钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式及关键技术研究
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摘要
钢铁工业是一个主要生产钢铁的材料制造业，属于国民经济的基础产业，是物料消耗、能源消耗、污染物排放的大户。本文通过结合钢铁企业制造特点和绿色制造的理论与技术，建立了钢铁绿色制造运行模式，并对其关键技术做了研究，力争在钢铁产品整个生命周期中实现资源消耗尽可能少、环境影响尽可能小、工人的职业健康与安全尽可能大、钢铁生产率尽可能高、质量尽可能高、成本尽可能低6大目标协调最大化。主要内容包括：
（1）针对国内外对钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式缺乏系统的分析的现状，基于绿色制造的理论方法和钢铁企业的运行规律，提出一种五层结构的钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式，并对五层结构的内容和相互之间的作用关系作了分析。为了清晰地看到钢铁制造系统较为具体的分解和集成运行情况，建立了基于钢铁产品生命周期的钢铁绿色制造系统集成运行细分模型，并对细分模型的五层结构的作用关系进行分析。
（2）针对钢铁企业要有效地实施绿色制造，基于五层结构的钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式，对五层结构中的钢铁产品生命周期主线层的绿色工艺规划、钢铁清洁化生产关键技术研究。对绿色工艺规划中的工艺路线、工艺设备、工艺方法等做了深入分析；为了实施钢铁制造过程清洁化生产，对制造资源消耗极小化和环境影响的极小化等问题进行研究。
（3）针对钢铁企业制造资源优化运行缺少一个系统的研究，对钢铁制造物料和能源，建立一种钢铁制造单元的输入输出模型来分析钢铁制造资源消耗状况；基于绿色制造的理论方法和钢铁企业的运行规律，建立了钢铁绿色制造资源主线；从整个钢铁产品生命周期来考虑资源转化和消耗，提出了钢铁企业制造资源优化运行策略。
（4）建立了钢铁制造过程评估框架。通过钢铁制造过程输入输出关系，有利于对钢铁制造过程的资源消耗和环境影响情况进行相应的清单分析，建立了钢铁制造过程的环境影响评价指标体系。
Iron&steel industry is a main production of iron and steel materials manufacturing, belongs to the foundation of the national economy industry. It is also the leader of material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission. In this paper, by combining with the manufacturing characteristics of iron and steel enterprise and the theory and techniques of green manufacturing, steel green manufacturing operation mode is set up, and its key technologies are researched, and through them to strive to maximize six goals:Resource consumption as low as possible, environmental impact as small as possible, workers' occupational health and safety as high as possible, iron and steel productivity as high as possible, the quality as high as possible, the cost as low as possible through coordination in the steel product whole life cycle. The main content as follows:
(1) According to the present situation of lack of systemic analysis for green manufacturing operation mode for iron&steel enterprise in domestic and overseas, and based on the theory and method of green manufacturing and the operation law of iron&steel enterprise, a kind of five layer structure of green manufacturing operation mode for iron&steel enterprise is put forward, and the content of the five layers structure and the role relationship between each other is analyzed. In order to more clearly see the running conditions about the iron and steel manufacturing system decomposition and integration, a segmentation model for green iron&steel manufacturing system integrated operation based on the iron&steel product life cycle is established, and the function relationship of five layers structure of the segmentation model is analyzed.
(2) In order to effectively implement green manufacturing for iron and steel enterprise, and based on the five layer structure of the green manufacturing operation mode for iron and steel enterprise, the green process planning and clean production as the key technologies for iron and steel enterprise are studied in the iron and steel product life cycle layer, in the five layer structure. And the process route, process equipment and process method and so on are deeply analyzed in the green process planning. And in order to implement clean production, the problems about the manufacturing resource consumption minimization and environmental impact minimization are also studied in steel manufacturing process.
(3) According to the present situation of lack of systemic analysis for manufacturing resources optimization operation for iron and steel enterprise in domestic and overseas, a resource input/output frame about steel and iron manufacturing unit is established to analyze the material and energy resources consumption situation, and the main line of steel green manufacturing resources is built, which is based on the theory and method of green manufacturing and the operation law of iron and steel enterprise. And considering the resource transformation and consumption from the whole steel product life cycle, manufacturing resources optimization operation strategies are put forward for iron and steel enterprises.
(4) Steel manufacturing process evaluation framework is established, it provides guidance to find green production plan. Through the input and output relation for steel manufacturing process, it is helpful for analyzing the corresponding listing about the resource consumption and environmental impact for steel manufacturing process. And environmental impact assessment index system for steel manufacturing process is established.
（1）针对国内外对钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式缺乏系统的分析的现状，基于绿色制造的理论方法和钢铁企业的运行规律，提出一种五层结构的钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式，并对五层结构的内容和相互之间的作用关系作了分析。为了清晰地看到钢铁制造系统较为具体的分解和集成运行情况，建立了基于钢铁产品生命周期的钢铁绿色制造系统集成运行细分模型，并对细分模型的五层结构的作用关系进行分析。
（2）针对钢铁企业要有效地实施绿色制造，基于五层结构的钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式，对五层结构中的钢铁产品生命周期主线层的绿色工艺规划、钢铁清洁化生产关键技术研究。对绿色工艺规划中的工艺路线、工艺设备、工艺方法等做了深入分析；为了实施钢铁制造过程清洁化生产，对制造资源消耗极小化和环境影响的极小化等问题进行研究。
（3）针对钢铁企业制造资源优化运行缺少一个系统的研究，对钢铁制造物料和能源，建立一种钢铁制造单元的输入输出模型来分析钢铁制造资源消耗状况；基于绿色制造的理论方法和钢铁企业的运行规律，建立了钢铁绿色制造资源主线；从整个钢铁产品生命周期来考虑资源转化和消耗，提出了钢铁企业制造资源优化运行策略。
（4）建立了钢铁制造过程评估框架。通过钢铁制造过程输入输出关系，有利于对钢铁制造过程的资源消耗和环境影响情况进行相应的清单分析，建立了钢铁制造过程的环境影响评价指标体系。
Iron&steel industry is a main production of iron and steel materials manufacturing, belongs to the foundation of the national economy industry. It is also the leader of material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission. In this paper, by combining with the manufacturing characteristics of iron and steel enterprise and the theory and techniques of green manufacturing, steel green manufacturing operation mode is set up, and its key technologies are researched, and through them to strive to maximize six goals:Resource consumption as low as possible, environmental impact as small as possible, workers' occupational health and safety as high as possible, iron and steel productivity as high as possible, the quality as high as possible, the cost as low as possible through coordination in the steel product whole life cycle. The main content as follows:
(1) According to the present situation of lack of systemic analysis for green manufacturing operation mode for iron&steel enterprise in domestic and overseas, and based on the theory and method of green manufacturing and the operation law of iron&steel enterprise, a kind of five layer structure of green manufacturing operation mode for iron&steel enterprise is put forward, and the content of the five layers structure and the role relationship between each other is analyzed. In order to more clearly see the running conditions about the iron and steel manufacturing system decomposition and integration, a segmentation model for green iron&steel manufacturing system integrated operation based on the iron&steel product life cycle is established, and the function relationship of five layers structure of the segmentation model is analyzed.
(2) In order to effectively implement green manufacturing for iron and steel enterprise, and based on the five layer structure of the green manufacturing operation mode for iron and steel enterprise, the green process planning and clean production as the key technologies for iron and steel enterprise are studied in the iron and steel product life cycle layer, in the five layer structure. And the process route, process equipment and process method and so on are deeply analyzed in the green process planning. And in order to implement clean production, the problems about the manufacturing resource consumption minimization and environmental impact minimization are also studied in steel manufacturing process.
(3) According to the present situation of lack of systemic analysis for manufacturing resources optimization operation for iron and steel enterprise in domestic and overseas, a resource input/output frame about steel and iron manufacturing unit is established to analyze the material and energy resources consumption situation, and the main line of steel green manufacturing resources is built, which is based on the theory and method of green manufacturing and the operation law of iron and steel enterprise. And considering the resource transformation and consumption from the whole steel product life cycle, manufacturing resources optimization operation strategies are put forward for iron and steel enterprises.
(4) Steel manufacturing process evaluation framework is established, it provides guidance to find green production plan. Through the input and output relation for steel manufacturing process, it is helpful for analyzing the corresponding listing about the resource consumption and environmental impact for steel manufacturing process. And environmental impact assessment index system for steel manufacturing process is established.
引文
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