耕种方式对沿淮稻茬麦田土壤因子及小麦生育的影响
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摘要
试验于2006年10月-2008年6月在怀远县龙亢农场进行。研究了不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦土壤因子和小麦生育特性及品质的影响。主要结果如下:
1、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦土壤因子的影响
不同的耕种方式,沿淮稻茬小麦地温出现规律性变化。同一时期内温度随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,拨节到孕穗期同一土层深度地温表现为耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播,开花到蜡熟期表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播;同一时期旋耕条播的深层土壤温度较旋耕条播和耕翻条播低1-2℃;开花期昼夜温差耕翻撒播处理最小为16℃。
耕翻条播处理在小麦整个生育期均维持较高的氮、磷的含量,速效氮含量最高为85.0 ug/g,速效磷含量最高为9.86ug/g。播种前10-20cm土壤有机质含量旋耕处理低于较耕翻处理为低13.15g/kg,收获后有机质含量旋耕处理最高为12.24g/kg。
土壤紧实度在10cm深度各处理差别不大,20cm深度土壤紧实度各生育期均表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播。蜡熟期旋耕条播土壤紧实度最大,为1288.43kpa。
2、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦形态生理的影响
本试验三个处理在拔节期总茎蘖数达到最高,其中总茎蘖数以耕翻撒播最高为1905万/hm~2,有效穗数以旋耕条播最高为706.5万/hm~2,出苗率以耕翻条播最高为97.60%,成穗率以旋耕条播最高为47.1%。
各处理叶面积指数均在孕穗期达最大值,孕穗后明显下降。各生育时期群体叶面积指数表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,其中耕翻条播与旋耕条播叶面积指数差异不明显,与耕翻撒播差异明显。
日光合速率小麦开花期最大出现在上午10时,最大光合速率各处理存在差异,其中耕翻条播处理为23.00umolCO_2m~(-2)s~(-1),且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,10时后Pn值呈下降趋势,14时左右出现第二峰值,光合速率之间差别不明显,此时耕翻条播处理为8.50umolCO_2m~(-2)s~(-1)。
叶片叶绿素含量的变化趋势从分蘖到蜡熟期呈“抛物线”形状,到孕穗期达最大值,此时耕翻条播处理叶绿素含量为4.43mg/g;同一生育期,叶绿素含量均表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播。
叶片叶鞘可溶性糖含量各处理均自拔节期提高,开花期达最大值,耕翻条播处理为3.00%,拔节期至灌浆期叶片可溶性糖含量表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,蜡熟期表现为耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻条播。
开花后30天耕翻撒播千粒重已经停止增长,而旋耕条播和耕翻条播处理灌浆后期籽粒千粒重仍有少量增长,其中耕翻条播增长幅度大于旋耕条播。
小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量开花后5天左右达到最大值,表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,耕翻条播处理可溶性糖含量为3.68%,在其后三处理之间差异逐渐减少。
3、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦产量和品质性状的影响
亩穗数以旋耕条播最高为706.5万/hm~2,且表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播;穗粒数以耕翻条播最高为28.5个/穗,且表现耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播;千粒重以耕翻条播最高为43.8g,且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播;实际产量以耕翻条播最高为7785kg/hm~2,且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播。说明耕种方式能显著影响沿淮稻茬小麦产量。
不同耕种方式能显著影响弱筋小麦皖麦48的品质,容重耕翻条播最高为811.0g/l,表现耕翻条播＞耕翻条播＞旋耕撒播;旋耕条播蛋白质含量13.85%,湿面筋含量31.85%,SDS沉降值29.08ml,碱性水保持力60.45%。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值和碱性水保持力为旋耕条播＞耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播。膨胀势以旋耕条播最高为9.13,表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播。
The field experiment proceeded in the testing farm of Long Kang in Huaiyuan County, from October,2006 to June,2008.It researched on the impact of the soil factor of the rice stubble of wheat,and growth characteristics and quality of wheat on different methods of farming along Huaihe River.Main results were as follows:
1.The impact of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
The Soil temperature of the rice stubble of wheat changed with regularity along Huaihe Rive.The soil temperature gradually decreased with the increasing depth of the soil during the same period,which the soil temperature was Ploughing Drilling＞Ploughing sow＞Rotary Drilling in the depth of the same soil from Festival period allocated to the boot stage,and ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow from Flowering period to maturity of wax.The soil temperature of Rotary Drilling was lower at 1-2℃than the Rotary Drilling and ploughing Drilling during the same period.The temperature of ploughing sow was the smallest at 16℃difference between day and night during the flowering period.
The nitrogen and phosphorus content of Drilling ploughing maintain a higher level during the growing period,which was the nitrogen content of up to 85.0ug/g, phosphorus content of up to 9.86 ug/g.soil organic matter content of Rotary ploughing was lower than Ploughing Drilling at13.15 g/kg before sowing at soil of 10-20 cm,and organic matter content of Rotary ploughing was the highest and up to 12.24 g/kg.Soil compaction of the three treatments was the little difference,and it showed Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling at the soil of 20 cm during the growing period,soil compaction of Rotary Drilling was the largest,to 1288.43 kpa at the La maturity.
2.The impact of wheat morphological and physiological of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
The total number of sem tillers was the highest in the jointing stage of the trial of three treatment,which it was the highest up to 19.05 million/hm2 of sow ploughing, effective ears was a maximum of Rotary Drilling at 7065000/hm2,germination rate was the highest up to 97.60 percent of ploughing Drilling,and a rate spike was a maximum of Rotary Drilling at 47.1 percent.
The leaf area index all reached the maximum in the boot stage,after booting decreased significantly.it was a performance of ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow during different stages,which ploughing Drilling and Rotary Drilling of leaf area index difference was not obvious,and ploughing sow difference significantly.
Nikko rate was the largest at 10:00 at the wheat flowering stage,and the greatest photosynthetic rate was differences between the various methods,which was a performance of ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow.It was a declining trend after 10:00,and there was the second peak around 14:00,that was not obvious differences,and the photosynthetic rate of ploughing Drilling was 8.50 umolCO2m~(-2)s~(-1). The trend of leaf chlorophyll content was "parabola" shape from the tiller to wax maturity,and the maximum to boot stage,that the highest up to 4.43 mg/g of ploughing Drilling.The chlorophyll content of performance was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Geng Drilling＞ploughing sow in the same growth period.
soluble sugar content of Leaf sheath all increased from the jointing stage,and got to the maximum of the flowering period,which was 3.00 percent of ploughing Drilling.performance of leaves soluble sugar content was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow from jointing stage to the filling stage,and ploughing sow＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing Drilling at Maturity wax stage.
1000-grain weight had stopped growth after 30 days of the flowering for ploughing sow;however was still a small amount of grain growth for ploughing Drilling and Rotary Drilling,which the rate of ploughing Drilling growth was more than Rotary Drilling.
Soluble sugar content of Wheat seed achieved maximum about five days of the flowering,and the performance was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞sow ploughing,which was 3.68 percent of ploughing Drilling,however the difference of three treatments gradually reduced in the following.
3.The impact of wheat yield and quality characters of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
Spike numbers per 667m~2 was Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling,and a maximum of Rotary Drilling,to 7065000/hm2.Panicle showed ploughing Drilling＞ploughing Sow＞Rotary Drilling,and the highest up to 28.5/Sui of ploughing Drilling.1000-grain weight was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow,and a maximum of ploughing Drilling,to 43.8g.actual output was a maximum of ploughing Drilling,to 7785 kg/hm2,and ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow.it showed that could significantly impact on the rice stubble of wheat production with different farming methods along Huaihe Rive.
Different farming methods could significantly affect weak gluten wheat quality on Wanmai 48,and the density was the highest up to 811.0 g/l of ploughing Drilling, which was ploughing Drilling＞ploughing Drilling＞Rotary sow.Protein content was 13.85 percent of Rotary Drilling,and the wet gluten content was 31.85 percent,the SDS settlement value was 29.08 ml,and the alkaline water retention was 60.45 percent.Protein content,wet gluten content,SDS settlement value and alkaline water retention capacity all were the Rotary Drilling＞ploughing Drilling＞ploughing sow. Swelling power was Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling,and the highest to 9.13 of Rotary Drilling.
1、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦土壤因子的影响
不同的耕种方式,沿淮稻茬小麦地温出现规律性变化。同一时期内温度随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,拨节到孕穗期同一土层深度地温表现为耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播,开花到蜡熟期表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播;同一时期旋耕条播的深层土壤温度较旋耕条播和耕翻条播低1-2℃;开花期昼夜温差耕翻撒播处理最小为16℃。
耕翻条播处理在小麦整个生育期均维持较高的氮、磷的含量,速效氮含量最高为85.0 ug/g,速效磷含量最高为9.86ug/g。播种前10-20cm土壤有机质含量旋耕处理低于较耕翻处理为低13.15g/kg,收获后有机质含量旋耕处理最高为12.24g/kg。
土壤紧实度在10cm深度各处理差别不大,20cm深度土壤紧实度各生育期均表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播。蜡熟期旋耕条播土壤紧实度最大,为1288.43kpa。
2、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦形态生理的影响
本试验三个处理在拔节期总茎蘖数达到最高,其中总茎蘖数以耕翻撒播最高为1905万/hm~2,有效穗数以旋耕条播最高为706.5万/hm~2,出苗率以耕翻条播最高为97.60%,成穗率以旋耕条播最高为47.1%。
各处理叶面积指数均在孕穗期达最大值,孕穗后明显下降。各生育时期群体叶面积指数表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,其中耕翻条播与旋耕条播叶面积指数差异不明显,与耕翻撒播差异明显。
日光合速率小麦开花期最大出现在上午10时,最大光合速率各处理存在差异,其中耕翻条播处理为23.00umolCO_2m~(-2)s~(-1),且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,10时后Pn值呈下降趋势,14时左右出现第二峰值,光合速率之间差别不明显,此时耕翻条播处理为8.50umolCO_2m~(-2)s~(-1)。
叶片叶绿素含量的变化趋势从分蘖到蜡熟期呈“抛物线”形状,到孕穗期达最大值,此时耕翻条播处理叶绿素含量为4.43mg/g;同一生育期,叶绿素含量均表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播。
叶片叶鞘可溶性糖含量各处理均自拔节期提高,开花期达最大值,耕翻条播处理为3.00%,拔节期至灌浆期叶片可溶性糖含量表现为耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,蜡熟期表现为耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻条播。
开花后30天耕翻撒播千粒重已经停止增长,而旋耕条播和耕翻条播处理灌浆后期籽粒千粒重仍有少量增长,其中耕翻条播增长幅度大于旋耕条播。
小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量开花后5天左右达到最大值,表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播,耕翻条播处理可溶性糖含量为3.68%,在其后三处理之间差异逐渐减少。
3、不同耕种方式对沿淮稻茬小麦产量和品质性状的影响
亩穗数以旋耕条播最高为706.5万/hm~2,且表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播;穗粒数以耕翻条播最高为28.5个/穗,且表现耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播＞旋耕条播;千粒重以耕翻条播最高为43.8g,且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播;实际产量以耕翻条播最高为7785kg/hm~2,且表现耕翻条播＞旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播。说明耕种方式能显著影响沿淮稻茬小麦产量。
不同耕种方式能显著影响弱筋小麦皖麦48的品质,容重耕翻条播最高为811.0g/l,表现耕翻条播＞耕翻条播＞旋耕撒播;旋耕条播蛋白质含量13.85%,湿面筋含量31.85%,SDS沉降值29.08ml,碱性水保持力60.45%。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值和碱性水保持力为旋耕条播＞耕翻条播＞耕翻撒播。膨胀势以旋耕条播最高为9.13,表现旋耕条播＞耕翻撒播＞耕翻条播。
The field experiment proceeded in the testing farm of Long Kang in Huaiyuan County, from October,2006 to June,2008.It researched on the impact of the soil factor of the rice stubble of wheat,and growth characteristics and quality of wheat on different methods of farming along Huaihe River.Main results were as follows:
1.The impact of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
The Soil temperature of the rice stubble of wheat changed with regularity along Huaihe Rive.The soil temperature gradually decreased with the increasing depth of the soil during the same period,which the soil temperature was Ploughing Drilling＞Ploughing sow＞Rotary Drilling in the depth of the same soil from Festival period allocated to the boot stage,and ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow from Flowering period to maturity of wax.The soil temperature of Rotary Drilling was lower at 1-2℃than the Rotary Drilling and ploughing Drilling during the same period.The temperature of ploughing sow was the smallest at 16℃difference between day and night during the flowering period.
The nitrogen and phosphorus content of Drilling ploughing maintain a higher level during the growing period,which was the nitrogen content of up to 85.0ug/g, phosphorus content of up to 9.86 ug/g.soil organic matter content of Rotary ploughing was lower than Ploughing Drilling at13.15 g/kg before sowing at soil of 10-20 cm,and organic matter content of Rotary ploughing was the highest and up to 12.24 g/kg.Soil compaction of the three treatments was the little difference,and it showed Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling at the soil of 20 cm during the growing period,soil compaction of Rotary Drilling was the largest,to 1288.43 kpa at the La maturity.
2.The impact of wheat morphological and physiological of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
The total number of sem tillers was the highest in the jointing stage of the trial of three treatment,which it was the highest up to 19.05 million/hm2 of sow ploughing, effective ears was a maximum of Rotary Drilling at 7065000/hm2,germination rate was the highest up to 97.60 percent of ploughing Drilling,and a rate spike was a maximum of Rotary Drilling at 47.1 percent.
The leaf area index all reached the maximum in the boot stage,after booting decreased significantly.it was a performance of ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow during different stages,which ploughing Drilling and Rotary Drilling of leaf area index difference was not obvious,and ploughing sow difference significantly.
Nikko rate was the largest at 10:00 at the wheat flowering stage,and the greatest photosynthetic rate was differences between the various methods,which was a performance of ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow.It was a declining trend after 10:00,and there was the second peak around 14:00,that was not obvious differences,and the photosynthetic rate of ploughing Drilling was 8.50 umolCO2m~(-2)s~(-1). The trend of leaf chlorophyll content was "parabola" shape from the tiller to wax maturity,and the maximum to boot stage,that the highest up to 4.43 mg/g of ploughing Drilling.The chlorophyll content of performance was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Geng Drilling＞ploughing sow in the same growth period.
soluble sugar content of Leaf sheath all increased from the jointing stage,and got to the maximum of the flowering period,which was 3.00 percent of ploughing Drilling.performance of leaves soluble sugar content was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow from jointing stage to the filling stage,and ploughing sow＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing Drilling at Maturity wax stage.
1000-grain weight had stopped growth after 30 days of the flowering for ploughing sow;however was still a small amount of grain growth for ploughing Drilling and Rotary Drilling,which the rate of ploughing Drilling growth was more than Rotary Drilling.
Soluble sugar content of Wheat seed achieved maximum about five days of the flowering,and the performance was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞sow ploughing,which was 3.68 percent of ploughing Drilling,however the difference of three treatments gradually reduced in the following.
3.The impact of wheat yield and quality characters of the rice stubble of wheat on different ways of farming along Huaihe Rive
Spike numbers per 667m~2 was Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling,and a maximum of Rotary Drilling,to 7065000/hm2.Panicle showed ploughing Drilling＞ploughing Sow＞Rotary Drilling,and the highest up to 28.5/Sui of ploughing Drilling.1000-grain weight was ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow,and a maximum of ploughing Drilling,to 43.8g.actual output was a maximum of ploughing Drilling,to 7785 kg/hm2,and ploughing Drilling＞Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow.it showed that could significantly impact on the rice stubble of wheat production with different farming methods along Huaihe Rive.
Different farming methods could significantly affect weak gluten wheat quality on Wanmai 48,and the density was the highest up to 811.0 g/l of ploughing Drilling, which was ploughing Drilling＞ploughing Drilling＞Rotary sow.Protein content was 13.85 percent of Rotary Drilling,and the wet gluten content was 31.85 percent,the SDS settlement value was 29.08 ml,and the alkaline water retention was 60.45 percent.Protein content,wet gluten content,SDS settlement value and alkaline water retention capacity all were the Rotary Drilling＞ploughing Drilling＞ploughing sow. Swelling power was Rotary Drilling＞ploughing sow＞ploughing Drilling,and the highest to 9.13 of Rotary Drilling.
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