内蒙古羊草草原碳通量观测及其驱动机制分析
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摘要
植被与大气间CO_2通量的长期观测能够使人们加深对陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中科学地位的理解。在生态系统水平上,涡度相关技术是评价植被/大气间净生态系统CO_2交换量的主要手段。本研究以内蒙古羊草草原通量站为试验平台,以涡度相关技术为主要技术手段,以内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站羊草草原围封样地2003～2005年开路涡度相关系统观测的CO_2通量数据为基础,深入探讨了内蒙古羊草草原生态系统CO_2通量不同时间尺度上的变化特征及其驱动机制。
在建立生态系统尺度CO_2通量观测基本方法论的前提下,集中探讨了不同时间尺度内蒙古羊草草原生态系统净生态系统碳交换、呼吸作用以及碳吸收的季节变异特征及其控制机制,初步建立了内蒙古羊草草原净生态系统CO2交换量估算的基本方法,可为生态系统过程模拟与模型预测提供科学依据和技术支撑。主要结果包括以下几个方面:
1.功率谱和协谱分析表明,开路涡度相关系统对高频湍流信号的响应能力可以满足内蒙古草原生态系统实际观测要求。与闭路涡度相关系统和常规气象系统对比分析表明,开路涡度相关系统在CO_2通量长期观测中仪器性能稳定,可以满足CO_2通量长期观测的客观需要。坐标旋转校正是复杂地形条件下CO_2通量测定理想的倾斜校正途径。能量平衡闭合的测试仅可以作为数据质量评价的参考标准之一,而不能作为CO_2通量数据质量评价的绝对标准并用于数据校正。
2.按照CO_2通量吸收的高峰特征划分,正常降水年,内蒙古羊草草原CO_2通量同时具有一个吸收高峰和两个吸收高峰的特征。而极端干旱年蒙古羊草草原的CO2通量具有两个吸收高峰的特征。在严重干旱胁迫条件下,2005年内蒙古羊草草原生态系统净生态系统交换出现显著下降的趋势。净生态系统交换下降主要是降雨量减少的影响。
3.通过分析不同时间尺度上CO_2通量和环境因子的关系,发现小时尺度上,内蒙古羊草草原生态系统的净生态系统交换主要由光合有效辐射控制,而饱和水汽压差和土壤含水量是影响生态系统光合作用的另外两个关键因素。在更大的时间尺度上降雨量和物候相的变化是调节生态系统碳通量大小的
Long-term measurements of the exchange of CO_2 between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere have the potential to markedly improve understanding the role terrestrial ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle. Eddy covariance is a micrometeorological technique that allows a non-invasive measurement of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and vegetation. This study was on the basis of Inner Mongolia Flux Station, and used eddy covariance technique to measure the exchange of CO_2 flux in a fenced field during 2003~2005’s growing seasons. We anatomized the characteristics of CO_2 flux and the driving mechanism at different temporal scale.
In order to compare the results of flux data of different flux measurements, the quality of the flux data must be assessed and controlled. We analyzed the turbulence flux measurements using the open-path eddy covariance technique and the extent of energy closure of the data. We have taken advantage of an unusual drought during the summer of 2005 and the variation in precipitation pattern during three growing seasons to investigate the effects of soil water content and precipitation on the net ecosystem exchange and respiration (as measured by eddy covariance and chamber method ) in Lymus chinensis grassland. At the same time, quantitative estimation of the carbon sequestration potential of this typical grassland ecosystem level has been approached by the means of the eddy covariance technique on a three-year basis. The main results are as follows:
在建立生态系统尺度CO_2通量观测基本方法论的前提下,集中探讨了不同时间尺度内蒙古羊草草原生态系统净生态系统碳交换、呼吸作用以及碳吸收的季节变异特征及其控制机制,初步建立了内蒙古羊草草原净生态系统CO2交换量估算的基本方法,可为生态系统过程模拟与模型预测提供科学依据和技术支撑。主要结果包括以下几个方面:
1.功率谱和协谱分析表明,开路涡度相关系统对高频湍流信号的响应能力可以满足内蒙古草原生态系统实际观测要求。与闭路涡度相关系统和常规气象系统对比分析表明,开路涡度相关系统在CO_2通量长期观测中仪器性能稳定,可以满足CO_2通量长期观测的客观需要。坐标旋转校正是复杂地形条件下CO_2通量测定理想的倾斜校正途径。能量平衡闭合的测试仅可以作为数据质量评价的参考标准之一,而不能作为CO_2通量数据质量评价的绝对标准并用于数据校正。
2.按照CO_2通量吸收的高峰特征划分,正常降水年,内蒙古羊草草原CO_2通量同时具有一个吸收高峰和两个吸收高峰的特征。而极端干旱年蒙古羊草草原的CO2通量具有两个吸收高峰的特征。在严重干旱胁迫条件下,2005年内蒙古羊草草原生态系统净生态系统交换出现显著下降的趋势。净生态系统交换下降主要是降雨量减少的影响。
3.通过分析不同时间尺度上CO_2通量和环境因子的关系,发现小时尺度上,内蒙古羊草草原生态系统的净生态系统交换主要由光合有效辐射控制,而饱和水汽压差和土壤含水量是影响生态系统光合作用的另外两个关键因素。在更大的时间尺度上降雨量和物候相的变化是调节生态系统碳通量大小的
Long-term measurements of the exchange of CO_2 between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere have the potential to markedly improve understanding the role terrestrial ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle. Eddy covariance is a micrometeorological technique that allows a non-invasive measurement of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and vegetation. This study was on the basis of Inner Mongolia Flux Station, and used eddy covariance technique to measure the exchange of CO_2 flux in a fenced field during 2003~2005’s growing seasons. We anatomized the characteristics of CO_2 flux and the driving mechanism at different temporal scale.
In order to compare the results of flux data of different flux measurements, the quality of the flux data must be assessed and controlled. We analyzed the turbulence flux measurements using the open-path eddy covariance technique and the extent of energy closure of the data. We have taken advantage of an unusual drought during the summer of 2005 and the variation in precipitation pattern during three growing seasons to investigate the effects of soil water content and precipitation on the net ecosystem exchange and respiration (as measured by eddy covariance and chamber method ) in Lymus chinensis grassland. At the same time, quantitative estimation of the carbon sequestration potential of this typical grassland ecosystem level has been approached by the means of the eddy covariance technique on a three-year basis. The main results are as follows:
引文
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