吉隆盆地地质环境质量研究
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摘要
地质环境是自然环境系统中影响人类生存与发展最重要的组成部分;地质环境质量是特定地质空间适应社会-经济活动发展的程度。随着国民经济的发展和西部大开发战略的实施,西藏自治区基础设施建设正在以较快的速度发展,大规模工程建设过程中对西藏地区脆弱的生态环境和地质环境提出了极大的挑战。如何评价区域地质环境质量并为规划建设服务,本文试图在该领域作有益的探索。
本文以吉隆口岸所在的吉隆盆地为研究对象,在野外调查和对已有资料分析的基础上,阐述了研究区气象、水文、地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、冰川及人类活动等自然地理和地质环境条件;并在对地形地貌和地层岩性分析的基础上,结合青藏高原的地质背景,利用“将今论古”的地质分析方法,对吉隆盆地的地质演化过程进行了分析阐述;同时,分析阐述了吉隆盆地的环境地质特征。
在以上分析的基础上,建立了以地质环境质量为目标层,以地质环境背景条件和环境地质问题为结构层,以地形地貌等7个因素为方案层的地质环境评价指标体系,运用基于层次分析的模糊综合评判法对吉隆盆地进行了地质环境质量分区,分区结果和实际调查结果基本一致。根据这种分区成果,结合吉隆口岸的规划设想,对规划建设用地的布局合理性和建筑适宜性进行了分析评价。地质环境质量评价的指标体系和评价方法对区域地质环境评价及建设规划具有借鉴意义。
Geological environment is the most important part in the natural environment system which influence on living and development of human being;The quality of geological environment is the degree of adaption to development of the society-economy activity in the specific geology space. With the development of the national economy and implementation of the Western Development strategy, Tibet Autonomous Region’s infrastructure construction is developing rapidly. In the course of Large-scale project construction, not only the weak ecological environment but also the fragile geology environment in Tibetan areas all suffered great challenge. This paper seeks to make a beneficial exploration in this field on how to evaluate the quality of regional geological environmental to serve the planning of construction.
This paper takes Gilong basin which Gilong port locates in as the research object, and elaborate the physical geography as well as geological environmental conditions of the study area, i.e. meteorology, hydrology, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, stratum lithology, glaciers and human activities on the basis of field investigation and the analysis of existing data. The paper , based on the analysis of topography geomorphology and stratum lithology, combined with the geological background of Tibetan Plateau and capitalizing on geological analytical methods of present being a key to past, expounds and analyzes geological history .The paper also elaborates the environment geology condition and problems of Geelong basin.
Based on the above analysis, this paper established assessment index system of geological environment, for the quality of geological environment as target layer , for the background conditions of geological environment and the problems of environmental geological as structural layer, for the seven factors which including landforms as program layer. The method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process are applied to the quality of geological environment division of Gilong basin. The results of division corresponded to the actual survey basically. According to this kind of division result,and combined with the planning assumptions of Gilong port, the rationality of the plan of the building site layout as well as construction suitability are analyzed and evaluated. The appraisal method and research results have the significance of reference for the later similar planning and construction.
本文以吉隆口岸所在的吉隆盆地为研究对象,在野外调查和对已有资料分析的基础上,阐述了研究区气象、水文、地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、冰川及人类活动等自然地理和地质环境条件;并在对地形地貌和地层岩性分析的基础上,结合青藏高原的地质背景,利用“将今论古”的地质分析方法,对吉隆盆地的地质演化过程进行了分析阐述;同时,分析阐述了吉隆盆地的环境地质特征。
在以上分析的基础上,建立了以地质环境质量为目标层,以地质环境背景条件和环境地质问题为结构层,以地形地貌等7个因素为方案层的地质环境评价指标体系,运用基于层次分析的模糊综合评判法对吉隆盆地进行了地质环境质量分区,分区结果和实际调查结果基本一致。根据这种分区成果,结合吉隆口岸的规划设想,对规划建设用地的布局合理性和建筑适宜性进行了分析评价。地质环境质量评价的指标体系和评价方法对区域地质环境评价及建设规划具有借鉴意义。
Geological environment is the most important part in the natural environment system which influence on living and development of human being;The quality of geological environment is the degree of adaption to development of the society-economy activity in the specific geology space. With the development of the national economy and implementation of the Western Development strategy, Tibet Autonomous Region’s infrastructure construction is developing rapidly. In the course of Large-scale project construction, not only the weak ecological environment but also the fragile geology environment in Tibetan areas all suffered great challenge. This paper seeks to make a beneficial exploration in this field on how to evaluate the quality of regional geological environmental to serve the planning of construction.
This paper takes Gilong basin which Gilong port locates in as the research object, and elaborate the physical geography as well as geological environmental conditions of the study area, i.e. meteorology, hydrology, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, stratum lithology, glaciers and human activities on the basis of field investigation and the analysis of existing data. The paper , based on the analysis of topography geomorphology and stratum lithology, combined with the geological background of Tibetan Plateau and capitalizing on geological analytical methods of present being a key to past, expounds and analyzes geological history .The paper also elaborates the environment geology condition and problems of Geelong basin.
Based on the above analysis, this paper established assessment index system of geological environment, for the quality of geological environment as target layer , for the background conditions of geological environment and the problems of environmental geological as structural layer, for the seven factors which including landforms as program layer. The method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process are applied to the quality of geological environment division of Gilong basin. The results of division corresponded to the actual survey basically. According to this kind of division result,and combined with the planning assumptions of Gilong port, the rationality of the plan of the building site layout as well as construction suitability are analyzed and evaluated. The appraisal method and research results have the significance of reference for the later similar planning and construction.
引文
[1]胡艳欣,任茂昆.地质环境质量的模糊评价[J].西部探矿工程,2003.10,(10).
[2]陈梦熊.关于海平面上升及其环境效应[J].地学前缘,1996,3.
[3]闫满存,李华梅,文启忠等.区域地质环境质量评价研究的现状与趋势[J].地质科学进展,1999.8,14(4).
[4]蔡鹤生,唐朝珲,周爱国.地质环境容量评价指标初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 1998, 25 (3) : 23~ 25.
[5]周平根.环境地质工程[J].地质论评,1996, 44 (3):281~ 287.
[6]刘传正.区域地壳稳定性评价与核电站选址核废料处置的工程地质及环境地质问题[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997, (2):32~ 38.
[7]李兴唐.区域地壳稳定性研究的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社, 1987.
[8] Laird R T,Cornell C A.Quantitative Land-Capability Analysis Professional Paper of USGS [R]. USGS, 1979,945.
[9] Laird R T, Cornell C A. Quantitative Land-Capability Analysis Professional Paper of USGS [R]. U SGS,1979,945.
[10]殷跃平,李媛.区域地质灾害趋势预测理论与方法[J].工程地质学报,1996, 4 (4) : 75~ 79.
[11] Gupta R P, Joshi B C . Landslided hazard zoning using the GIS approach—a case study from the Ramganga Catchment,Himalayas[J]. Engineering Geology,1990,28 (2) : 125~ 135.
[12] Hewitt K,Burton I.The hazardonsness of a plan :A regionalecology of damaging events[M]. Toronto : Press of the University of Toronto,1971.
[13] Puget Sound Council of Governments. Regional disasterm itigation plan for the central Puget Sound Region[M]. PugetSound Council Governments, 1975. 106.
[14] Van Westen C J,Alszate Bonilla J B. Mountain Hazard analysis using a PC-based GIS[A]. 6th Internal LAEG Congress,1990.
[15]张业成,胡景江,张舂山.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15 (3) : 55~ 67.
[16]殷跃平,张颍,康宏达等.全国地质灾害趋势预测及预测图编制[J].第四纪研究,1996,(2):123~ 129.
[17]刘希林.泥石流危险度判定的研究[J].灾害学,1988,3(3):10—15.
[18]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[19] Cendrero A,Keller E A,JohnW ,et al. Geoenvironmental units as a basis fo r the assessment, regulation and management of the Earth’s surface[A]. In:Cendrero A,et al eds. Planning the Use of the Earth’s Surface[C]. Berling: SpringerVerlag,1992.
[20]毛同夏,石宏仁,张丽君.区域地质环境质量的定量评价与预测[J].地学前缘,1996,3 (1):141~ 147.
[21]姚保垒,窦明,梁永会.地质环境评价方法应用比较研究——以小秦岭金矿区为例[J].四川环境,2009.10,28(5).
[22]李祚泳,丁晶,彭荔红.环境质量评价原理与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[23]汪培庄.模糊集引论[M ].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1983.
[24]李玲,张振文.阜新县生态地质环境质量模糊综合评价[J].环境科学管理,2008.2,33(2),188.
[25]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册(第四版) [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[26]中国地质调查局.萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅(国内部分)1:25万区域地质调查报告[R].2003,359~383.
[27]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理(第二版) [M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[28]王焰新.地下水污染与防治[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007,1.
[29]林丰年,李昌静,钟佐燊等.环境水文地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[30]梁和成,周爱国,唐朝辉,等.城市建设用地地质环境评价与区划[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2010,10.
[31]周爱国,周建伟,梁合成等.地质环境评价[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008.
[32]吴亚子.山区公路地质灾害危险性评估方法研究——以阿里地区国道219线至札达公路改建工程为例[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[33]李鸿吉.模糊数学基础及实用算法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,82~88.
[34]张骏,杜东菊,苏生瑞等.区域地质灾害环境系统综合评价的基本思想与模型[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994.12,5(4).
[35]阴丽,杨泽平,周文斌等.GIS在地质环境质量评价中的应用[J].水利科技与经济,2010.1,16(1).
[36]魏玉梅,孙建平,佟元清等.沧州市地质环境质量评价[J].勘察科学技术,2008(1).
[37]郑长远,张启兴,贾君等.层次分析法在长江源区生态地质环境质量[J].西北地质,2010.9,43(1).
[38]张永平,王启胜,王荣鲁等.城市工程地质环境质量的AHP-FUZZY评价方法及应用[J].青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(1).
[39]刘建东,杨泉宁,薛怀友等.地质环境质量评价的态势分析法[J].江苏地质,2006,30(1).
[40]郭浩成,高广艳,唐付苓.地质环境质量综合评价及应用研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008.12,4(6).
[41]蔡鹤生,唐朝晖,周爱国.地质环境质量综合评价中的敏感因子模型[J]地质科技情报,1998.6,17(2).
[42]潘晖.多级模糊模式识别模型在地质环境评价中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2007.
[43]李亚兰,陈志新,王佳运.多级模糊模式识别模型在地质环境质量评价中的应用[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004.12,26(4).
[44]李昭,花向红.多级模糊综合评判算法的实现及应用[J].地理空间信息,2008.12,6(6).
[45]田婧,韩秀丽.工程地质环境评价方法[J].河北理工学院学报,2007.2,29(1).
[46]杨林.公路工程地质环境的模糊综合评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2006.3,34(2).
[47]杨秀珍.关于综合评估的数学模型[J].宁夏大学学报,1998.6,19(2).
[48]许向宁,王文俊,黄润秋.基于GIS的安宁河流域生态环境地质质量评价[J].成都理工大学学报,2004.6,31(3).
[2]陈梦熊.关于海平面上升及其环境效应[J].地学前缘,1996,3.
[3]闫满存,李华梅,文启忠等.区域地质环境质量评价研究的现状与趋势[J].地质科学进展,1999.8,14(4).
[4]蔡鹤生,唐朝珲,周爱国.地质环境容量评价指标初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 1998, 25 (3) : 23~ 25.
[5]周平根.环境地质工程[J].地质论评,1996, 44 (3):281~ 287.
[6]刘传正.区域地壳稳定性评价与核电站选址核废料处置的工程地质及环境地质问题[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997, (2):32~ 38.
[7]李兴唐.区域地壳稳定性研究的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社, 1987.
[8] Laird R T,Cornell C A.Quantitative Land-Capability Analysis Professional Paper of USGS [R]. USGS, 1979,945.
[9] Laird R T, Cornell C A. Quantitative Land-Capability Analysis Professional Paper of USGS [R]. U SGS,1979,945.
[10]殷跃平,李媛.区域地质灾害趋势预测理论与方法[J].工程地质学报,1996, 4 (4) : 75~ 79.
[11] Gupta R P, Joshi B C . Landslided hazard zoning using the GIS approach—a case study from the Ramganga Catchment,Himalayas[J]. Engineering Geology,1990,28 (2) : 125~ 135.
[12] Hewitt K,Burton I.The hazardonsness of a plan :A regionalecology of damaging events[M]. Toronto : Press of the University of Toronto,1971.
[13] Puget Sound Council of Governments. Regional disasterm itigation plan for the central Puget Sound Region[M]. PugetSound Council Governments, 1975. 106.
[14] Van Westen C J,Alszate Bonilla J B. Mountain Hazard analysis using a PC-based GIS[A]. 6th Internal LAEG Congress,1990.
[15]张业成,胡景江,张舂山.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15 (3) : 55~ 67.
[16]殷跃平,张颍,康宏达等.全国地质灾害趋势预测及预测图编制[J].第四纪研究,1996,(2):123~ 129.
[17]刘希林.泥石流危险度判定的研究[J].灾害学,1988,3(3):10—15.
[18]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[19] Cendrero A,Keller E A,JohnW ,et al. Geoenvironmental units as a basis fo r the assessment, regulation and management of the Earth’s surface[A]. In:Cendrero A,et al eds. Planning the Use of the Earth’s Surface[C]. Berling: SpringerVerlag,1992.
[20]毛同夏,石宏仁,张丽君.区域地质环境质量的定量评价与预测[J].地学前缘,1996,3 (1):141~ 147.
[21]姚保垒,窦明,梁永会.地质环境评价方法应用比较研究——以小秦岭金矿区为例[J].四川环境,2009.10,28(5).
[22]李祚泳,丁晶,彭荔红.环境质量评价原理与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[23]汪培庄.模糊集引论[M ].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1983.
[24]李玲,张振文.阜新县生态地质环境质量模糊综合评价[J].环境科学管理,2008.2,33(2),188.
[25]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册(第四版) [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[26]中国地质调查局.萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅(国内部分)1:25万区域地质调查报告[R].2003,359~383.
[27]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理(第二版) [M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[28]王焰新.地下水污染与防治[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007,1.
[29]林丰年,李昌静,钟佐燊等.环境水文地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[30]梁和成,周爱国,唐朝辉,等.城市建设用地地质环境评价与区划[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2010,10.
[31]周爱国,周建伟,梁合成等.地质环境评价[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008.
[32]吴亚子.山区公路地质灾害危险性评估方法研究——以阿里地区国道219线至札达公路改建工程为例[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[33]李鸿吉.模糊数学基础及实用算法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,82~88.
[34]张骏,杜东菊,苏生瑞等.区域地质灾害环境系统综合评价的基本思想与模型[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994.12,5(4).
[35]阴丽,杨泽平,周文斌等.GIS在地质环境质量评价中的应用[J].水利科技与经济,2010.1,16(1).
[36]魏玉梅,孙建平,佟元清等.沧州市地质环境质量评价[J].勘察科学技术,2008(1).
[37]郑长远,张启兴,贾君等.层次分析法在长江源区生态地质环境质量[J].西北地质,2010.9,43(1).
[38]张永平,王启胜,王荣鲁等.城市工程地质环境质量的AHP-FUZZY评价方法及应用[J].青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(1).
[39]刘建东,杨泉宁,薛怀友等.地质环境质量评价的态势分析法[J].江苏地质,2006,30(1).
[40]郭浩成,高广艳,唐付苓.地质环境质量综合评价及应用研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008.12,4(6).
[41]蔡鹤生,唐朝晖,周爱国.地质环境质量综合评价中的敏感因子模型[J]地质科技情报,1998.6,17(2).
[42]潘晖.多级模糊模式识别模型在地质环境评价中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2007.
[43]李亚兰,陈志新,王佳运.多级模糊模式识别模型在地质环境质量评价中的应用[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004.12,26(4).
[44]李昭,花向红.多级模糊综合评判算法的实现及应用[J].地理空间信息,2008.12,6(6).
[45]田婧,韩秀丽.工程地质环境评价方法[J].河北理工学院学报,2007.2,29(1).
[46]杨林.公路工程地质环境的模糊综合评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2006.3,34(2).
[47]杨秀珍.关于综合评估的数学模型[J].宁夏大学学报,1998.6,19(2).
[48]许向宁,王文俊,黄润秋.基于GIS的安宁河流域生态环境地质质量评价[J].成都理工大学学报,2004.6,31(3).