中国环境规制对外商直接投资的影响研究
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摘要
自1978年以来市场导向型的经济体制改革使我国成为世界上吸引外商直接投资最多的国家之一,但同时我国的环境状况也日益恶化,政府开始制定并实施环境规制政策,并且关注如何在进行环境规制的同时提高引进外商直接投资的质量,优化产业结构,推动技术进步,实现经济的可持续发展。
本文以国际贸易理论、外商直接投资理论及环境规制理论为基础,主要采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,运用扩展的相关理论模型,对中国环境规制对外商直接投资的影响从投资来源国、地区和行业这三个角度分别进行实证分析,并根据结论对引资政策及环境规制政策的制定与实施提出相应的对策建议。
首先,从投资来源国的角度研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响,把投资来源国分为发达国家与发展中国家两类,研究结论认为相对于投资来源国,中国的环境规制越严格,来自发展中国家的外商直接投资流入量就越少,而来自发达国家的外商直接投资流入量并不受影响。这一结论为我国如何选择外商直接投资的类型提供了理论依据。
其次,从地区的角度实证研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响,并得出结论：外商直接投资在中国各省进行区位选择时会综合考虑各投资地的要素禀赋,其中资本要素禀赋是吸引外商直接投资的重要因素,宽松的环境规制政策不会成为吸引外商直接投资流入的唯一因素。这一结论为地区政府制定引资政策提供了理论依据。
再次,从行业的角度实证研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响并得出结论：环境规制对20个污染密集型行业外商直接投资在中国的行业份额没有影响,这意味着中国行业层面的环境规制对投资于污染密集型行业的外商直接投资没有起到约束的作用,环境规制政策的效率不高。这一结论为行业环境规制政策的改进方向提供了理论依据。
在以上实证研究结论的基础上,本文结合中国的国情对引资政策及环境规制政策的制定与实施提出了相应的对策建议,以期实现中国环境规制与引进外商直接投资政策的协调发展。
The market-oriented economic reforms in China from 1978 have turned the country into one that is most attractive to foreign direct investment(FDI). At the same time, China's environment has been worsening. Government implies environmental regulation measures, and become pay attention to about how to realize improving quality of FDI, industrial structure and make progress in technology when carrying out the environmental regulation at the same time.
The dissertation, based on theories of International Trade, Foreign direct investment and environmental regulation Economics, combines theorectical methods and empirical methods together and use improved theoretical models to study the impact of evironmetal regulation on FDI from three aspects:Country-of-origin, province and industry. And then make some suggestions on environmental regulation policies and FDI policies based on the conclusion of the empirical reasearch.
First, Study the impact of evironmetal regulation on FDI from the aspect of Country-of-origin. Country-of-origin are divided into developed countries and developing countires, the conclusion shows that relative to the Country-of-origin, strengthen the environmental regulation of China will restrain the FDI from developing countries, but have no effect on the FDI of developed countries. The conclusion is the guidence of chosing the type of FDI.
Second, The dissertation empirically analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on FDI by Panel Data from different regions, the conclusion shows that FDI will consider the regional Factor endowments of the province when make the investment decision, capital element is a key element when attractiong FDI, less stringent environmental regulation is not the sole factor of attractiong FDI, the conclusion provides the guidance of the regional FDI policies.
Third, The dissertation empirically analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on FDI by Panel Data from different industries, the conclusion shows that the environmental regulation has no effect on the industrial share of 20 pollution intensive sectors'FDI, this shows that the environmental regulation of industry has no restriction on pollution intensive FDI, and the efficiency is low. The conclusion provides the guidance of revolution of the industrial environmental regulation.
Based on the conclusion of the empirical reasearch and China-specific conditions, the dissertation makes some suggestions on environmental regulation policies and FDI policies, and expected to coordinate both.
本文以国际贸易理论、外商直接投资理论及环境规制理论为基础,主要采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,运用扩展的相关理论模型,对中国环境规制对外商直接投资的影响从投资来源国、地区和行业这三个角度分别进行实证分析,并根据结论对引资政策及环境规制政策的制定与实施提出相应的对策建议。
首先,从投资来源国的角度研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响,把投资来源国分为发达国家与发展中国家两类,研究结论认为相对于投资来源国,中国的环境规制越严格,来自发展中国家的外商直接投资流入量就越少,而来自发达国家的外商直接投资流入量并不受影响。这一结论为我国如何选择外商直接投资的类型提供了理论依据。
其次,从地区的角度实证研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响,并得出结论：外商直接投资在中国各省进行区位选择时会综合考虑各投资地的要素禀赋,其中资本要素禀赋是吸引外商直接投资的重要因素,宽松的环境规制政策不会成为吸引外商直接投资流入的唯一因素。这一结论为地区政府制定引资政策提供了理论依据。
再次,从行业的角度实证研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响并得出结论：环境规制对20个污染密集型行业外商直接投资在中国的行业份额没有影响,这意味着中国行业层面的环境规制对投资于污染密集型行业的外商直接投资没有起到约束的作用,环境规制政策的效率不高。这一结论为行业环境规制政策的改进方向提供了理论依据。
在以上实证研究结论的基础上,本文结合中国的国情对引资政策及环境规制政策的制定与实施提出了相应的对策建议,以期实现中国环境规制与引进外商直接投资政策的协调发展。
The market-oriented economic reforms in China from 1978 have turned the country into one that is most attractive to foreign direct investment(FDI). At the same time, China's environment has been worsening. Government implies environmental regulation measures, and become pay attention to about how to realize improving quality of FDI, industrial structure and make progress in technology when carrying out the environmental regulation at the same time.
The dissertation, based on theories of International Trade, Foreign direct investment and environmental regulation Economics, combines theorectical methods and empirical methods together and use improved theoretical models to study the impact of evironmetal regulation on FDI from three aspects:Country-of-origin, province and industry. And then make some suggestions on environmental regulation policies and FDI policies based on the conclusion of the empirical reasearch.
First, Study the impact of evironmetal regulation on FDI from the aspect of Country-of-origin. Country-of-origin are divided into developed countries and developing countires, the conclusion shows that relative to the Country-of-origin, strengthen the environmental regulation of China will restrain the FDI from developing countries, but have no effect on the FDI of developed countries. The conclusion is the guidence of chosing the type of FDI.
Second, The dissertation empirically analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on FDI by Panel Data from different regions, the conclusion shows that FDI will consider the regional Factor endowments of the province when make the investment decision, capital element is a key element when attractiong FDI, less stringent environmental regulation is not the sole factor of attractiong FDI, the conclusion provides the guidance of the regional FDI policies.
Third, The dissertation empirically analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on FDI by Panel Data from different industries, the conclusion shows that the environmental regulation has no effect on the industrial share of 20 pollution intensive sectors'FDI, this shows that the environmental regulation of industry has no restriction on pollution intensive FDI, and the efficiency is low. The conclusion provides the guidance of revolution of the industrial environmental regulation.
Based on the conclusion of the empirical reasearch and China-specific conditions, the dissertation makes some suggestions on environmental regulation policies and FDI policies, and expected to coordinate both.
引文
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