基于生态位理论的节能服务企业成长战略研究
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摘要
我国目前正面临促进经济增长和建设生态文明的双重任务，发展低碳经济是国家抓住经济发展机遇和促进社会文明转型的战略选择。低碳经济是以实施节能减排为主要手段的绿色经济发展模式，节能对于保障我国能源供应、实现经济可持续发展具有重要的战略意义，而发展节能服务产业是实现我国节能规划目标的必由之路。我国政府提出节能服务产业是我国转变经济发展方式、实现低碳经济战略布局的突破口，积极发展节能服务产业是利用市场机制促进节能减排、减缓温室气体排放的有力措施。但目前我国节能服务企业的规模普遍比较小，竞争力弱，难以适应当前推进节能工作的迫切需要，而学术界对节能服务企业的系统性研究欠缺。所以，研究我国节能服务企业的成长问题具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文基于生态位理论，综合运用文献研究法、调查研究法和统计分析法，对我国节能服务企业的成长战略进行了深入系统的研究，主要取得了如下研究成果：
首先，本文分别对节能服务企业、企业生态位、企业成长的相关研究文献进行了归纳总结，指出了现有研究的不足之处，为后续研究奠定了理论基础。
其次，本文对企业成长环境的生态位因子进行了分析，提出企业生态位因子主要包括需求因子、资源因子、技术因子和制度因子，分别阐述了四个生态位因子对企业成长的影响，并构建了企业生态位因子模型，在此基础上，本文提出了生态位因子与节能服务企业成长绩效关系的概念模型，并对模型中各变量的维度与内涵进行了界定，然后根据此模型提出了理论假设。
再次，本文设计了节能服务企业成长环境调查问卷并进行了问卷调查，运用结构方程模型对本文提出的假设进行了验证，实证研究结果表明，需求因子、资源因子、技术因子和制度因子及其各个维度对节能服务企业的财务绩效和非财务绩效均具有显著的正向影响；然后本文进一步对我国节能服务企业的成长环境进行了评价，并提出了改善我国节能服务企业整体成长环境的对策建议。
最后，本文基于生态位理论的视角，提出了企业成长战略的类型和内涵，并对我国节能服务企业种群的演化规律做了实证研究，得出了我国节能服务企业种群正处于成长阶段的后期的结论；然后本文对我国节能服务企业的成长战略进行了研究，指出我国节能服务企业可采取错位经营战略、价值创新战略和协同进化战略来实现可持续成长。
China is facing the dual task of promoting economic growth and buildingecological civilization at present, and the development of low-carbon economy is thestrategic choice of our country to seize the opportunity of economic development andadvance the transition of social civilization. Low-carbon economy is a greeneconomic development model, which takes energy conservation and emissionreduction as the main means. Energy conservation has an important strategicsignificance for China's energy supply and sustainable economic development, andthe development of energy service industry is the only way to achieve the goal ofChina's energy conservation plan. The Chinese government puts forward that energyservice industry is the breakthrough for China to transform the mode of economicdevelopment and achieve the strategic layout of low-carbon economy, and that theenergetical development of energy service industry is the vigorous measure topromote energy conservation and emission reduction and slow down greenhouse gasemissions through market mechanisms. However, with the small scale and weakcompetitiveness, it is difficult for China's energy service companies (ESCOs) to adaptto the urgent need to promote energy conservation nowadays. Besides, the systematicacademic research on ESCOs is deficient. Therefore, study on the growth of ESCOsin China has important theoretical and practical significance.
Based on the niche theory, this dissertation makes a thorough and systematicstudy on the growth strategies of ESCOs in China through the integrated use ofliterature research, survey research and statistical analysis. The main research resultsachieved in this dissertation are as follows:
Firstly, this dissertation respectively reviews and summarizes the literatures onESCOs, organizational niche and firm growth, and points out the deficiencies of theexisting research, in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow-up research.
Secondly, this dissertation analyzes the niche factors on firm growth environment,including demand factor, resource factor, technology factor and institution factor.Then the effects of four niche factors on firm growth are respectively expounded, andthe niche factor model is built. Based on the above analysis, this dissertation proposes the conceptual model of the relationship between niche factors and growthperformance of ESCOs, and defines the dimensions and concepts of the variables inthis model. According to this model, the theoretical hypotheses are given.
Thirdly, this dissertation designs the questionnaire on ESCO’s growthenvironment and conducts a questionnaire survey. The structural equation modelingmethod is used to validate the hypotheses proposed in this dissertation. The empiricalresults show that demand factor, resource factor, technology factor and institutionfactor and their various dimensions all have significant positive impacts on thefinancial performance and non-financial performance of ESCOs. Then the dissertationevaluates the growth environment of China's ESCOs and puts forward thecountermeasures and suggestions.
Finally, based on the perspective of niche theory, this dissertation proposes thetypes and contents of firm growth strategies. The empirical study of the evolution ofChina’s ESCO population shows that ESCO population in China is in the later stageof growth. Then the dissertation studies the growth strategies of China’s ESCOs, andthe conclusion is that ESCOs in China can take dislocation management strategy,value innovation strategy and co-evolution strategy to achieve sustainable growth.
本文基于生态位理论，综合运用文献研究法、调查研究法和统计分析法，对我国节能服务企业的成长战略进行了深入系统的研究，主要取得了如下研究成果：
首先，本文分别对节能服务企业、企业生态位、企业成长的相关研究文献进行了归纳总结，指出了现有研究的不足之处，为后续研究奠定了理论基础。
其次，本文对企业成长环境的生态位因子进行了分析，提出企业生态位因子主要包括需求因子、资源因子、技术因子和制度因子，分别阐述了四个生态位因子对企业成长的影响，并构建了企业生态位因子模型，在此基础上，本文提出了生态位因子与节能服务企业成长绩效关系的概念模型，并对模型中各变量的维度与内涵进行了界定，然后根据此模型提出了理论假设。
再次，本文设计了节能服务企业成长环境调查问卷并进行了问卷调查，运用结构方程模型对本文提出的假设进行了验证，实证研究结果表明，需求因子、资源因子、技术因子和制度因子及其各个维度对节能服务企业的财务绩效和非财务绩效均具有显著的正向影响；然后本文进一步对我国节能服务企业的成长环境进行了评价，并提出了改善我国节能服务企业整体成长环境的对策建议。
最后，本文基于生态位理论的视角，提出了企业成长战略的类型和内涵，并对我国节能服务企业种群的演化规律做了实证研究，得出了我国节能服务企业种群正处于成长阶段的后期的结论；然后本文对我国节能服务企业的成长战略进行了研究，指出我国节能服务企业可采取错位经营战略、价值创新战略和协同进化战略来实现可持续成长。
China is facing the dual task of promoting economic growth and buildingecological civilization at present, and the development of low-carbon economy is thestrategic choice of our country to seize the opportunity of economic development andadvance the transition of social civilization. Low-carbon economy is a greeneconomic development model, which takes energy conservation and emissionreduction as the main means. Energy conservation has an important strategicsignificance for China's energy supply and sustainable economic development, andthe development of energy service industry is the only way to achieve the goal ofChina's energy conservation plan. The Chinese government puts forward that energyservice industry is the breakthrough for China to transform the mode of economicdevelopment and achieve the strategic layout of low-carbon economy, and that theenergetical development of energy service industry is the vigorous measure topromote energy conservation and emission reduction and slow down greenhouse gasemissions through market mechanisms. However, with the small scale and weakcompetitiveness, it is difficult for China's energy service companies (ESCOs) to adaptto the urgent need to promote energy conservation nowadays. Besides, the systematicacademic research on ESCOs is deficient. Therefore, study on the growth of ESCOsin China has important theoretical and practical significance.
Based on the niche theory, this dissertation makes a thorough and systematicstudy on the growth strategies of ESCOs in China through the integrated use ofliterature research, survey research and statistical analysis. The main research resultsachieved in this dissertation are as follows:
Firstly, this dissertation respectively reviews and summarizes the literatures onESCOs, organizational niche and firm growth, and points out the deficiencies of theexisting research, in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow-up research.
Secondly, this dissertation analyzes the niche factors on firm growth environment,including demand factor, resource factor, technology factor and institution factor.Then the effects of four niche factors on firm growth are respectively expounded, andthe niche factor model is built. Based on the above analysis, this dissertation proposes the conceptual model of the relationship between niche factors and growthperformance of ESCOs, and defines the dimensions and concepts of the variables inthis model. According to this model, the theoretical hypotheses are given.
Thirdly, this dissertation designs the questionnaire on ESCO’s growthenvironment and conducts a questionnaire survey. The structural equation modelingmethod is used to validate the hypotheses proposed in this dissertation. The empiricalresults show that demand factor, resource factor, technology factor and institutionfactor and their various dimensions all have significant positive impacts on thefinancial performance and non-financial performance of ESCOs. Then the dissertationevaluates the growth environment of China's ESCOs and puts forward thecountermeasures and suggestions.
Finally, based on the perspective of niche theory, this dissertation proposes thetypes and contents of firm growth strategies. The empirical study of the evolution ofChina’s ESCO population shows that ESCO population in China is in the later stageof growth. Then the dissertation studies the growth strategies of China’s ESCOs, andthe conclusion is that ESCOs in China can take dislocation management strategy,value innovation strategy and co-evolution strategy to achieve sustainable growth.
引文
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