杨凌集中供水水源地环境保护规划研究
摘要
本研究调查了杨凌示范区城市饮用水源地的地理环境及水源概况,根据国家的相关政策法规对杨凌城市集中供水水源地源头保护进行了环境保护专项规划,研究提出了全区三个水源地的一、二级保护区范围、面积,研究制定了饮用水水源地环境保护工程规划,并对规划进行了可达性分析和效益评估,以保证杨凌城市的供水资源不再受到污染,以利于杨凌示范区的可持续发展(具体规划详图见附录)。
杨凌示范区位于全国宏观经济布局的一级发展轴线上,属陕西传统的关中经济区,是关中高新技术产业带和星火产业带上的重要节点城市,是以农业高新技术产业开发与示范为主导,农业科教、旅游、商贸等第三产业发达的、交通便捷、信息畅通、城乡空间有机整合的生态型、田园式、具有现代化生态景观风貌、可持续发展的中国农业科学城和农业“硅谷”,陕西关中的区域性中心城市。由于近年来渭河水质总体恶化的趋势仍没有得到根本性改观,对陕西关中地区地表水环境负面影响十分明显,对杨凌城市地表水和地下水质量也有一定的冲击,加之杨凌示范区经济一直保持着较快的发展速度,生产、生活废水排放量急剧增加,地下水水质已有不断恶化趋势,城市饮用水源地周边环境污染的危险性日趋增大,城市居民用水安全受到极大地挑战.本规划依据杨凌示范区“十一五”国民经济发展总体规划,参照有关环境保护标准和技术导则,科学合理地编制城市饮用水源地环境保护规划,对保障杨凌地区水资源持续利用和实现经济社会可持续发展具有非常重要的意义,将为杨凌示范区政府宏观决策和水资源的安全管理提供科学依据。
全文共分为六章。第一章对杨凌饮用水源地进行了概述;第二章阐述了规划的原则、依据、范围及目标;第三章介绍了饮用水水源保护区的划分与核定;第四章对饮用水源地环境质量状况进行了评价;第五章规划了饮用水源地的环境保护工程;第六章对项目的可达性及投资和效益评估、规划实施的计划和保障进行了分析和总结。
The study explores the general situation of geographic environment and source of drinking water source. On the basis of relevant state policy, the paper makes special environment protection planning for centralized water supply source in Yangling City, puts forward first and second class protection region scope and coverage of three water sources in Yangling region, works out environment protection project plan for drinking water source. Besides, the paper makes feasibility analysis and benefit assessment to ensure the city's pollution-free water supply source and sustainable development of Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Demonstration Zone(see detailed planning in appendix).
Yangling Demonstration Zone is located on the first class development axis of state macro economic planning, belonging to traditional Guanzhong Plain Economical Zone and key node city on Guanzhong Hi-tech Industry belt and Spark Industry belt. Yangling, with agriculture hi-tech development and demonstration as its guide, boasts advanced third industry such as agriculture hi-tech education, tourism, business and commerce, enjoys the reputation as china's agriculture "silicon" with sustainable development, convenient transportation, up-to-date information, ecological and pastoral mode, a perfect combination of city and countryside and modern ecological scenery. Yangling city is also the central regional city in Guanzhong Plain.
In recent years, deterioration of water quality in Weihe River has not been solved fundamentally, which poses obvious threat to earth surface water in Guanzhong region, as a result, earth's surface water and underground water quality in Yangling city has also been affected. In addition, since Yangling Demonstration Zone has maintained fast development momentum, production and domestic waste water discharge amount has increased dramatically, and underground water quality is going from bad to worse, the city's drinking water source and the danger of surrounding environment pollution has multiplied, as a consequence, the safety of residents drinking water has been challenged. The plan, based on " Eleventh Five " national economical overall planning of Yangling Demonstration Zone, with reference to relevant environment protection criteria and technical guide, designs scientifically and rationally drinking water source environment protection plan of the city, which will have far reaching effect on ensuring continued development of water source in Yangling region and its sustainable economical development, and will provide scientific basis for Yangling government's macro decision and water source safety management.
The paper includes six chapters. Chapter one gives a brief introduction of Yangling city's drinking water source; chapter two illustrates the principle, basis, scope and objective of the plan; chapter three introduces the classification and approval of drinking water source protection zone; chapter four evaluates environment quality of drinking water source; chapter five proposes environment protection plan of drinking water source; chapter six makes an assessment of project feasibility, investment and benefit, analyses and summarizes project plan and guarantee of project implementation.
杨凌示范区位于全国宏观经济布局的一级发展轴线上,属陕西传统的关中经济区,是关中高新技术产业带和星火产业带上的重要节点城市,是以农业高新技术产业开发与示范为主导,农业科教、旅游、商贸等第三产业发达的、交通便捷、信息畅通、城乡空间有机整合的生态型、田园式、具有现代化生态景观风貌、可持续发展的中国农业科学城和农业“硅谷”,陕西关中的区域性中心城市。由于近年来渭河水质总体恶化的趋势仍没有得到根本性改观,对陕西关中地区地表水环境负面影响十分明显,对杨凌城市地表水和地下水质量也有一定的冲击,加之杨凌示范区经济一直保持着较快的发展速度,生产、生活废水排放量急剧增加,地下水水质已有不断恶化趋势,城市饮用水源地周边环境污染的危险性日趋增大,城市居民用水安全受到极大地挑战.本规划依据杨凌示范区“十一五”国民经济发展总体规划,参照有关环境保护标准和技术导则,科学合理地编制城市饮用水源地环境保护规划,对保障杨凌地区水资源持续利用和实现经济社会可持续发展具有非常重要的意义,将为杨凌示范区政府宏观决策和水资源的安全管理提供科学依据。
全文共分为六章。第一章对杨凌饮用水源地进行了概述;第二章阐述了规划的原则、依据、范围及目标;第三章介绍了饮用水水源保护区的划分与核定;第四章对饮用水源地环境质量状况进行了评价;第五章规划了饮用水源地的环境保护工程;第六章对项目的可达性及投资和效益评估、规划实施的计划和保障进行了分析和总结。
The study explores the general situation of geographic environment and source of drinking water source. On the basis of relevant state policy, the paper makes special environment protection planning for centralized water supply source in Yangling City, puts forward first and second class protection region scope and coverage of three water sources in Yangling region, works out environment protection project plan for drinking water source. Besides, the paper makes feasibility analysis and benefit assessment to ensure the city's pollution-free water supply source and sustainable development of Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Demonstration Zone(see detailed planning in appendix).
Yangling Demonstration Zone is located on the first class development axis of state macro economic planning, belonging to traditional Guanzhong Plain Economical Zone and key node city on Guanzhong Hi-tech Industry belt and Spark Industry belt. Yangling, with agriculture hi-tech development and demonstration as its guide, boasts advanced third industry such as agriculture hi-tech education, tourism, business and commerce, enjoys the reputation as china's agriculture "silicon" with sustainable development, convenient transportation, up-to-date information, ecological and pastoral mode, a perfect combination of city and countryside and modern ecological scenery. Yangling city is also the central regional city in Guanzhong Plain.
In recent years, deterioration of water quality in Weihe River has not been solved fundamentally, which poses obvious threat to earth surface water in Guanzhong region, as a result, earth's surface water and underground water quality in Yangling city has also been affected. In addition, since Yangling Demonstration Zone has maintained fast development momentum, production and domestic waste water discharge amount has increased dramatically, and underground water quality is going from bad to worse, the city's drinking water source and the danger of surrounding environment pollution has multiplied, as a consequence, the safety of residents drinking water has been challenged. The plan, based on " Eleventh Five " national economical overall planning of Yangling Demonstration Zone, with reference to relevant environment protection criteria and technical guide, designs scientifically and rationally drinking water source environment protection plan of the city, which will have far reaching effect on ensuring continued development of water source in Yangling region and its sustainable economical development, and will provide scientific basis for Yangling government's macro decision and water source safety management.
The paper includes six chapters. Chapter one gives a brief introduction of Yangling city's drinking water source; chapter two illustrates the principle, basis, scope and objective of the plan; chapter three introduces the classification and approval of drinking water source protection zone; chapter four evaluates environment quality of drinking water source; chapter five proposes environment protection plan of drinking water source; chapter six makes an assessment of project feasibility, investment and benefit, analyses and summarizes project plan and guarantee of project implementation.
引文
[1]王丽红,王开章,刘锋范,孔凡亮.饮用水水源地安全的内涵、现状及对策[J].山东农业科学,2007,5:94.97
[2]马金珠,魏红.民勤地下水资源开发引起的生态与环境问题[J]干旱区研究,2003,20(4):261。265
[3]朱一中,夏军,谈戈.西北地区水资源承载力分析预测与评价[J]资源科学,2003,25(4):43-48.
[4]陶希东.西北干旱区水资源利用与生态环境重建研究[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(1):18-22.
[5]刘成果.我国农村水污染成因及防治对策[J].环境保护,2007,381(19):36-38
[6]王晖,邵青.我国水污染的防治及其相关问题的思考[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2005,28(1):84.87
[7]胡必彬.我国十大流域片水污染现状及主要特征[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(6):15.19
[8]姜建军.中国地下水污染现状与防治对策[J].环境保护,2007,38l(19):16.17
[9]Lim H.S.,Lee J.S,Chon H.T.,et aL Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2008,96:223-230
[10]Mishra V.K.,Upadhyaya A.R.,Pandey S.K.,et al.Heavy metal pollution induced due to coal mining effluent on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and its management through naturally occurring aquatic macrophytes[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:930-936
[11]徐顺清.饮水安全关乎民生健康[J].环境保护,2007,378(14):60-62
[12]Afzal B.M.Drinking water and women's health[J].Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health,2006,51(1):12-18
[13]Hrudey S.,hrudey E.J.,Pollard S.J.T.Risk management for assuring safe drinking water[J].Environment International,2006,32:948-957
[14]彭亚拉,张睿梅.我国水污染加剧及水生态破坏致食品安全堪忧[J].环境保护,2007,380(18):53-56
[15]Ashbolt N.J.Risk analysis of drinking water microbial contamination versus disinfection by-products (DBPs)[J].Toxicology,2004,198(2):255-262
[16]张锐.中国水污染的沉重报告[J].上海企业,2007,7:10.13
[17]刘炳辰.以科学发展观指导污染减排工作[J].环境保护,2007,380(18):41-43
[18一]刘雪梅.杨凌农业高新技术产业的示范及推广[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1999,20(7):33-34
[19]王博文,孙养学,李桦.杨凌示范区农业科技企业成长和发展战略研究[J].乡镇经济,2006,2:45_47
[20]张光强,刘玉辉.杨凌:朝着农业现代化目标腾飞[J].求是,2005,6:48-50
[21]张文洲,何武全,王玉宝,李敏.杨凌水资源开发利用现状及对策[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,(01).
[22]陈亮辉,雷家骗.国家级农业高新区科技创新运行机制:基于杨凌示范区的考察[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,9:56-59
[23]刘英,岳冬冬.杨凌示范区产业结构分析及调整建议[J].特区经济,2007,3:231.232
[24]李晓辉,杜艳霞,李广.关中地区黄土的动力性质[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):148-152
[25]张孝中.黄土高原土壤颗粒组成及质地分区研究[J].中国水土保持,2002,3:11.14
[26]杜娟,赵景波.陕西关中全新世以来黄土塬区土壤侵蚀研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):535-539
[27]郝红科,贺军奇.杨凌区水资源现状分析及发展对策[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):53-54
[28]张茂省,朱立峰,王晓勇.关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):15-22
[29]吕建灵,王礼力,葛超.杨凌农业高新产业示范区雨水资源化探索[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):289-291
[30]郭占荣,刘花台,朱延华.论西北地区地下水的开发利用与保护[J].水利学报,2001,6:37-40
[31]乔平林.西北地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2001,11(51):17-18
[32]姜桂华,王文科,杨泽元.关中盆地潜水含水层脆弱性评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(10):111-115
[33]张礼中,周小元,张永波等.西北地下水资源数据库及其网上发布[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):307-310
[34]刘俊民,孙勇.关中地区水资源特性分析及可持续利用对策[J].人民黄河,2006,28(1):39-41
[35]胡汝骥,樊自立,王亚俊等.中国西北干旱区的地下水资源及其特征[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):321-326
[36]王毅荣,王锡稳.中国黄土高原地区4-10月雨量时空变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(4):737-743
[37]任杨俊,王答相,赵俊侠.西北地区水资源与生态环境建设[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):58-61
[38]姜桂华.关中盆地水污染现状与防治对策[J].地下水,2002,24(2):94-97
[39]吴钢,李静,赵景柱.我国西北地区主要生态环境问题及其解决对策[J].中国软科学,2000,10:12-17
[40]张胜利,李靖.中国西北地区农业水土环境问题及对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):78-81
[2]马金珠,魏红.民勤地下水资源开发引起的生态与环境问题[J]干旱区研究,2003,20(4):261。265
[3]朱一中,夏军,谈戈.西北地区水资源承载力分析预测与评价[J]资源科学,2003,25(4):43-48.
[4]陶希东.西北干旱区水资源利用与生态环境重建研究[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(1):18-22.
[5]刘成果.我国农村水污染成因及防治对策[J].环境保护,2007,381(19):36-38
[6]王晖,邵青.我国水污染的防治及其相关问题的思考[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2005,28(1):84.87
[7]胡必彬.我国十大流域片水污染现状及主要特征[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(6):15.19
[8]姜建军.中国地下水污染现状与防治对策[J].环境保护,2007,38l(19):16.17
[9]Lim H.S.,Lee J.S,Chon H.T.,et aL Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2008,96:223-230
[10]Mishra V.K.,Upadhyaya A.R.,Pandey S.K.,et al.Heavy metal pollution induced due to coal mining effluent on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and its management through naturally occurring aquatic macrophytes[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:930-936
[11]徐顺清.饮水安全关乎民生健康[J].环境保护,2007,378(14):60-62
[12]Afzal B.M.Drinking water and women's health[J].Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health,2006,51(1):12-18
[13]Hrudey S.,hrudey E.J.,Pollard S.J.T.Risk management for assuring safe drinking water[J].Environment International,2006,32:948-957
[14]彭亚拉,张睿梅.我国水污染加剧及水生态破坏致食品安全堪忧[J].环境保护,2007,380(18):53-56
[15]Ashbolt N.J.Risk analysis of drinking water microbial contamination versus disinfection by-products (DBPs)[J].Toxicology,2004,198(2):255-262
[16]张锐.中国水污染的沉重报告[J].上海企业,2007,7:10.13
[17]刘炳辰.以科学发展观指导污染减排工作[J].环境保护,2007,380(18):41-43
[18一]刘雪梅.杨凌农业高新技术产业的示范及推广[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1999,20(7):33-34
[19]王博文,孙养学,李桦.杨凌示范区农业科技企业成长和发展战略研究[J].乡镇经济,2006,2:45_47
[20]张光强,刘玉辉.杨凌:朝着农业现代化目标腾飞[J].求是,2005,6:48-50
[21]张文洲,何武全,王玉宝,李敏.杨凌水资源开发利用现状及对策[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,(01).
[22]陈亮辉,雷家骗.国家级农业高新区科技创新运行机制:基于杨凌示范区的考察[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,9:56-59
[23]刘英,岳冬冬.杨凌示范区产业结构分析及调整建议[J].特区经济,2007,3:231.232
[24]李晓辉,杜艳霞,李广.关中地区黄土的动力性质[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):148-152
[25]张孝中.黄土高原土壤颗粒组成及质地分区研究[J].中国水土保持,2002,3:11.14
[26]杜娟,赵景波.陕西关中全新世以来黄土塬区土壤侵蚀研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):535-539
[27]郝红科,贺军奇.杨凌区水资源现状分析及发展对策[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):53-54
[28]张茂省,朱立峰,王晓勇.关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):15-22
[29]吕建灵,王礼力,葛超.杨凌农业高新产业示范区雨水资源化探索[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):289-291
[30]郭占荣,刘花台,朱延华.论西北地区地下水的开发利用与保护[J].水利学报,2001,6:37-40
[31]乔平林.西北地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2001,11(51):17-18
[32]姜桂华,王文科,杨泽元.关中盆地潜水含水层脆弱性评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(10):111-115
[33]张礼中,周小元,张永波等.西北地下水资源数据库及其网上发布[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):307-310
[34]刘俊民,孙勇.关中地区水资源特性分析及可持续利用对策[J].人民黄河,2006,28(1):39-41
[35]胡汝骥,樊自立,王亚俊等.中国西北干旱区的地下水资源及其特征[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):321-326
[36]王毅荣,王锡稳.中国黄土高原地区4-10月雨量时空变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(4):737-743
[37]任杨俊,王答相,赵俊侠.西北地区水资源与生态环境建设[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):58-61
[38]姜桂华.关中盆地水污染现状与防治对策[J].地下水,2002,24(2):94-97
[39]吴钢,李静,赵景柱.我国西北地区主要生态环境问题及其解决对策[J].中国软科学,2000,10:12-17
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