关于竞争力的算法研究
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摘要
企业竞争日益激烈，竞争环境日趋复杂。我国企业在竞争力判断方面仍缺乏行之有效的方法，这容易导致企业在竞争中找不到准确的市场定位，而在竞争中处于被动位置。
在这样的背景下，本论文研究了国内外主流的竞争力理论，发现虽然识别竞争者的方法很多，但大部分都处于理论阶段，受客观条件的限制而很难真正应用到实际中。针对这个问题，本论文以研究竞争力算法的实际应用为目的，运用企业生态位理论和企业竞争理论，并结合六家股份制商业银行间的竞争实例展开研究。
本文详细阐述了企业生态位重叠度判断和企业生态位强度判断的过程。其中企业生态位重叠度的判断可细分为一维生态位和多维生态位两种情况，一维生态位判断有基于生态学方法的MacArthur型公式、Piata型公式和基于企业市场生态位宽度的重叠度测算方法，多维生态位判断有Cony.M.L.和George.R.Mline提出来的积α法与和α法。而对于企业生态位强度的判断，则从企业的适应能力、生存能力和进化能力三个方面出发，设计了生态位强度评价指标体系模型并给出了权重确定方法。最后在理论研究的基础上，选取了六家商业银行作为竞争力研究对象，利用C++编程语言实现上述模块，将所得结果与实际相比较验证了所写程序的可行性和优越性。
本文希望借此研究可以推广基于企业生态位理论的竞争力算法的应用，为企业寻找更好更快的发展道路提供帮助。
Now the competition in companies is fiercer and the competitive environment is more complex. Some Chinese enterprises don't have systemic process and scientific method to judge their competitiveness so they cannot have the correct market orientation and play a passive role in the competition.
In this background, this paper goes to study with all best known competitiveness theory. Though there are so many theories, most of them are still in theoretical stage, and cannot be put into practical use due to historical and realistic restrictions. In order to resolve this problem, this paper aim at the practical application of the competitive algorithms, use Enterprise Niche theory and business competition theory, combine with competition between the six joint-stocks commercial banks to do a research.
This paper describes the process of niche overlap and niche intensity. The judgment of niche overlap divides into one-dimensional and multi-dimensional. One-dimensional niche judgment has three methods, MacArthur-type formula and Pinata-type formula based on ecology, overlap calculation method based on enterprise market niche breadth degree. Multi-dimensional niche judgment has methods raised by Cony.ML, and George.R.Mline. For the judgment of niche intensity, the paper establishes the business niche intensity evaluation index system, from three areas: adaptability, viability and evolution, besides, this paper also give a method to determination the weight. Finally, on the basis of theoretical studies, this paper select six commercial banks as the object of competitiveness, use C++programming language to achieve the above modules, and the results can verify the feasibility and superiority.
This paper would like to promote the application of competitive algorithm based on the enterprise niche theory and help the companies to develop better and faster.
在这样的背景下，本论文研究了国内外主流的竞争力理论，发现虽然识别竞争者的方法很多，但大部分都处于理论阶段，受客观条件的限制而很难真正应用到实际中。针对这个问题，本论文以研究竞争力算法的实际应用为目的，运用企业生态位理论和企业竞争理论，并结合六家股份制商业银行间的竞争实例展开研究。
本文详细阐述了企业生态位重叠度判断和企业生态位强度判断的过程。其中企业生态位重叠度的判断可细分为一维生态位和多维生态位两种情况，一维生态位判断有基于生态学方法的MacArthur型公式、Piata型公式和基于企业市场生态位宽度的重叠度测算方法，多维生态位判断有Cony.M.L.和George.R.Mline提出来的积α法与和α法。而对于企业生态位强度的判断，则从企业的适应能力、生存能力和进化能力三个方面出发，设计了生态位强度评价指标体系模型并给出了权重确定方法。最后在理论研究的基础上，选取了六家商业银行作为竞争力研究对象，利用C++编程语言实现上述模块，将所得结果与实际相比较验证了所写程序的可行性和优越性。
本文希望借此研究可以推广基于企业生态位理论的竞争力算法的应用，为企业寻找更好更快的发展道路提供帮助。
Now the competition in companies is fiercer and the competitive environment is more complex. Some Chinese enterprises don't have systemic process and scientific method to judge their competitiveness so they cannot have the correct market orientation and play a passive role in the competition.
In this background, this paper goes to study with all best known competitiveness theory. Though there are so many theories, most of them are still in theoretical stage, and cannot be put into practical use due to historical and realistic restrictions. In order to resolve this problem, this paper aim at the practical application of the competitive algorithms, use Enterprise Niche theory and business competition theory, combine with competition between the six joint-stocks commercial banks to do a research.
This paper describes the process of niche overlap and niche intensity. The judgment of niche overlap divides into one-dimensional and multi-dimensional. One-dimensional niche judgment has three methods, MacArthur-type formula and Pinata-type formula based on ecology, overlap calculation method based on enterprise market niche breadth degree. Multi-dimensional niche judgment has methods raised by Cony.ML, and George.R.Mline. For the judgment of niche intensity, the paper establishes the business niche intensity evaluation index system, from three areas: adaptability, viability and evolution, besides, this paper also give a method to determination the weight. Finally, on the basis of theoretical studies, this paper select six commercial banks as the object of competitiveness, use C++programming language to achieve the above modules, and the results can verify the feasibility and superiority.
This paper would like to promote the application of competitive algorithm based on the enterprise niche theory and help the companies to develop better and faster.
引文
[1]Rumelt R. How Much Does Industry Matter. Strategic Management Journal.1991.12~13
[2]Prahalad C.K, Game L Gary. The Core Compelence of Competition. Harvard Business Review.1990.27-32
[3]Suan, Tan Sen, Enterprise Ecology, Singapore Management Review,1996.8
[4]Grinnell J, The niche relationships of the California thrasher, Auk,1917.21
[5]周鸿.人类生态学.北京：高等教育出版社,2001
[6]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价研究方法.中国软科学.2004.1
[7]杨忠直.企业生态学引论.北京：科学出版社.2003.
[8]葛振忠,梁嘉骅.企业生态位与现代企业竞争.华东经济管理.2004.4
[9]陈耀.竞争优势：产业结构理论与企业能力理论的不同分析.学术月刊.2002.12
[10]张雷鸣.构造企业生态.企业活力.2001.13-23
[11]王兴元.同类品牌市场生态重叠度测算模型研究.中国市场学会论文集.2006.
[12]黄英姿.生态位理论研究中的数学方法.应用生态学报.1994.7
[13]仓蔚静.基于企业生态位理论的竞争者识别及竞争策略研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学.2005
[14]赵树宽,荆斋荣.企业竞争能力指标体系的构建与研究方法.经济与管理研究.1999.6
[15]李庆东.企业竞争力评价指标体系与评价方法研究.辽宁石油化工大学学报.2004.3
[16]李洪兴,汪培庄.模糊数学.北京：国防工业出版社.1996.5
[17]田奇.我国股份制商业银行竞争力研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南财经大学.2007
[2]Prahalad C.K, Game L Gary. The Core Compelence of Competition. Harvard Business Review.1990.27-32
[3]Suan, Tan Sen, Enterprise Ecology, Singapore Management Review,1996.8
[4]Grinnell J, The niche relationships of the California thrasher, Auk,1917.21
[5]周鸿.人类生态学.北京：高等教育出版社,2001
[6]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价研究方法.中国软科学.2004.1
[7]杨忠直.企业生态学引论.北京：科学出版社.2003.
[8]葛振忠,梁嘉骅.企业生态位与现代企业竞争.华东经济管理.2004.4
[9]陈耀.竞争优势：产业结构理论与企业能力理论的不同分析.学术月刊.2002.12
[10]张雷鸣.构造企业生态.企业活力.2001.13-23
[11]王兴元.同类品牌市场生态重叠度测算模型研究.中国市场学会论文集.2006.
[12]黄英姿.生态位理论研究中的数学方法.应用生态学报.1994.7
[13]仓蔚静.基于企业生态位理论的竞争者识别及竞争策略研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学.2005
[14]赵树宽,荆斋荣.企业竞争能力指标体系的构建与研究方法.经济与管理研究.1999.6
[15]李庆东.企业竞争力评价指标体系与评价方法研究.辽宁石油化工大学学报.2004.3
[16]李洪兴,汪培庄.模糊数学.北京：国防工业出版社.1996.5
[17]田奇.我国股份制商业银行竞争力研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南财经大学.2007