水泥企业ERP的研究与探索
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摘要
在经济全球化和互联网时代，面对竞争激烈、瞬息万变的国内外市场，企业必须提高市场反映速度，提高客户服务水平，加强供应链管理，加强成本控制，以增强企业竞争力。因此，实施ERP是企业提高运营效率，降低运营成本，提高企业综合竞争力的有力手段。
本文详细介绍了ERP(企业资源计划，Enterprise Resources Planning)的基本原理。指出ERP是基于供应链管理的思想和方法，是在MRPⅡ(制造资源计划，Manufacture Resources Plan Ⅱ)的基础上发展起来的集成化信息管理系统，把原来的制造资源计划拓展为围绕市场需求而建立的企业内外部资源计划系统，满足了企业对资源全面管理的要求。ERP把客户需求和企业内部的经营活动以及供应商的资源融合在一起，体现了以客户为中心的现代企业经营管理思想。其主要宗旨就是将企业内部和外部资源充分调配和平衡，从而对不断变化的市场需求做出快速反应，提高企业的市场竞争力。
企业通过实施ERP管理，能够优化企业组织结构，减少管理层次；降低企业综合经营成本；强化总公司对各部门财务、经营情况的监管力度；使企业内部各子公司之间、部门之间、企业与客户之间达到充分的信息共享。使企业由过去静态的、片面的、孤立的管理变成动态的、全面的、网络化的理性管理，从而使企业成为一个有机整体，强化企业内部管理、综合降低企业制造成本及经营成本，提高企业的竞争力。
目前世界上很多大的企业成功的实施了ERP，并获得了巨大的经济效益和管理效益。但是这些企业往往采用国外的ERP软件产品。而这些国外软件产品很难适合国内企业的管理体制，所以又必须在其基础上进行二次开发，而二次开发的实施周期长且开发成本巨大。因此造成很多中小企业有上的需求和愿望却无法实施。
本文根据我国企业特别中小企业的管理特点，探索在水泥企业实施ERP系统。并以浩良河水泥股份有限公司实施ERP为例，全面总结了在水泥企业实施ERP系统的总体思路，实施要点和方法。
现浩良河水泥股份公司业务流程重建方案已经确定，企业基础数据准备工作已经完成。部分软件模块已投入使用。为今后全面实施ERP打下了坚实的基础。
In the economic globalization and Internet era, in the face of the competition is fierce, fast changing domestic and international markets, Enterprises must improve the speed of reflecting of the market , improves customer's service level, strengthens and supply the management of the chain, Strengthen the cost to control, in order to strengthen enterprise's competitiveness. So, it is that enterprises improve the efficiency of running to implement ERP, reduces the operation cost, Effective means to improve enterprise's synthesized competitiveness.
This paper has introduced the basic principle of ERP(Enterprise Resources Planning) in detail . Point out that ERP is on the basis of the thought and method of supplying chain management, is the integrated information management system developing on the basis of MRP II (Manufacture Resources Planning II), Plan original manufacture resources to expand the domestic and foreign resource planning system of enterprise in order to be set up around market demand , Have met enterprise's requisition on overall management of resource. ERP merges customer's demand and resource of the business activities and supplier inside enterprises together, Have reflected the thought of management and administration of modern enterprise of regarding customer as the center. Main aim its to allocate and balanced fully enterprise with outside resource, Thus make the fast reaction in changing market demand constantly, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.
Enterprises manage through implementing ERP, can optimize enterprise's institutional framework, reduce the administrative structure; Reduce enterprises and synthesize the operating cost; Strengthen the supervision of the financial affairs of all department, operation of head office; Make enterprises reach the abundant information sharing between every subsidiary, between the departments, between the enterprise and customer. Make enterprises turned from static, one-sided, isolated management of the past into dynamic, overall. networked reason and managed, Thus make enterprises become an organic whole, strengthen the management inside enterprises, reduce enterprise's manufacturing cost and operating cost synthetically, Improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
A lot of bigs successful implementation ERP of enterprise in the world, and has obtained the enormous economic benefits and management benefit at present. But these enterprises often adopt the foreign ERP software product. And foreign software product these very difficult to suitable for domestic management system of enterprise, So must carry on the secondary development on the basis of its again, and the implementation cycle for secondary development is long and the development cost is enormous. So but demand and hope for causing a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises on having are unable to be implemented.
The management characteristic of the special small and medium-sized enterprise of enterprise of our country of foundation of this text, probe that implements ERP system in cement enterprises. And implement ERP as the example with the great good, summarize the overall train of thought of implementing ERP system in cement enterprises all-sidedly. Implement the main point and method .
The business procedure of cement joint-stock company rebuilt schemes and already confirmed, the preparation of basic data of enterprise is already finished now. Some software
module has already come into operation. In order to implement ERP and lay a solid foundation all-sidedly in the future.
本文详细介绍了ERP(企业资源计划，Enterprise Resources Planning)的基本原理。指出ERP是基于供应链管理的思想和方法，是在MRPⅡ(制造资源计划，Manufacture Resources Plan Ⅱ)的基础上发展起来的集成化信息管理系统，把原来的制造资源计划拓展为围绕市场需求而建立的企业内外部资源计划系统，满足了企业对资源全面管理的要求。ERP把客户需求和企业内部的经营活动以及供应商的资源融合在一起，体现了以客户为中心的现代企业经营管理思想。其主要宗旨就是将企业内部和外部资源充分调配和平衡，从而对不断变化的市场需求做出快速反应，提高企业的市场竞争力。
企业通过实施ERP管理，能够优化企业组织结构，减少管理层次；降低企业综合经营成本；强化总公司对各部门财务、经营情况的监管力度；使企业内部各子公司之间、部门之间、企业与客户之间达到充分的信息共享。使企业由过去静态的、片面的、孤立的管理变成动态的、全面的、网络化的理性管理，从而使企业成为一个有机整体，强化企业内部管理、综合降低企业制造成本及经营成本，提高企业的竞争力。
目前世界上很多大的企业成功的实施了ERP，并获得了巨大的经济效益和管理效益。但是这些企业往往采用国外的ERP软件产品。而这些国外软件产品很难适合国内企业的管理体制，所以又必须在其基础上进行二次开发，而二次开发的实施周期长且开发成本巨大。因此造成很多中小企业有上的需求和愿望却无法实施。
本文根据我国企业特别中小企业的管理特点，探索在水泥企业实施ERP系统。并以浩良河水泥股份有限公司实施ERP为例，全面总结了在水泥企业实施ERP系统的总体思路，实施要点和方法。
现浩良河水泥股份公司业务流程重建方案已经确定，企业基础数据准备工作已经完成。部分软件模块已投入使用。为今后全面实施ERP打下了坚实的基础。
In the economic globalization and Internet era, in the face of the competition is fierce, fast changing domestic and international markets, Enterprises must improve the speed of reflecting of the market , improves customer's service level, strengthens and supply the management of the chain, Strengthen the cost to control, in order to strengthen enterprise's competitiveness. So, it is that enterprises improve the efficiency of running to implement ERP, reduces the operation cost, Effective means to improve enterprise's synthesized competitiveness.
This paper has introduced the basic principle of ERP(Enterprise Resources Planning) in detail . Point out that ERP is on the basis of the thought and method of supplying chain management, is the integrated information management system developing on the basis of MRP II (Manufacture Resources Planning II), Plan original manufacture resources to expand the domestic and foreign resource planning system of enterprise in order to be set up around market demand , Have met enterprise's requisition on overall management of resource. ERP merges customer's demand and resource of the business activities and supplier inside enterprises together, Have reflected the thought of management and administration of modern enterprise of regarding customer as the center. Main aim its to allocate and balanced fully enterprise with outside resource, Thus make the fast reaction in changing market demand constantly, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.
Enterprises manage through implementing ERP, can optimize enterprise's institutional framework, reduce the administrative structure; Reduce enterprises and synthesize the operating cost; Strengthen the supervision of the financial affairs of all department, operation of head office; Make enterprises reach the abundant information sharing between every subsidiary, between the departments, between the enterprise and customer. Make enterprises turned from static, one-sided, isolated management of the past into dynamic, overall. networked reason and managed, Thus make enterprises become an organic whole, strengthen the management inside enterprises, reduce enterprise's manufacturing cost and operating cost synthetically, Improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
A lot of bigs successful implementation ERP of enterprise in the world, and has obtained the enormous economic benefits and management benefit at present. But these enterprises often adopt the foreign ERP software product. And foreign software product these very difficult to suitable for domestic management system of enterprise, So must carry on the secondary development on the basis of its again, and the implementation cycle for secondary development is long and the development cost is enormous. So but demand and hope for causing a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises on having are unable to be implemented.
The management characteristic of the special small and medium-sized enterprise of enterprise of our country of foundation of this text, probe that implements ERP system in cement enterprises. And implement ERP as the example with the great good, summarize the overall train of thought of implementing ERP system in cement enterprises all-sidedly. Implement the main point and method .
The business procedure of cement joint-stock company rebuilt schemes and already confirmed, the preparation of basic data of enterprise is already finished now. Some software
module has already come into operation. In order to implement ERP and lay a solid foundation all-sidedly in the future.
引文
[1] 陈启申．选择MRPⅡ软件应注意的问题 计算机世界．1996．
[2] 张毅．MRPⅡ系统的效果评估．清华大学出版社．1997．
[3] 张毅．企业资源计划(ERP)．电子工业出版社．2001．(5)
[4] 周室屏．企业资源计划ERP实施与应用．兵器工业出版社．2001．(5)
[5] 赵令家．唐孜询．企业信息化经典．电子工业出版社．2000．(12)
[6] 宋华；现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社．2000．(4)
[7] 马士华．供应链管理．机械工业出版社．2000．(7)
[8] Randall Schaefer. CPIM "Sales and Manufacturing: Natural Enemies? "企业现代化 2000. (11) 31～32
[9] Maha Muzudar and Narayan Balachandar "The Supply Chain Evolution" 企业现代化 2000. (11) 48～49
[10] 中国产业信息．2001．(3)
[11] Rayport. J and Sviokla. J "Exploiting the Virtual Value Chain " Havard Business Review. 1995
[12] Halal. W "The New Management " Berrett Koehler Publish, 1996
[13] Jim west and Carol Ptak(编译：陈燕)小型企业的 ERP.www.erp.com.cn
[14] 徐晓飞．ERP技术与应用发展综述．www.erp.com.cn
[15] Linda Dailey Paulson "More Hope Than Internet Bytes for Online September. October 2000 IT Pro
[16] Jens Dibbern. Lars Brehm. Armin Heinzl "Rethinking ERP--Outsourcing Decisions for Leveraging Technological and Preserving Business Knowledge "Proceedings of the 35thHawaii International Conference on system sciences--2002
[17] Ward, Andrew."ERP: Tomorrow's manufacturing foundation". Manufacturing Computer Solutions V6 n3 2000.36～37
[18] Michel, Roberto. "Road to Extended ERP" .Manufacturing Systems. V18 n3 Mar 2000
[19] Anon. "Business And The Internet " .IEEE Engineering Management Review. V27 n4. 1999 6～25
[20] Anon. "P. H. Glatfelter CO. To Install ERP System ".Pulp And Paper Project Report. v20 ng, sep 2000. 1
[21] 刘海清．张朝晖．杨建青．黄文清．企业资源计划系统的设计和实现．计算机工程与应用2000．(2)
[22] 汪星明．施礼明．现代生产管理第一版．中国人民大学出版社．1995．(3)
[23] 王莉莉．张洪波．李怀祖．对MRPⅡ系统在中国企业应用现状的调研和思考．中国机械工程 1998．(2)．P45
[24] 张志檩．企业信息化与ERP．计算机世界报．20003．(20)
[25] 倪云鹏．从信息化浪潮到知识经济浪潮的思考．计算机世界报．2000．(3) 20
[26] 龚建华．知识经济时代．广东经济出版社．1998
[27] 王方华．知识管理论．山西经济出版社．1999
[28] 马云富．企业管理软件的应用现状及实施策略．兵工自动化 1999．(2)17～19
[29] 牛德雄．宁丰．任燕．刘志红．ERP与知识经济．计算机与现代化．2000．(5)68～71
[30] 秦芯涛．企业实施ERP的技术解决途径．计算机系统应用．2000．(9)7～9
[31] 郑名杨．张鸿雁．中小型ERP软件的开发研究．吉林电力．2000．(6)50～51
[32] 刘大中．徐建民．系统分析与开发方法研究．微机发展．1997．(6)28～29
[33] 迟忠先．Delphi 6,0 开发实务．电子工业出版社．2000．3
[34] 李维．Delphi 5.x分布式多层应用系统篇．机械工业出版社．2000．4
[35] 企业资源计划管理-ERP初级与ERP软件系统．清华同方软件股份有限公司ERP培训阅读教材．2000
[36] 王珊．陈红．数据库系统原理教程．清华大学出版社．1998
[37] 谢薇．中小型企业“ERP服务中心”模型的建立与可行性分析．广西大学硕士毕业论文 2002．6
[38] 何轩勇．ERP在我国企业中的应用研究．辽宁工程技术大学．2002．12
[39] 张静秋．基于Client／Server的供产销MIS的设计与实现．中南大学硕士毕业论文．2002
[40] 刘伯莹等．MRPⅡ／ERP原理与实施．天津大学出版社．2001
[41] 王莉莉等．对MRPⅡ系统在中国企业应用现状的调研和思考．中国机械工程1998．(2) 45～46
[42] CCID调查报告．ERP应用现状分析．中国计算机报．2001．(45)24
[43] 王惠芬等．我国企业MRPⅡ／ERP系统应用调查．计算机世界 2000．(20)
[44] 李芳芙．柴跃廷编著．CIMS环境下一集成化管理信息系统的分析、设计与实施．北京清华大学出版社．1996
[45] 仲秋雁等．管理信息系统．大连大连理工大学出版社．1998
[46] 温咏棠主编．MRPⅡ制造资源计划系统．北京机械工业出版社．1994
[47] 李信忠．企业管理新时代与新型管理信息系统ERP．战略与管理．1998．(3)20～21
[2] 张毅．MRPⅡ系统的效果评估．清华大学出版社．1997．
[3] 张毅．企业资源计划(ERP)．电子工业出版社．2001．(5)
[4] 周室屏．企业资源计划ERP实施与应用．兵器工业出版社．2001．(5)
[5] 赵令家．唐孜询．企业信息化经典．电子工业出版社．2000．(12)
[6] 宋华；现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社．2000．(4)
[7] 马士华．供应链管理．机械工业出版社．2000．(7)
[8] Randall Schaefer. CPIM "Sales and Manufacturing: Natural Enemies? "企业现代化 2000. (11) 31～32
[9] Maha Muzudar and Narayan Balachandar "The Supply Chain Evolution" 企业现代化 2000. (11) 48～49
[10] 中国产业信息．2001．(3)
[11] Rayport. J and Sviokla. J "Exploiting the Virtual Value Chain " Havard Business Review. 1995
[12] Halal. W "The New Management " Berrett Koehler Publish, 1996
[13] Jim west and Carol Ptak(编译：陈燕)小型企业的 ERP.www.erp.com.cn
[14] 徐晓飞．ERP技术与应用发展综述．www.erp.com.cn
[15] Linda Dailey Paulson "More Hope Than Internet Bytes for Online September. October 2000 IT Pro
[16] Jens Dibbern. Lars Brehm. Armin Heinzl "Rethinking ERP--Outsourcing Decisions for Leveraging Technological and Preserving Business Knowledge "Proceedings of the 35thHawaii International Conference on system sciences--2002
[17] Ward, Andrew."ERP: Tomorrow's manufacturing foundation". Manufacturing Computer Solutions V6 n3 2000.36～37
[18] Michel, Roberto. "Road to Extended ERP" .Manufacturing Systems. V18 n3 Mar 2000
[19] Anon. "Business And The Internet " .IEEE Engineering Management Review. V27 n4. 1999 6～25
[20] Anon. "P. H. Glatfelter CO. To Install ERP System ".Pulp And Paper Project Report. v20 ng, sep 2000. 1
[21] 刘海清．张朝晖．杨建青．黄文清．企业资源计划系统的设计和实现．计算机工程与应用2000．(2)
[22] 汪星明．施礼明．现代生产管理第一版．中国人民大学出版社．1995．(3)
[23] 王莉莉．张洪波．李怀祖．对MRPⅡ系统在中国企业应用现状的调研和思考．中国机械工程 1998．(2)．P45
[24] 张志檩．企业信息化与ERP．计算机世界报．20003．(20)
[25] 倪云鹏．从信息化浪潮到知识经济浪潮的思考．计算机世界报．2000．(3) 20
[26] 龚建华．知识经济时代．广东经济出版社．1998
[27] 王方华．知识管理论．山西经济出版社．1999
[28] 马云富．企业管理软件的应用现状及实施策略．兵工自动化 1999．(2)17～19
[29] 牛德雄．宁丰．任燕．刘志红．ERP与知识经济．计算机与现代化．2000．(5)68～71
[30] 秦芯涛．企业实施ERP的技术解决途径．计算机系统应用．2000．(9)7～9
[31] 郑名杨．张鸿雁．中小型ERP软件的开发研究．吉林电力．2000．(6)50～51
[32] 刘大中．徐建民．系统分析与开发方法研究．微机发展．1997．(6)28～29
[33] 迟忠先．Delphi 6,0 开发实务．电子工业出版社．2000．3
[34] 李维．Delphi 5.x分布式多层应用系统篇．机械工业出版社．2000．4
[35] 企业资源计划管理-ERP初级与ERP软件系统．清华同方软件股份有限公司ERP培训阅读教材．2000
[36] 王珊．陈红．数据库系统原理教程．清华大学出版社．1998
[37] 谢薇．中小型企业“ERP服务中心”模型的建立与可行性分析．广西大学硕士毕业论文 2002．6
[38] 何轩勇．ERP在我国企业中的应用研究．辽宁工程技术大学．2002．12
[39] 张静秋．基于Client／Server的供产销MIS的设计与实现．中南大学硕士毕业论文．2002
[40] 刘伯莹等．MRPⅡ／ERP原理与实施．天津大学出版社．2001
[41] 王莉莉等．对MRPⅡ系统在中国企业应用现状的调研和思考．中国机械工程1998．(2) 45～46
[42] CCID调查报告．ERP应用现状分析．中国计算机报．2001．(45)24
[43] 王惠芬等．我国企业MRPⅡ／ERP系统应用调查．计算机世界 2000．(20)
[44] 李芳芙．柴跃廷编著．CIMS环境下一集成化管理信息系统的分析、设计与实施．北京清华大学出版社．1996
[45] 仲秋雁等．管理信息系统．大连大连理工大学出版社．1998
[46] 温咏棠主编．MRPⅡ制造资源计划系统．北京机械工业出版社．1994
[47] 李信忠．企业管理新时代与新型管理信息系统ERP．战略与管理．1998．(3)20～21