GIS技术支持下的川西白玉县生态环境地质质量评价
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摘要
近年来,与人类生存休戚相关的一系列环境问题不断涌现,人类面临着种种人口、资源、环境等影响人类和谐和可持续发展的问题。当今的环境问题中,生态环境地质问题占据突出重要的地位。解决这一刻不容缓的问题需要对生态环境地质状况进行深入的研究,需要切实的生态环境地质调查与合理的生态环境地质评价作保障。只有在科学合理的生态环境地质评价工作的基础上才能进一步搞好质量区划和相关管理工作,更有效地保护我们的生态环境地质系统。
本研究将生态环境地质质量评价这一笼统的评价目标分解为自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量评价两个分目标。在深入探讨白玉县生态环境地质状况的基础上,以GIS技术为依托,分别建立了两套具有各自针对性、主导性、综合性和可操作性的评价指标体系。采用不同的评价单元和不同的指标获取与赋值方法来评价两个分目标,并运用主成分分析、B-P神经网络和层次分析三种评价模型各自确立白玉县各评价单元的生态环境地质质量等级,综合三种模型的评价结果,得到各评价单元的质量等级的最终归属。研究取得的主要成果有:
(1)介绍了白玉县生态环境地质概况,分析了白玉县水土、河湖、植被、地质灾害等主要生态环境地质问题,阐述了对该地区进行生态环境地质质量评价的必要性。
(2)分解生态环境地质质量评价为自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量评价两个评价目标,针对性地构建各自相应的评价指标体系,为高原山地地区生态环境地质质量评价提供一定价值的参考依据。
(3)根据自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量两个分目标各自的评价特点,分别采用乡镇行政区和行政驻地作为基本评价单元,提高了评价的可操作性。
(4)针对两种不同评价单元的指标赋值要求,在参评指标数据提取时采用了不同的提取方法,对同样意义的指标在表征形式上区别对待,提高了指标获取的效率和准确性。
(5)采用了主成分分析模型、B-P神经网络模型和层次分析模型三种截然不同的评价理论对目标进行评价并分级,评价单元的最终分级归属是综合了三种模型的结果,在很大程度上降低了评价结果的偶然性。
(6)通过对白玉县生态环境地质质量的评价,发现不论是自然生态环境地质质量还是人居生态环境地质质量,总体上西部高山峡谷区要优于中部山原深谷区和东部丘状高原区。整个评价结果将为白玉县生态环境地质问题的治理以及生态环境和地质环境的保护提供科学依据,对白玉县生态建设、城乡规划与建设起到指导作用。
Recently, a series of environmental problems, which are related to human survival closely, have been emerging. Human faces a lot of problems, such as population expansion, resource shortage, environment pollution, etc. They influence human harmonious and sustainable development. In these problems, the eco-environmental geological problems occupy prominent position. In order to solve this urgent problem, the further research of eco-environmental geological condition, the practical survey of eco-environmental geology and the reasonable evaluation of eco-environmental geology are all imperative. The scientific evaluation of eco-environmental geology is the basis of quality division and management. It could help to protect human eco-environmental geology system effectively.
In this evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality, the general evaluation objective is divided into evaluation of natural eco-environmental geological quality and residential eco-environmental geological quality. On the basis of the thorough discussion of eco-environmental geological condition in Baiyu County, two sets of evaluation index system which are pertinent, leading, comprehensive and maneuverable, are constructed by GIS. Two different types of evaluation unit and the corresponding different methods of index gaining and assignment are utilized to evaluate the two decomposition objectives. The eco-environmental geological quality grade for each evaluation unit in Baiyu County is determined by the use of three evaluation models which are called principal component analysis, B-P neural network and hierarchical analysis. The three evaluation results are combined together so that the final grade belonging of each evaluation unit is obtained. The main achievements in this research are as follows:
(1) The survey of eco-environmental geology in Baiyu County is introduced. The main problems of eco-environmental geology, such as soil, petrology, vegetation, geological hazard, and so on, are analized. The necessity of the evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality in the region is expounded.
(2) The evaluation objective of eco-environmental geological quality is divided into evaluation of natural eco-environmental geological quality and residential eco-environmental geological quality. The respective evaluation index system is built pertinently. It provides reference for the evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality in plateau mountainous region.
(3) According to the evaluation characteristics of the two decomposition objectives, the township administrative region and the administrative headquarters are consided as the basic evaluation unit. It improves the evaluation maneuverability.
(4) According to the index assignment requirements of the two different types of evaluation unit, the different methods are applied in the course of index data access. In the characterization form, the similar meaning index is made a difference between the two different evaluation index systems, so that the efficiency and accuracy of index data access are improved.
(5) The three sets of disparate evaluation theory of PCA model, B-P neural network model and AHP model are used to evaluate the objectives, and then the quality grade is divided. The final grade belonging of each evaluation unit is the result which is integrated with three kinds of mathematical model algorithm. Therefore, the accident of evaluation results is reduced as greatly as possible.
(6) The evaluation result of the natural eco-environmental geological quality and the residential eco-environmental geological quality in Baiyu County indicates that the overall quality of the western alpine canyon area is superior to the central valley area and eastern demo shape plateau area. The evaluation results could provide scientific reference for the governance of eco-environmental geological problems and the protection of ecological environment and geological environment, and also guide the ecological, urban and rural planning and construction in Baiyu County.
本研究将生态环境地质质量评价这一笼统的评价目标分解为自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量评价两个分目标。在深入探讨白玉县生态环境地质状况的基础上,以GIS技术为依托,分别建立了两套具有各自针对性、主导性、综合性和可操作性的评价指标体系。采用不同的评价单元和不同的指标获取与赋值方法来评价两个分目标,并运用主成分分析、B-P神经网络和层次分析三种评价模型各自确立白玉县各评价单元的生态环境地质质量等级,综合三种模型的评价结果,得到各评价单元的质量等级的最终归属。研究取得的主要成果有:
(1)介绍了白玉县生态环境地质概况,分析了白玉县水土、河湖、植被、地质灾害等主要生态环境地质问题,阐述了对该地区进行生态环境地质质量评价的必要性。
(2)分解生态环境地质质量评价为自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量评价两个评价目标,针对性地构建各自相应的评价指标体系,为高原山地地区生态环境地质质量评价提供一定价值的参考依据。
(3)根据自然生态环境地质质量评价和人居生态环境地质质量两个分目标各自的评价特点,分别采用乡镇行政区和行政驻地作为基本评价单元,提高了评价的可操作性。
(4)针对两种不同评价单元的指标赋值要求,在参评指标数据提取时采用了不同的提取方法,对同样意义的指标在表征形式上区别对待,提高了指标获取的效率和准确性。
(5)采用了主成分分析模型、B-P神经网络模型和层次分析模型三种截然不同的评价理论对目标进行评价并分级,评价单元的最终分级归属是综合了三种模型的结果,在很大程度上降低了评价结果的偶然性。
(6)通过对白玉县生态环境地质质量的评价,发现不论是自然生态环境地质质量还是人居生态环境地质质量,总体上西部高山峡谷区要优于中部山原深谷区和东部丘状高原区。整个评价结果将为白玉县生态环境地质问题的治理以及生态环境和地质环境的保护提供科学依据,对白玉县生态建设、城乡规划与建设起到指导作用。
Recently, a series of environmental problems, which are related to human survival closely, have been emerging. Human faces a lot of problems, such as population expansion, resource shortage, environment pollution, etc. They influence human harmonious and sustainable development. In these problems, the eco-environmental geological problems occupy prominent position. In order to solve this urgent problem, the further research of eco-environmental geological condition, the practical survey of eco-environmental geology and the reasonable evaluation of eco-environmental geology are all imperative. The scientific evaluation of eco-environmental geology is the basis of quality division and management. It could help to protect human eco-environmental geology system effectively.
In this evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality, the general evaluation objective is divided into evaluation of natural eco-environmental geological quality and residential eco-environmental geological quality. On the basis of the thorough discussion of eco-environmental geological condition in Baiyu County, two sets of evaluation index system which are pertinent, leading, comprehensive and maneuverable, are constructed by GIS. Two different types of evaluation unit and the corresponding different methods of index gaining and assignment are utilized to evaluate the two decomposition objectives. The eco-environmental geological quality grade for each evaluation unit in Baiyu County is determined by the use of three evaluation models which are called principal component analysis, B-P neural network and hierarchical analysis. The three evaluation results are combined together so that the final grade belonging of each evaluation unit is obtained. The main achievements in this research are as follows:
(1) The survey of eco-environmental geology in Baiyu County is introduced. The main problems of eco-environmental geology, such as soil, petrology, vegetation, geological hazard, and so on, are analized. The necessity of the evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality in the region is expounded.
(2) The evaluation objective of eco-environmental geological quality is divided into evaluation of natural eco-environmental geological quality and residential eco-environmental geological quality. The respective evaluation index system is built pertinently. It provides reference for the evaluation of eco-environmental geological quality in plateau mountainous region.
(3) According to the evaluation characteristics of the two decomposition objectives, the township administrative region and the administrative headquarters are consided as the basic evaluation unit. It improves the evaluation maneuverability.
(4) According to the index assignment requirements of the two different types of evaluation unit, the different methods are applied in the course of index data access. In the characterization form, the similar meaning index is made a difference between the two different evaluation index systems, so that the efficiency and accuracy of index data access are improved.
(5) The three sets of disparate evaluation theory of PCA model, B-P neural network model and AHP model are used to evaluate the objectives, and then the quality grade is divided. The final grade belonging of each evaluation unit is the result which is integrated with three kinds of mathematical model algorithm. Therefore, the accident of evaluation results is reduced as greatly as possible.
(6) The evaluation result of the natural eco-environmental geological quality and the residential eco-environmental geological quality in Baiyu County indicates that the overall quality of the western alpine canyon area is superior to the central valley area and eastern demo shape plateau area. The evaluation results could provide scientific reference for the governance of eco-environmental geological problems and the protection of ecological environment and geological environment, and also guide the ecological, urban and rural planning and construction in Baiyu County.
引文
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