陆稻改良技术对山区农业可持续发展的影响
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摘要
云南位于我国西南边陲,是分别与越南、缅甸和老挝接壤的少数民族聚居山区,其粮食生产不仅关乎民生,更是关乎民族团结和边疆稳定。而在云南西南山区,陆稻种植不仅是山区粮食生产的重要组成部分,还是当地农户的主要粮源。但是,滇西南山区陆稻多分布在地形地势复杂、气候类型多样、社会经济条件和耕作水平迥异的热带亚热带贫困山区及半山区。为了提高农业生产力并保护自然资源,云南农业技术部门近年来开发了一些具有创新和发展前景的陆稻生产方法和技术。因此,研究此背景下滇西南山区的可持续发展情况,为山区粮食生产和经济发展,及制定山区可持续发展的政策提供基础信息和科学依据,具有重要的现实意义和参考价值。
本文结合云南山区农业发展背景,选取云南西南部澜沧县、孟连县和景洪市的7个村寨作为样本,以农户为研究对象,采用问卷与访谈的形式进行实地调查。虽然各调查村寨处于不同的发展阶段,但均以陆稻的生产发展为依托,所以对于体现陆稻技术的影响发展过程是极具代表性的。首先,本文运用相关农业可持续发展理论,定性分析陆稻改良技术对山区生态、经济和社会发展的影响;其次,采用层次分析法将云南西南部陆稻主产区的生态、经济和社会发展效益指标具体化,以定量分析论证并支持定性分析的可行性;最后,在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,对滇西南山区陆稻主产区的可持续发展现状进行综合描述和评价。
本文结论认为:整体上来说,陆稻改良技术对滇西南山区可持续发展的推动作用是十分积极和显著的,不仅提高了山区经济和社会的发展,还促进了山区生态的稳定。但是,可持续发展系统内部存在差距,即陆稻改良技术的推动作用在生态、经济和社会可持续发展方面不尽相同。结合研究结论,本文就山区可持续发展提出针对性建议,生态发展方面:提高复种指数、推广优质品种、合理施用化肥;经济发展方面:开展陆稻扶贫、拓宽增收渠道、开发陆稻产业;社会发展方面:发挥政府职能、扶持少数民族、培训科技能力。
Yunnan province is located in the frontier of southwest China, which border on Vietnam, Myanmar and Laos as a minority mountainous area. The local food security problem not only concern livelihood, but also relate to the national unity and frontier stabilization. In the mountainous area of southwest Yunnan, Upland Rice (UR) is not only the important component of agriculture production, but also the main food source of local farmers. However, the local UR is almost distributed in the cold drought indigent mountainous area, which have complicated terrain, diversified climate and different economy development and cultivation patterns. In recent years, the agro-tech departments of Yunnan explored some innovative and progressed techniques to improve the agricultural productivity with protecting the environment. So, it has practical meanings and valuable reference to provide information and evidence for the development of mountainous economy and food security, by the research on sustainable development of mountainous area in southwest Yunnan in the context.
With the mountainous agriculture development in Yunnan, This paper chose 7 sample villages from Lancang County, Menglian County and Jinghong City of southwest Yunnan, and adopted questionnaire and interview to survey the peasant households. Although the sample villages have different development stages, they are all depending on the UR development, so its representative to explore the influence process of UR technology. So, first, combined with related theories of sustainable agriculture development, this paper analyzed the influence of UR improved technology on the mountainous development of ecology, economy and society by qualitative analysis; then, demonstrate it by quantitative analysis with concrete index of each aspect, which is given by AHP method; finally, on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper gave a comprehensive description and evaluation to the sustainable development of mountainous area in southwestern Yunnan.
This paper concluded that the driven force of UR improved technology is obvious and active to the sustainable development of ecology, economy and society of mountainous area in southwest Yunnan. But the development difference existed in the sustainable development system, as the driven force extent is different in each aspect. In conclusion, this paper promoted pertinent suggestions included: Improve multi-cropping density, Extend high quality variety and Apply fertilizers rationally in ecology; Develop UR poverty alleviation, Broaden income sources and Explore UR industry in economy; Exert government function, Support minorities and Train technology ability in society.
本文结合云南山区农业发展背景,选取云南西南部澜沧县、孟连县和景洪市的7个村寨作为样本,以农户为研究对象,采用问卷与访谈的形式进行实地调查。虽然各调查村寨处于不同的发展阶段,但均以陆稻的生产发展为依托,所以对于体现陆稻技术的影响发展过程是极具代表性的。首先,本文运用相关农业可持续发展理论,定性分析陆稻改良技术对山区生态、经济和社会发展的影响;其次,采用层次分析法将云南西南部陆稻主产区的生态、经济和社会发展效益指标具体化,以定量分析论证并支持定性分析的可行性;最后,在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,对滇西南山区陆稻主产区的可持续发展现状进行综合描述和评价。
本文结论认为:整体上来说,陆稻改良技术对滇西南山区可持续发展的推动作用是十分积极和显著的,不仅提高了山区经济和社会的发展,还促进了山区生态的稳定。但是,可持续发展系统内部存在差距,即陆稻改良技术的推动作用在生态、经济和社会可持续发展方面不尽相同。结合研究结论,本文就山区可持续发展提出针对性建议,生态发展方面:提高复种指数、推广优质品种、合理施用化肥;经济发展方面:开展陆稻扶贫、拓宽增收渠道、开发陆稻产业;社会发展方面:发挥政府职能、扶持少数民族、培训科技能力。
Yunnan province is located in the frontier of southwest China, which border on Vietnam, Myanmar and Laos as a minority mountainous area. The local food security problem not only concern livelihood, but also relate to the national unity and frontier stabilization. In the mountainous area of southwest Yunnan, Upland Rice (UR) is not only the important component of agriculture production, but also the main food source of local farmers. However, the local UR is almost distributed in the cold drought indigent mountainous area, which have complicated terrain, diversified climate and different economy development and cultivation patterns. In recent years, the agro-tech departments of Yunnan explored some innovative and progressed techniques to improve the agricultural productivity with protecting the environment. So, it has practical meanings and valuable reference to provide information and evidence for the development of mountainous economy and food security, by the research on sustainable development of mountainous area in southwest Yunnan in the context.
With the mountainous agriculture development in Yunnan, This paper chose 7 sample villages from Lancang County, Menglian County and Jinghong City of southwest Yunnan, and adopted questionnaire and interview to survey the peasant households. Although the sample villages have different development stages, they are all depending on the UR development, so its representative to explore the influence process of UR technology. So, first, combined with related theories of sustainable agriculture development, this paper analyzed the influence of UR improved technology on the mountainous development of ecology, economy and society by qualitative analysis; then, demonstrate it by quantitative analysis with concrete index of each aspect, which is given by AHP method; finally, on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper gave a comprehensive description and evaluation to the sustainable development of mountainous area in southwestern Yunnan.
This paper concluded that the driven force of UR improved technology is obvious and active to the sustainable development of ecology, economy and society of mountainous area in southwest Yunnan. But the development difference existed in the sustainable development system, as the driven force extent is different in each aspect. In conclusion, this paper promoted pertinent suggestions included: Improve multi-cropping density, Extend high quality variety and Apply fertilizers rationally in ecology; Develop UR poverty alleviation, Broaden income sources and Explore UR industry in economy; Exert government function, Support minorities and Train technology ability in society.
引文
1陶大云 等.云南省农业科学院,粮食作物研究所.《云南省农科院的陆稻研究》[M].
1阿扎.在中国扶贫开发协会社会扶贫研讨会上的发言.http://www.ynfp.cn/zcfg_show.asp?zcfgid=64
2云南省经济研究所、云南省社科院农村经济研究所.《云南农业发展战略研究》[M].云南人民出版社,1991,p209
*台地类似于山区梯田,不同的是,梯田进行水田农业,台地进行旱地农业。
3陶大云 等.云南省农业科学院,粮食作物研究所.《云南省农科院的陆稻研究》[M].
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7覃守贵,“贫困山区农户采用旱稻的影响因素研究——以广西忻称县为例”,中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005
1极度互联.“多少粮食才安全”http://www.jidunet.com/Article09/dnstop007/200706/212461.html
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1阿扎.在中国扶贫开发协会社会扶贫研讨会上的发言.http://www.ynfp.cn/zcfg_show.asp?zcfgid=64
2云南省经济研究所、云南省社科院农村经济研究所.《云南农业发展战略研究》[M].云南人民出版社,1991,p209
*台地类似于山区梯田,不同的是,梯田进行水田农业,台地进行旱地农业。
3陶大云 等.云南省农业科学院,粮食作物研究所.《云南省农科院的陆稻研究》[M].
1尹绍亭.人与森林—资源人类学视野中的刀耕火种[M].云南教育出版社,2000,P341
2尹绍亭.人与森林—资源人类学视野中的刀耕火种[M].云南教育出版社,2000,p238-242
7覃守贵,“贫困山区农户采用旱稻的影响因素研究——以广西忻称县为例”,中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005
1极度互联.“多少粮食才安全”http://www.jidunet.com/Article09/dnstop007/200706/212461.html
2袁平夫,生态农业综合效益评价方法探析,中国生态农业学报[J],2006(7),184-187
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