出版社，1991．第39-54页。
[25] 徐晓飞等．计算机集成制造系统知识新解．北京：兵器工业出版社，2000．第1-33页。
[26] 李芳芸．计算机集成制造系统问答．北京：兵器工业出版社，1993．第3-43页。