混合草颗粒制粒技术及饲用价值评价的研究
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摘要
论文旨在开拓饲草来源和提高饲草利用率以及确定混合草颗粒最适生产工艺条件。选择紫花苜蓿、玉米秸秆和柠条,调制成“苜蓿-柠条”和“苜蓿-秸秆”型混合草颗粒作为研究材料。从混合草颗粒营养成分、颗粒成形工艺参数、体外消化特性、绒山羊采食习性和反刍习性等层面进行了综合研究。得到如下结论:
①“苜蓿-柠条”型混合草颗粒的最适加工工艺条件为:粉碎粒度8mm、制粒水分20%~22%、苜蓿/柠条比3:2、膨润土添加量1.5%;“苜蓿-秸秆”型混合草颗粒的最适加工工艺条件为:粉碎粒度8mm、制粒水分20%~22%、苜蓿/秸秆比3:2、膨润土添加量1%。在该条件下生产的混合草颗粒营养价值最好,正组合效应最高。
②不同工艺生产的混合颗粒饲料对体外发酵培养液pH值影响显著(p<0.05),24小时内pH值变幅在6.36~6.57,适宜家畜瘤胃微生物发酵;与对照比较,体外发酵培养液中挥发性脂肪酸含量和构成有利于家畜对营养物质的吸收。
③与柠条和玉米秸秆单体颗粒饲料比较,混合草颗粒的干物质和中性洗涤纤维的快速降解部分显著提高(p<0.05),慢速降解部分显著降低(p>0.05)。
④不同工艺条件生产的“苜蓿-柠条”和“苜蓿-秸秆”型混合草颗粒的适口性好于单体柠条和玉米秸秆颗粒。比较而言,绒山羊对最适加工条件下生产的混合草颗粒最喜食。
⑤混合草颗粒生产工艺条件中,草粉粒度大小对绒山羊反刍行为影响最为显著。饲草粉碎粒度为8mm时,反刍家畜的反刍周期次数和单周期反刍时间增加最为明显(p<0.05)。但是,仍然符合其正常的反刍生理活动变化范围。
The aims of this study were to enlarge feed source, increase forage utilization , and improve processing technique of mixed forage particles. The forages included alfalfa, straw and caragana. Alfalfa were mixed with caragana and straw, respectively. The experimental contents dealed with nutritive composition, processing technique, in vitro digestibility, intake and rumination of wool goat. The results were shown as follows:
①the optimal processing condition of alfalfa mixed with caragana were that: grinding particle size was 8mm, granulation water was 20%-22%, material ratio was 3:2, and the amount of added bentonite was 1.5%; the optimal processing condition of alfalfa mixed with straw were that: grinding particle size was 8mm, granulation water was 20%-22%, material ratio was 3:2, and the amount of added bentonite was 1%.
②the results of in vitro experiments showed that different treatment qffected rumen pH value (P<0.05). The pH values were maintained in the appropriate range of microbial fermentation in 24-hour (pH=6.36-6.57); Different treatment affected volatile fatty acids.
③the degradation rates of DM and NDF under different treatment had positively combination effect. The rapid degradation part of combination was increased significantly (P<0.05), and the slow degradation part of combination was decreased significantly(P<0.05).
④the palatibility of mixed forage particles was higher than that of single forage.
⑤the size of particles affected the ruminantl behavior of goat. The ruminant period and time of livestock increased when the size of particles was 8mm, which was still within change of ruminant physiological activity.
①“苜蓿-柠条”型混合草颗粒的最适加工工艺条件为:粉碎粒度8mm、制粒水分20%~22%、苜蓿/柠条比3:2、膨润土添加量1.5%;“苜蓿-秸秆”型混合草颗粒的最适加工工艺条件为:粉碎粒度8mm、制粒水分20%~22%、苜蓿/秸秆比3:2、膨润土添加量1%。在该条件下生产的混合草颗粒营养价值最好,正组合效应最高。
②不同工艺生产的混合颗粒饲料对体外发酵培养液pH值影响显著(p<0.05),24小时内pH值变幅在6.36~6.57,适宜家畜瘤胃微生物发酵;与对照比较,体外发酵培养液中挥发性脂肪酸含量和构成有利于家畜对营养物质的吸收。
③与柠条和玉米秸秆单体颗粒饲料比较,混合草颗粒的干物质和中性洗涤纤维的快速降解部分显著提高(p<0.05),慢速降解部分显著降低(p>0.05)。
④不同工艺条件生产的“苜蓿-柠条”和“苜蓿-秸秆”型混合草颗粒的适口性好于单体柠条和玉米秸秆颗粒。比较而言,绒山羊对最适加工条件下生产的混合草颗粒最喜食。
⑤混合草颗粒生产工艺条件中,草粉粒度大小对绒山羊反刍行为影响最为显著。饲草粉碎粒度为8mm时,反刍家畜的反刍周期次数和单周期反刍时间增加最为明显(p<0.05)。但是,仍然符合其正常的反刍生理活动变化范围。
The aims of this study were to enlarge feed source, increase forage utilization , and improve processing technique of mixed forage particles. The forages included alfalfa, straw and caragana. Alfalfa were mixed with caragana and straw, respectively. The experimental contents dealed with nutritive composition, processing technique, in vitro digestibility, intake and rumination of wool goat. The results were shown as follows:
①the optimal processing condition of alfalfa mixed with caragana were that: grinding particle size was 8mm, granulation water was 20%-22%, material ratio was 3:2, and the amount of added bentonite was 1.5%; the optimal processing condition of alfalfa mixed with straw were that: grinding particle size was 8mm, granulation water was 20%-22%, material ratio was 3:2, and the amount of added bentonite was 1%.
②the results of in vitro experiments showed that different treatment qffected rumen pH value (P<0.05). The pH values were maintained in the appropriate range of microbial fermentation in 24-hour (pH=6.36-6.57); Different treatment affected volatile fatty acids.
③the degradation rates of DM and NDF under different treatment had positively combination effect. The rapid degradation part of combination was increased significantly (P<0.05), and the slow degradation part of combination was decreased significantly(P<0.05).
④the palatibility of mixed forage particles was higher than that of single forage.
⑤the size of particles affected the ruminantl behavior of goat. The ruminant period and time of livestock increased when the size of particles was 8mm, which was still within change of ruminant physiological activity.
引文
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