基于环境质量的水资源可持续利用管理研究
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摘要
随着经济快速发展,我国面临严重的水资源问题。水资源问题不仅体现在水资源的短缺而且反映在水质的恶化并由此影响到人类的健康。因此,我们必须站在可持续发展的战略高度来认识、评价和管理水资源。本文从水对人体健康的影响出发,充分考虑了水质、水量及其与人类健康的关系,探讨了一种综合有效且可持续的水资源管理方法论,为政府机构进行管理和决策者制定政策提供有力的理论基础。研究内容包括:
从人体健康的角度出发,研究了淮河中优先污染物的风险评价方法,认为定量结构活性关系(QSAR)是最适用的人体健康风险评价方法。通过文献和现场取样分析得出淮河盱眙段主要污染物分三类:多环芳烃、有机氯农药和苯基取代物。并利用QSAR模型分析了46种有机污染物健康风险的优先次序,结果表明,风险最高的是艾氏剂和滴滴涕(DDT)。
通过比较分析国内外常用污水处理技术的评价方法、适用范围和效果,证明PROMETHEE模型适用于污水处理技术的评价和决策。以盱眙县某食品厂污水处理技术的选择为例,选择六种生化处理工艺用PROMETHEE模型进行评价。结果表明,VTBR(Vertical Tubular Biochemical Reactor)为最佳方案,并具有很好的稳定性。
对比分析了多种水资源可持续利用评价方法,结果表明,模糊综合评判法是一种全面有效且简单可行的多标准决策法,适用于盱眙县水资源可持续利用的评价。
通过对水资源可持续利用影响因素、水资源与社会经济和生态环境的关系及国内外对水资源可持续利用研究进展的系统分析,并结合频度统计法筛选指标,建立盱眙县水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,包括:1个目标层,4个准则层,32个指标。采用国家或国际标准值,参考国家规划值、环保模范城市验收标准,并在标准值不全的情况下,采用专家咨询法确定了分级评价标准。使用模糊综合评判法对盱眙县水资源可持续利用进行评价。评价结果表明,盱眙县水资源系统处于不可持续发展状态,整个系统从很强的水平向中等水平漂移,不符合可持续发展的要求。
深入分析盱眙县水资源生态系统的现状、存在问题和制约水资源复合系统可持续发展的因素,提出了淮河流域盱眙县水资源管理措施及实现水资源可持续利用的对策和建议。
With the rapid development of economy, the problems of water resource are becoming serious in China, which reflect in two aspects: water shortage and water quality deterioration affecting the human health. Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate and manage water resources effectively on the basis of the sustainable development strategy. This study focused on a practical and effective general methodology of sustainable water resources management policies taking account of the relationships among water quality, water quantity and human health, which could provide government officials and decision-makers with theoretical foundation of management. The research contents conlude:
The evaluation methods of human health risk from priority pollutants in Huaihe River were compared and discussed. The results proved that quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was the optimal method for human health risk. According to investigation from literatures and on-site measurement of samples, the main pollutants in the Huaihe River-Xuyi Section could be classified as three types: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and phenyl substituted compounds. By evaluating human health risk from 46 organic pollutants with QSAR method, the priority order of these pollutants in Huaihe River was achieved. The results revealed that Aldrin and DDT (2,2-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1,1 -trichloroethane) were the pollutants posing the highest threat to health.
The PROMETHEE model was considered to be the adaptable method for choice of the optimal wastewater treatment technology after analyzing the application and effects of domestic and abroad evaluation methods. Then, six biochemical treatment processes treating the wastewater from a food factory were evaluated by PROMETHEE model. The results were stable and showed that VTBR (Vertical Tubular Biochemical Reactor) was the optimal technology.
Many evaluation methods of sustainable water resources use were compared and analyzed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was considered to be the most adaptable muti-objective decision-making method for the evaluation of sustainable water resources use in Xuyi County for its comprehensiveness, simplicity and efficiency.
By the systemic analysis on the influencing factors and development of sustainable water resources use and the relationships among water resources, social economy and ecological environment, combined with frequency statistical analysis method to screen indexes, an evaluation index system of sustainable water resources use were constructed, which included 1 goal level, 4 criterion levels and 32 indexes. Referring to international and domestic standards, China's planning value and the acceptable environmental protection standards for model city, the classifying evaluation criteria was present. In addition, expert consultation method was used in case of lacking standard data. The evaluation results of sustainable water resources use by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method indicated that the water resources in Xuyi County were in unsustainable stage and the whole system was drifting from very strong grade to medium grade, which was no good for the sustainable development of water resources.
In conclusion, based on the analysis of the current situation of water resources ecosystem, existing problems and the restrictive factors to the development of water resources complex system in Xuyi County, the suggestions and management measures for Xuyi County in Huaihe River Basin were proposed to achieve sustainable development of water resources.
从人体健康的角度出发,研究了淮河中优先污染物的风险评价方法,认为定量结构活性关系(QSAR)是最适用的人体健康风险评价方法。通过文献和现场取样分析得出淮河盱眙段主要污染物分三类:多环芳烃、有机氯农药和苯基取代物。并利用QSAR模型分析了46种有机污染物健康风险的优先次序,结果表明,风险最高的是艾氏剂和滴滴涕(DDT)。
通过比较分析国内外常用污水处理技术的评价方法、适用范围和效果,证明PROMETHEE模型适用于污水处理技术的评价和决策。以盱眙县某食品厂污水处理技术的选择为例,选择六种生化处理工艺用PROMETHEE模型进行评价。结果表明,VTBR(Vertical Tubular Biochemical Reactor)为最佳方案,并具有很好的稳定性。
对比分析了多种水资源可持续利用评价方法,结果表明,模糊综合评判法是一种全面有效且简单可行的多标准决策法,适用于盱眙县水资源可持续利用的评价。
通过对水资源可持续利用影响因素、水资源与社会经济和生态环境的关系及国内外对水资源可持续利用研究进展的系统分析,并结合频度统计法筛选指标,建立盱眙县水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,包括:1个目标层,4个准则层,32个指标。采用国家或国际标准值,参考国家规划值、环保模范城市验收标准,并在标准值不全的情况下,采用专家咨询法确定了分级评价标准。使用模糊综合评判法对盱眙县水资源可持续利用进行评价。评价结果表明,盱眙县水资源系统处于不可持续发展状态,整个系统从很强的水平向中等水平漂移,不符合可持续发展的要求。
深入分析盱眙县水资源生态系统的现状、存在问题和制约水资源复合系统可持续发展的因素,提出了淮河流域盱眙县水资源管理措施及实现水资源可持续利用的对策和建议。
With the rapid development of economy, the problems of water resource are becoming serious in China, which reflect in two aspects: water shortage and water quality deterioration affecting the human health. Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate and manage water resources effectively on the basis of the sustainable development strategy. This study focused on a practical and effective general methodology of sustainable water resources management policies taking account of the relationships among water quality, water quantity and human health, which could provide government officials and decision-makers with theoretical foundation of management. The research contents conlude:
The evaluation methods of human health risk from priority pollutants in Huaihe River were compared and discussed. The results proved that quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was the optimal method for human health risk. According to investigation from literatures and on-site measurement of samples, the main pollutants in the Huaihe River-Xuyi Section could be classified as three types: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and phenyl substituted compounds. By evaluating human health risk from 46 organic pollutants with QSAR method, the priority order of these pollutants in Huaihe River was achieved. The results revealed that Aldrin and DDT (2,2-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1,1 -trichloroethane) were the pollutants posing the highest threat to health.
The PROMETHEE model was considered to be the adaptable method for choice of the optimal wastewater treatment technology after analyzing the application and effects of domestic and abroad evaluation methods. Then, six biochemical treatment processes treating the wastewater from a food factory were evaluated by PROMETHEE model. The results were stable and showed that VTBR (Vertical Tubular Biochemical Reactor) was the optimal technology.
Many evaluation methods of sustainable water resources use were compared and analyzed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was considered to be the most adaptable muti-objective decision-making method for the evaluation of sustainable water resources use in Xuyi County for its comprehensiveness, simplicity and efficiency.
By the systemic analysis on the influencing factors and development of sustainable water resources use and the relationships among water resources, social economy and ecological environment, combined with frequency statistical analysis method to screen indexes, an evaluation index system of sustainable water resources use were constructed, which included 1 goal level, 4 criterion levels and 32 indexes. Referring to international and domestic standards, China's planning value and the acceptable environmental protection standards for model city, the classifying evaluation criteria was present. In addition, expert consultation method was used in case of lacking standard data. The evaluation results of sustainable water resources use by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method indicated that the water resources in Xuyi County were in unsustainable stage and the whole system was drifting from very strong grade to medium grade, which was no good for the sustainable development of water resources.
In conclusion, based on the analysis of the current situation of water resources ecosystem, existing problems and the restrictive factors to the development of water resources complex system in Xuyi County, the suggestions and management measures for Xuyi County in Huaihe River Basin were proposed to achieve sustainable development of water resources.
引文
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