漳泽水库生态调度研究
|
摘要
目前国内大多数现行的水库调度方式均以防洪调度与兴利调度为主要目标,而从保护河流生态系统的观点看,没有涉及到生态保护的因素。随着社会的发展,水库调度越来越向着兼顾防洪兴利与河流生态系统保护的方向发展。
本论文介绍了国内外对生态需水的研究进展情况,分析了生态需水量的内涵,在漳泽水库原有的调度模式下将生态调度的思想加入到调度过程,在满足水库防洪兴利的基础上充分考虑到生态环境的因素,使得漳泽水库的调度模式得到进一步的完善。
本文研究的主要内容有:
1.根据国内外对生态需水的分析研究,对河流的生态需水量的内涵进行了确定,并根据实际确定了生态需水量的计算方法。
2.根据计算方法,分别对漳泽水库流域各部分的生态需水进行了计算,从而得到漳泽水库流域总的生态需水量。
3.在原有的漳泽水库调度模式的基础上,将生态需水因素加入到调度模式,对水库进行了生态调度。并对两种调度模式的结果进行了比较。
通过本论文的研究,将生态环境的因素融入了漳泽水库的水资源调度,进一步完善了水库调度模式,提高了漳泽水库水资源的利用能力,减少不必要的弃水,提高了水资源的利用率。
The present domestic main aim on most reservoir dispatch is flood control and profiting, but on the point of protecting river ecological system, it has not involved the factor of ecological protect. With the development of society, the developmental direction of reservoir dispatch is increasingly on considering to the flood control and profiting and river ecosystem protection.
This article introduced the development situation of ecological water requirement in domestic and aboard, analyzed the intension of the ecological water requirement, under the original dispatch mode of Zhangze reservoir;Take the theory of ecological dispatch into dispatch process. Fully considered ecological environment factors on the base of meet the flood control and profiting demand, make the dispatch mode more completeness. The main study contents are:
1. According to the ecological water requirement study in domestic an aboard, defined the intension and the calculation method of ecological water requirement.
2. According to the calculation method, respectively calculated the ecological water requirement of each portion of Zhangze reservoir basin.
3. Under the original dispatch mode of Zhangze reservoir,take the theory of ecological dispatch into dispatch process, and compared the results of the two dispatch mode.
According to the study, take the ecological and environmental factors into water resource regulation, complete the reservoir dispatch mode, improved the water resource utilize capacity of Zhangze reservoir, the needless abandoned water is reduced, and as a result the utilizing ratio of flood resource is enhanced.
本论文介绍了国内外对生态需水的研究进展情况,分析了生态需水量的内涵,在漳泽水库原有的调度模式下将生态调度的思想加入到调度过程,在满足水库防洪兴利的基础上充分考虑到生态环境的因素,使得漳泽水库的调度模式得到进一步的完善。
本文研究的主要内容有:
1.根据国内外对生态需水的分析研究,对河流的生态需水量的内涵进行了确定,并根据实际确定了生态需水量的计算方法。
2.根据计算方法,分别对漳泽水库流域各部分的生态需水进行了计算,从而得到漳泽水库流域总的生态需水量。
3.在原有的漳泽水库调度模式的基础上,将生态需水因素加入到调度模式,对水库进行了生态调度。并对两种调度模式的结果进行了比较。
通过本论文的研究,将生态环境的因素融入了漳泽水库的水资源调度,进一步完善了水库调度模式,提高了漳泽水库水资源的利用能力,减少不必要的弃水,提高了水资源的利用率。
The present domestic main aim on most reservoir dispatch is flood control and profiting, but on the point of protecting river ecological system, it has not involved the factor of ecological protect. With the development of society, the developmental direction of reservoir dispatch is increasingly on considering to the flood control and profiting and river ecosystem protection.
This article introduced the development situation of ecological water requirement in domestic and aboard, analyzed the intension of the ecological water requirement, under the original dispatch mode of Zhangze reservoir;Take the theory of ecological dispatch into dispatch process. Fully considered ecological environment factors on the base of meet the flood control and profiting demand, make the dispatch mode more completeness. The main study contents are:
1. According to the ecological water requirement study in domestic an aboard, defined the intension and the calculation method of ecological water requirement.
2. According to the calculation method, respectively calculated the ecological water requirement of each portion of Zhangze reservoir basin.
3. Under the original dispatch mode of Zhangze reservoir,take the theory of ecological dispatch into dispatch process, and compared the results of the two dispatch mode.
According to the study, take the ecological and environmental factors into water resource regulation, complete the reservoir dispatch mode, improved the water resource utilize capacity of Zhangze reservoir, the needless abandoned water is reduced, and as a result the utilizing ratio of flood resource is enhanced.
引文
[1]余文公,夏自强,于国荣等.生态库容及其调度研究[J].商丘师范学院学报,2006,225(5):148～151.
[2]吕新华.大型水利工程的生态调度[J].科技进步与对策,2006,(7):129～131.
[3]容致旋.关于德涅斯特罗夫水库利用调度进行自然保护的问题[J].水利水电快报,1993 (5).
[4]容致旋.伏尔加河下游有利于生态的春季放水可行性研究明[J].水利水电快报,1994 (1).
[5]An. J. C. Low flow estimation based on river recession rate [J].Journal of the institution of Water and Environment Management.1990,4(4):350～355.
[6]Gleick. P. H. water in crisis: path to stainable water use [J].Ecological application.1996, 8(3):571～579.
[7]Buffagni. A. The use of benthic invertebrate production for the definition of ecologically acceptable flows in mountain rivers [J]. IAHS-AISH Publication, IAHS Press.2001, 266:31～42.
[8]O’Shea. D. T. Estimating minimum instream flow requirements for Minnesota stream from hydrological data and watershed characteristic [J]. North American Journal of Management. 1995, 15(3):596～578.
[9]Ubertini. L, Manciola, P, Casadei. S, Evaluation of the minimum instream flow of the Tiber River Basin [J], Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1996, 41(2):125～136.
[10]Karim. K, Gubbels. M. E, Goulter. I. C, Review of determination of instreamflow and out-of-channel flow requirement [J], Rivers, 1991, 2(3):198～210.
[11]汤奇成.绿洲的发展与水资源的合理利用[M].干旱区资源与环境,1995.9(3);107～111.
[12]贾宝全,许英勤.干旱区生态用水的概念和分类—以新疆为例[M].干旱区地理,1998.21(2):8～12.
[13]沈清林等.水资源可持续管理问题研究与实践[J].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998.113～116.
[14]王浩,王芳等.西北地区水资源合理配置和承载能力研究[M].黄河水利出版社. 2003. 81～96.
[15]钱正英,张光斗,中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.21～36.
[16]谢新民,杨小柳,半干旱半湿润地区枯季水资源实时预测理论与实践[M].中国水利水电出版社,1999.111～121.
[17]李丽娟,郑红星,海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算[J],地理学报,2000,55(4):393～398.
[18]赵文智,程国栋,干旱区生态水文过程研究若干问题评述切[J],科学通报,2O01,46(22):1851～1857.
[19]王芳,梁瑞驹,杨小柳,中国西北地区生态需水研究[J],自然科学进展,2002, 17(l):1～8.
[20]杨志峰,崔保山,刘静玲等,生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M],北京:科学出版社,2003.36～45.
[21]王西琴,张远,刘昌明,河道生态及环境需水理论探讨[J],自然资源学报,2O03,18(2):240～264.
[22]倪晋仁,崔树彬论河流生态环境需水[J].水利学报.2002.(9):14～26.
[23]严登华.东辽河流域河流系统生态需水研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):46～49
[24]钱正英.中国水利百科全书[M].水利水电出版社. 1990.
[25]沈国舫,王礼先.中国生态环境建设与水资源保护利用[M].中国水利水电出版社. 2001.
[26]崔树彬.关于生态环境需水量若干问题的探讨[J].中国水利2001,(8):71～75.
[27]夏军等.西北地区生态环境需水估算的几个问题探讨[J].水文.2002.22(5):12～17.
[28]王珊琳.生态环境需水量研究进展及其理论探析.珠江水利委员会第4届中青年学术报告. 2003.
[29]许新宜,杨志峰,试论生态环境需水量[J],中国水利,2003,A,12～15.
[30]杨志峰等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[J].科学出版社(北京).2003.
[31]丰华丽,郑红星,曹阳.生态需水计算的理论基础和方法探析[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2005,21(5):50-55.
[32]杨志峰,崔保山,刘静玲等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M].科学出版社,2003.45～50.
[33]Armentrout G W, Wilson J F. Assessment of low flows in streams in northeastern Wyoming[J].USGS Water Resources Investigation Report,1987,85-4246,4(5):533-538.
[34]Mathews R C, Bao Yixing. The Texas method of preliminary instream flow assessment[J].Rivers,1991,2(4):295～310.
[35]Caissie D, El-Jabi N, Bourgeois G. Instream flow evaluation by hydrologically-based and habitat preference (hydrobiological)techniques[J].Rev Sci Eau,1998,11(3):347～363.
[36]Richter B D, Baumgartner J V, Powell J,etal. A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10(4):1163～1174.
[37]Palau A, Alcazar J. The basic flow: analternative approach to calculate minimum environmental instream flows[A].In: Leclerc M,etal. Ecohydraulics 2000, 2nd international symposiumon habitat hydraulics[C].Quebe City,1996.
[38]Christopher J, Gippel, Michael J Stewardson. Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows[J].Regulated rivers : research & management,1998,14:53～67.
[39]Mosely M P. The effect of changing discharge on channel morphology and instream uses and in a braide river, Ohau River, New Zealand[J].Water Resources Researches,1982,(18):800～812.
[40]Giesecke J, Jorde K. Ansatze zur optimierung von mindestabflubregelungen in Ausleitungsstrecken[J].Wasserwirts-chaft,1997,87:232～237.
[41]Statzner B, Muller R. Standard hemisphers as indicators of flow characteristics in groben[J].Freshwater Biology,1989,21(3):445～459.
[42]Stalnaker C B, Lamb B L, Henriksen J,etal. The instream flow incremental methodology: a primer for IFIM[M].
[43]Thoms m c, Sheldon F. An ecosystem approach for determining environmental water allocations in Australian dryland river systems : The role of geomorphology[J]. Geomorphology,2002,(47):153～168.
[44]Docampo L, Bikuna B G. The basque method for determining instream flows in Northern Spain[J].Rivers,1995,6(4):292～311.
[45]Arthington A H, King J M, Keefee J H,etal. Development of an holistic approach for assessing environmental flow requirements of river in eecosystem[A]. In: Pigram J J, Hooper B P(eds). Water Allocation for the Environment. Armindale: The Centre for Policy Research[C].University of New England,1992:69～76.
[46]King J, Louw D. Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the Building Block Methodology[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management,1998,1(2):109～124.
[47]TENNANT, D.L. Instream flow regimes for fish, widelife, recreation and related environmental resources[J]. Fisheries.1976. 1(4)-10.
[48]Donald J. Orth and O.Eugene Maughan. EVALUATION OF THE“MONTANA METHOD”FOR RECOMMENDING INSTREAM FLOWS IN OKLAHOMA STREAMS. Volume 61-1981.
[49]Appendix C. Montana-Tennant Analysis. Stillwater Sciences. May 2001.
[50]SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. Preliminary Assessment of Streamflow Requirements for Habitat Protection for Selected on the Assabet and Charles Rivers. Estern Massachusetts. USGS.
[51]方子云主编.水资源保护手册[M].河海大学出版社.1988年.
[52]方子云编著.水利建设的环境效应分析与量化[M].中国环境科学出版社.1993年.
[53]徐志侠,陈振民,王妍等.电力工程水资源论证中的生态需水[J].电力勘测.2003年第2期.
[54]Terminology Reference System. Office of Communications, Education, and Media Relations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
[55]Allen, H.E, Jr, and Cowan, E.A.1984. Low-Flow Characteristics of Streams in the Kishwaukee River Basin. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report. 84～4311.
[56]Lara, Oscar G. 1970. Low-Flow Frequencies of Illinois Streams. U.S. Geological Survey. Illinois.
[57]Singh, Krishan P. and Ramamurthy, Ganapathi S, 1993,7-Day, 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in Northeastern Illinois: ISWS Report 545.
[58]Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign, IL (Jan. 1993). Singh, Krishan P, 1993, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in Northeastern Illinois: ISWS Report 307. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Jan. 1993).
[59]Singh, Krishan P, Ramamurthy, Ganapathi S. and Seo, II Won, 1988A, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in the Rock, Spoon, La Moine, and Ksakaskia Regions: ISWS Report 440. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Feb. 1988).
[60] Singh, Krishan P, Ramamurth, G.S. and Seo, II Won, 1988B, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in the Kankakee. Sangamon, Embarras, Little Wabash, and Southern Regions: ISWS Report 441. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Feb. 1988)
[61]Singh, Krishan P, and Stall, John B,1973. The 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Illinois Streams. Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL.
[62]T Thomas, R K Jaiswal, R Galkate. Forecasting and Frequency Analysis of Low Flow for Beas at Pandoh——a Case Study.
[63]制订地方水污染物排放标准的技术原则与方法.1983年4月9日中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部发布.1984年4月1日实施.
[64]Estimating 7Q10Confidence Limits from Date: A Bootstrap Approach. Daniel P Ames, Ph. D Member. ASCE [5].
[65]丁晶,刘权授.随机水文学[M].中国水利水电出版社.1997. 40.
[66]崔树彬.关于生态环境需水量若干问题的探讨[J].中国水利.2001.8, 71～74.
[67]Nehring, R B 1979. Evaluation of instream flow methods and determination of water quality needs for streams in State of Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Fort Collins, CO.
[68]R2CROSS efficient for quantifying instream flows By Jay Skinner Instream Flow Coordinator Colorado Division of Wildlife.
[69]Espegren, G D. 1996. Development of Instream Flow Recommendations in Colorado Using R2CROSS. Colorado Water Conservation Board. Denver, CO.
[70]Development of Instream Flow Recommendations in Colorado Using R2CROSS. Water Rights Investigations Section. Colorado Water Conservation Board Department of Natural Resources. 1996.1.
[71]Nelson, F A, 1984. Guidelines for using the wetted perimeter (WETP) computer programof the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks: Bozeman, MT, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, variously paged.
[72]King J M, Tharme R E. Assessment of the Instream Flow Incremental methodology and initial development of alternative Instream Flow methodologies for South Africa[R]. Water Research Commission Report No. 295/1/94, 1994: 590.
[73]Stanlnaker C B. The instream flow incremental methodology: a primer for IFIM[R]. National Ecology Research Center, International Publication. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 1994: 99.
[74]KING J M, LOW D. Instream flow assessment for regulated rivers in South Africa using the building block methodology [J]. Aquat. Escosyst. Health Manag. 1998, 1: 109～124.
[75]HUGHS D A. Providing hydrological information and data analysis tools for the determination of ecological instream flow requirement for South Africa rivers[J]. Journam of Hydrology. 2001,241: 140～151.
[76]水利部黄河水利委员会编译.法国、德国水资源管理资料汇编[R]. 2000.
[77]左其亭.干旱半干旱地区植被生态用水计算[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):114～117.
[78]刑来官,巴古日雅拉.水库环境与保护[J],内蒙古科技与经济,2005,1.88～89.
[2]吕新华.大型水利工程的生态调度[J].科技进步与对策,2006,(7):129～131.
[3]容致旋.关于德涅斯特罗夫水库利用调度进行自然保护的问题[J].水利水电快报,1993 (5).
[4]容致旋.伏尔加河下游有利于生态的春季放水可行性研究明[J].水利水电快报,1994 (1).
[5]An. J. C. Low flow estimation based on river recession rate [J].Journal of the institution of Water and Environment Management.1990,4(4):350～355.
[6]Gleick. P. H. water in crisis: path to stainable water use [J].Ecological application.1996, 8(3):571～579.
[7]Buffagni. A. The use of benthic invertebrate production for the definition of ecologically acceptable flows in mountain rivers [J]. IAHS-AISH Publication, IAHS Press.2001, 266:31～42.
[8]O’Shea. D. T. Estimating minimum instream flow requirements for Minnesota stream from hydrological data and watershed characteristic [J]. North American Journal of Management. 1995, 15(3):596～578.
[9]Ubertini. L, Manciola, P, Casadei. S, Evaluation of the minimum instream flow of the Tiber River Basin [J], Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1996, 41(2):125～136.
[10]Karim. K, Gubbels. M. E, Goulter. I. C, Review of determination of instreamflow and out-of-channel flow requirement [J], Rivers, 1991, 2(3):198～210.
[11]汤奇成.绿洲的发展与水资源的合理利用[M].干旱区资源与环境,1995.9(3);107～111.
[12]贾宝全,许英勤.干旱区生态用水的概念和分类—以新疆为例[M].干旱区地理,1998.21(2):8～12.
[13]沈清林等.水资源可持续管理问题研究与实践[J].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998.113～116.
[14]王浩,王芳等.西北地区水资源合理配置和承载能力研究[M].黄河水利出版社. 2003. 81～96.
[15]钱正英,张光斗,中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.21～36.
[16]谢新民,杨小柳,半干旱半湿润地区枯季水资源实时预测理论与实践[M].中国水利水电出版社,1999.111～121.
[17]李丽娟,郑红星,海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算[J],地理学报,2000,55(4):393～398.
[18]赵文智,程国栋,干旱区生态水文过程研究若干问题评述切[J],科学通报,2O01,46(22):1851～1857.
[19]王芳,梁瑞驹,杨小柳,中国西北地区生态需水研究[J],自然科学进展,2002, 17(l):1～8.
[20]杨志峰,崔保山,刘静玲等,生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M],北京:科学出版社,2003.36～45.
[21]王西琴,张远,刘昌明,河道生态及环境需水理论探讨[J],自然资源学报,2O03,18(2):240～264.
[22]倪晋仁,崔树彬论河流生态环境需水[J].水利学报.2002.(9):14～26.
[23]严登华.东辽河流域河流系统生态需水研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):46～49
[24]钱正英.中国水利百科全书[M].水利水电出版社. 1990.
[25]沈国舫,王礼先.中国生态环境建设与水资源保护利用[M].中国水利水电出版社. 2001.
[26]崔树彬.关于生态环境需水量若干问题的探讨[J].中国水利2001,(8):71～75.
[27]夏军等.西北地区生态环境需水估算的几个问题探讨[J].水文.2002.22(5):12～17.
[28]王珊琳.生态环境需水量研究进展及其理论探析.珠江水利委员会第4届中青年学术报告. 2003.
[29]许新宜,杨志峰,试论生态环境需水量[J],中国水利,2003,A,12～15.
[30]杨志峰等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[J].科学出版社(北京).2003.
[31]丰华丽,郑红星,曹阳.生态需水计算的理论基础和方法探析[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2005,21(5):50-55.
[32]杨志峰,崔保山,刘静玲等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M].科学出版社,2003.45～50.
[33]Armentrout G W, Wilson J F. Assessment of low flows in streams in northeastern Wyoming[J].USGS Water Resources Investigation Report,1987,85-4246,4(5):533-538.
[34]Mathews R C, Bao Yixing. The Texas method of preliminary instream flow assessment[J].Rivers,1991,2(4):295～310.
[35]Caissie D, El-Jabi N, Bourgeois G. Instream flow evaluation by hydrologically-based and habitat preference (hydrobiological)techniques[J].Rev Sci Eau,1998,11(3):347～363.
[36]Richter B D, Baumgartner J V, Powell J,etal. A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10(4):1163～1174.
[37]Palau A, Alcazar J. The basic flow: analternative approach to calculate minimum environmental instream flows[A].In: Leclerc M,etal. Ecohydraulics 2000, 2nd international symposiumon habitat hydraulics[C].Quebe City,1996.
[38]Christopher J, Gippel, Michael J Stewardson. Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows[J].Regulated rivers : research & management,1998,14:53～67.
[39]Mosely M P. The effect of changing discharge on channel morphology and instream uses and in a braide river, Ohau River, New Zealand[J].Water Resources Researches,1982,(18):800～812.
[40]Giesecke J, Jorde K. Ansatze zur optimierung von mindestabflubregelungen in Ausleitungsstrecken[J].Wasserwirts-chaft,1997,87:232～237.
[41]Statzner B, Muller R. Standard hemisphers as indicators of flow characteristics in groben[J].Freshwater Biology,1989,21(3):445～459.
[42]Stalnaker C B, Lamb B L, Henriksen J,etal. The instream flow incremental methodology: a primer for IFIM[M].
[43]Thoms m c, Sheldon F. An ecosystem approach for determining environmental water allocations in Australian dryland river systems : The role of geomorphology[J]. Geomorphology,2002,(47):153～168.
[44]Docampo L, Bikuna B G. The basque method for determining instream flows in Northern Spain[J].Rivers,1995,6(4):292～311.
[45]Arthington A H, King J M, Keefee J H,etal. Development of an holistic approach for assessing environmental flow requirements of river in eecosystem[A]. In: Pigram J J, Hooper B P(eds). Water Allocation for the Environment. Armindale: The Centre for Policy Research[C].University of New England,1992:69～76.
[46]King J, Louw D. Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the Building Block Methodology[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management,1998,1(2):109～124.
[47]TENNANT, D.L. Instream flow regimes for fish, widelife, recreation and related environmental resources[J]. Fisheries.1976. 1(4)-10.
[48]Donald J. Orth and O.Eugene Maughan. EVALUATION OF THE“MONTANA METHOD”FOR RECOMMENDING INSTREAM FLOWS IN OKLAHOMA STREAMS. Volume 61-1981.
[49]Appendix C. Montana-Tennant Analysis. Stillwater Sciences. May 2001.
[50]SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. Preliminary Assessment of Streamflow Requirements for Habitat Protection for Selected on the Assabet and Charles Rivers. Estern Massachusetts. USGS.
[51]方子云主编.水资源保护手册[M].河海大学出版社.1988年.
[52]方子云编著.水利建设的环境效应分析与量化[M].中国环境科学出版社.1993年.
[53]徐志侠,陈振民,王妍等.电力工程水资源论证中的生态需水[J].电力勘测.2003年第2期.
[54]Terminology Reference System. Office of Communications, Education, and Media Relations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
[55]Allen, H.E, Jr, and Cowan, E.A.1984. Low-Flow Characteristics of Streams in the Kishwaukee River Basin. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report. 84～4311.
[56]Lara, Oscar G. 1970. Low-Flow Frequencies of Illinois Streams. U.S. Geological Survey. Illinois.
[57]Singh, Krishan P. and Ramamurthy, Ganapathi S, 1993,7-Day, 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in Northeastern Illinois: ISWS Report 545.
[58]Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign, IL (Jan. 1993). Singh, Krishan P, 1993, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in Northeastern Illinois: ISWS Report 307. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Jan. 1993).
[59]Singh, Krishan P, Ramamurthy, Ganapathi S. and Seo, II Won, 1988A, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in the Rock, Spoon, La Moine, and Ksakaskia Regions: ISWS Report 440. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Feb. 1988).
[60] Singh, Krishan P, Ramamurth, G.S. and Seo, II Won, 1988B, 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Streams in the Kankakee. Sangamon, Embarras, Little Wabash, and Southern Regions: ISWS Report 441. Illinois State Water Survey: Champaign. IL (Feb. 1988)
[61]Singh, Krishan P, and Stall, John B,1973. The 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Illinois Streams. Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL.
[62]T Thomas, R K Jaiswal, R Galkate. Forecasting and Frequency Analysis of Low Flow for Beas at Pandoh——a Case Study.
[63]制订地方水污染物排放标准的技术原则与方法.1983年4月9日中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部发布.1984年4月1日实施.
[64]Estimating 7Q10Confidence Limits from Date: A Bootstrap Approach. Daniel P Ames, Ph. D Member. ASCE [5].
[65]丁晶,刘权授.随机水文学[M].中国水利水电出版社.1997. 40.
[66]崔树彬.关于生态环境需水量若干问题的探讨[J].中国水利.2001.8, 71～74.
[67]Nehring, R B 1979. Evaluation of instream flow methods and determination of water quality needs for streams in State of Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Fort Collins, CO.
[68]R2CROSS efficient for quantifying instream flows By Jay Skinner Instream Flow Coordinator Colorado Division of Wildlife.
[69]Espegren, G D. 1996. Development of Instream Flow Recommendations in Colorado Using R2CROSS. Colorado Water Conservation Board. Denver, CO.
[70]Development of Instream Flow Recommendations in Colorado Using R2CROSS. Water Rights Investigations Section. Colorado Water Conservation Board Department of Natural Resources. 1996.1.
[71]Nelson, F A, 1984. Guidelines for using the wetted perimeter (WETP) computer programof the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks: Bozeman, MT, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, variously paged.
[72]King J M, Tharme R E. Assessment of the Instream Flow Incremental methodology and initial development of alternative Instream Flow methodologies for South Africa[R]. Water Research Commission Report No. 295/1/94, 1994: 590.
[73]Stanlnaker C B. The instream flow incremental methodology: a primer for IFIM[R]. National Ecology Research Center, International Publication. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 1994: 99.
[74]KING J M, LOW D. Instream flow assessment for regulated rivers in South Africa using the building block methodology [J]. Aquat. Escosyst. Health Manag. 1998, 1: 109～124.
[75]HUGHS D A. Providing hydrological information and data analysis tools for the determination of ecological instream flow requirement for South Africa rivers[J]. Journam of Hydrology. 2001,241: 140～151.
[76]水利部黄河水利委员会编译.法国、德国水资源管理资料汇编[R]. 2000.
[77]左其亭.干旱半干旱地区植被生态用水计算[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):114～117.
[78]刑来官,巴古日雅拉.水库环境与保护[J],内蒙古科技与经济,2005,1.88～89.