白睿文《活着》英译本的生态翻译学研究
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摘要
《活着》是一本在中国十分畅销的小说,自1993年出版以来,销量一直很高。该小说被翻译成多国语言,在国外也颇受欢迎。其英文版由美籍学者白睿文所译,该译本在美国发行后占据了图书排行榜榜单很长时间。目前学界对于该小说原文的研究已经比较充分,但是却很少有人研究白睿文的翻译以及他所译的英文版《活着》,因此笔者选择白睿文所译的英文版《活着》作为研究对象,采用胡庚申的生态翻译学理论为基础对其进行研究。生态翻译学是最近刚刚兴起的一门学科,将生态和翻译融合在一起,以揭示翻译的实质。该理论认为译者是中心,将翻译理解成适应和选择,认为翻译就是一个译者不断选择和适应的过程。
以胡庚申的生态翻译学理论为基础,笔者首先从原文、译者和译文这几个角度分析了白睿文翻译《活着》时所处的翻译生态环境。继而从语言、文化和交际三个维度分析白睿文的译作是否最大程度适应了翻译的生态环境,使翻译的整合适应选择度达到了最佳。译者白睿文本着尊重和推崇中国文化的初衷来翻译这本小说,保留了大多数的语言形式和语言风格,重现了小说的内容和生动画面。由于中美两国语言、文化差异较大,且原文《活着》本身的历史背景比较特殊,翻译这部作品的难度比较大。虽然白睿文尊重中国文化,慎重对待翻译工作,但在译品中还是出现了一些翻译错误,对此笔者进行了指正。
本文旨在通过对译文的分析,证实翻译的生态环境对译者的翻译行为的影响,证实生态翻译学的适用性,并引起译界对白睿文这名为中国当代文学的传播作出重要贡献的年轻译者的关注。
Huozhe is one of the best-sellers in China. Since it was published in1993, the circulation has stayed high. The novel has been translated into many languages. In foreign countries, it is also very popular. The English version of Huozhe was translated by American Michael Berry. When the novel reached American, it hit the best-seller list and stayed there for months. The studies on the original text Huozhe is sufficient. However, few studies have been conducted on Berry and his translation of Huozhe. In view of this, the author of this thesis decides to choose Berry's translation as research object, with eco-translatology as its theoretical basis. Eco-translatology, which has been just emerging during the past few years, integrates translation and ecology together to analyze the translation process. The theory takes "translator-centeredness" as its core concept, and regards the translation process as adaptation and selection. According to Hu's theory, translation is a selection activity of the translator's adaptation to fit the translational eco-environment.
On the basis of Hu's Eco-translatology, the thesis firstly explains the translational eco-environment of Berry's translation. Then, it analyzes Berry's adaptation and selection from three dimensions, including linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions to see whether the translation adapts to the translational eco-environment and whether the degree of holistic adaptation and selection is high. The translator Michael Berry respects Chinese culture and keeps the most linguistic forms and language style in his translation, vividly representing the plot of original text in front of target readers. However, because of the great difference between Chinese and American culture and the specialty of original text's historical background, it is of great difficulty to translate Huozhe. Although Michael Berry took the work seriously and respected the original text, translational inappropriateness still exists, which are pointed out and analyzed by the author in Chapter6.
The thesis aims to analyze the influence of translational eco-environment on the translation process, to prove the applicability of eco-translatology, and to make the researchers pay more attention to the young translator Michael Berry who has contributed a lot to the spreading of contemporary Chinese literature to the western readers.
以胡庚申的生态翻译学理论为基础,笔者首先从原文、译者和译文这几个角度分析了白睿文翻译《活着》时所处的翻译生态环境。继而从语言、文化和交际三个维度分析白睿文的译作是否最大程度适应了翻译的生态环境,使翻译的整合适应选择度达到了最佳。译者白睿文本着尊重和推崇中国文化的初衷来翻译这本小说,保留了大多数的语言形式和语言风格,重现了小说的内容和生动画面。由于中美两国语言、文化差异较大,且原文《活着》本身的历史背景比较特殊,翻译这部作品的难度比较大。虽然白睿文尊重中国文化,慎重对待翻译工作,但在译品中还是出现了一些翻译错误,对此笔者进行了指正。
本文旨在通过对译文的分析,证实翻译的生态环境对译者的翻译行为的影响,证实生态翻译学的适用性,并引起译界对白睿文这名为中国当代文学的传播作出重要贡献的年轻译者的关注。
Huozhe is one of the best-sellers in China. Since it was published in1993, the circulation has stayed high. The novel has been translated into many languages. In foreign countries, it is also very popular. The English version of Huozhe was translated by American Michael Berry. When the novel reached American, it hit the best-seller list and stayed there for months. The studies on the original text Huozhe is sufficient. However, few studies have been conducted on Berry and his translation of Huozhe. In view of this, the author of this thesis decides to choose Berry's translation as research object, with eco-translatology as its theoretical basis. Eco-translatology, which has been just emerging during the past few years, integrates translation and ecology together to analyze the translation process. The theory takes "translator-centeredness" as its core concept, and regards the translation process as adaptation and selection. According to Hu's theory, translation is a selection activity of the translator's adaptation to fit the translational eco-environment.
On the basis of Hu's Eco-translatology, the thesis firstly explains the translational eco-environment of Berry's translation. Then, it analyzes Berry's adaptation and selection from three dimensions, including linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions to see whether the translation adapts to the translational eco-environment and whether the degree of holistic adaptation and selection is high. The translator Michael Berry respects Chinese culture and keeps the most linguistic forms and language style in his translation, vividly representing the plot of original text in front of target readers. However, because of the great difference between Chinese and American culture and the specialty of original text's historical background, it is of great difficulty to translate Huozhe. Although Michael Berry took the work seriously and respected the original text, translational inappropriateness still exists, which are pointed out and analyzed by the author in Chapter6.
The thesis aims to analyze the influence of translational eco-environment on the translation process, to prove the applicability of eco-translatology, and to make the researchers pay more attention to the young translator Michael Berry who has contributed a lot to the spreading of contemporary Chinese literature to the western readers.
引文
Berry, Michael. To live[Z]. New York:Anchor books,2003.
Hatim, Basil & I. Mason. Discourse and the Translator[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
Lefevere, Andre. Chinese and Western thinking on translation[A]. In李养龙(编).西方翻译理论文献阅读[C].西安：世界图文出版社,2007.57-69.
Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies—Theories and Applications[M]. London and New York: Routledge,2001.
Winship, James. Essay book reviews—To Live:A Novel[J]. Education about Asia.2003, (3):55-56.
昌切.先锋小说一解[J].文学评论.1994,(2)：84-89.
高圣华.超然冷静下的“温情”与“忍耐”——论余华小说《活着》的生命启示[J].今日南国.2010,(148)：143-144.
哈格斯,思创.生态翻译学R&D报告：十年研究十大进展[J].上海翻译.2011,(4)：1-6.
贺靖婷.“生命不该承载之重”——《活着》悲剧性新探[D].中南大学,2010.
胡庚申.从“译者主体”到“译者中心”[J].中国翻译.2004a，(3)：10-16.
胡庚申.翻译适应选择论[M].武汉：湖北教育出版社,2004b.
胡庚申.从译文看译论——翻译适应选择论应用例析[J].外语教学.2006,(4)：50-54.
胡庚申.从术语看译论——翻译适应选择论概观[J].上海翻译.2008a,(2)：1-5.
胡庚申.生态翻译学解读[J].中国翻译.2008b,(6)：11-15.
胡庚申.生态翻译学：产生的背景与发展的基础[J].外语研究.2010,(4)：62-67.
胡庚申.生态翻译学的研究焦点与理论视角[J].译论研究.2011 a,(2)：5-9.
胡庚申.关于“译者中心”问题的回应[J].上海翻译.2011b,(4)：7-9.
胡庚申.生态翻译学研究悄然而兴[N].中国社会科学报.2011c-11-17(5).
冷育宏.生态翻译理论下译者真的是“中心”吗?——与胡庚申教授商榷[J].上海翻译.2011,(3)：73.
李洪琳.蒙古狠在异域的适应与选择[D].华中师范大学,2009.
李可.中国当代文学翻译的困境分析——以翻译文化战略观为基点[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报.2011,(6)：119-122.
李明.辜鸿铭译《论语》的生态翻译学研究[D].大连外国语学院,2010.
刘京胜.俗语翻译粗谈[J].中国翻译.1996,(5)：21-22.
刘云虹,许钧.一部具有探索精神的译学新著——《翻译适应选择论》评析[J].中国翻译.2004,(6)：40-43.
刘云腾.浅议读者的要求对翻译理论主要因素的影响[J]. US-China Foreign Language.2005, (10):16-20.
刘钟梁.既要适应目标读者又要传播特色——论外宣翻译中中国特色事物的翻译[J].山东电力高等专科学校学报.2011,(2)：78-80.
逯红梅.论《活着》的叙事美学风格[J].理论观察.2007,(4)：147-149.
贾立波.豪斯的翻译质量评估模式及其在汉—英翻译中的应用——以余华小说《活着》为个案[D].苏州大学,2010.
焦良欣.全球化视域下的生态翻译学[J].内蒙古农业大学学报.2011,(4)：376-388.
王宏.生态翻译学核心理念考辨[J].上海翻译.2011,(4)：10-11.
王姗姗.生态翻译学视角下的《孙子兵法》英译研究——以闵福德和林戊荪译本为例[D].河南大学,2011.
吴和林.从翻译适应选择论评析《简·爱》的三个中译本[D].华中师范大学,2011.
吴腾飞.论余华的小说《活着》[J].文学教育.2011,(1)：13-14.
吴文皓.论余华的创作与外国文学的影响[D].四川大学,2007.
王燕.变译论视角下《活着》英译本的翻译策略[J].北方文学.2011,(8)：167-168.
王志敏.意识形态与白睿文《活着》英译本的翻译[D].华中师范大学,2008.
许钧.翻译动机、翻译观念与翻译活动[J].外语研究.2004,(1)：51-55.
余华.活着(第二版)[Z].北京：作家出版社,2010.
叶淑媛.论余华先锋小说的死亡意象——兼及先锋小说的意象化及影响[J].玉林师范学院学报.2010,(4)：81-85.
赵蓓蓓.从功能主义研究中国当代小说英译[D].上海外国语大学.2009.
赵文辉.对生存状态的思考和探寻——余华小说解读[J].湖南广播电视大学学报.2002,(3)：66-69.
赵月.中国当代小说翻译中的异化趋势——以余华小说《活着》的英译本为例[D].中央民族大学,2010.
张宜亮.适应与选择从生态翻译学视角看《狼图腾》的英译[D].山东大学,2011.
http://baike.baidu.com/view/128306.htm
http://aike.baidu.com/view/3408.htm#sub4868495
http://fulltilt.ncu.edu.tw/Content.asp?INo=12&Period=2
http://trip.elong.com/u/948607/b0abgs4c.html
http://www.eastasian.ucsb.edu/content/people berry.html
Hatim, Basil & I. Mason. Discourse and the Translator[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
Lefevere, Andre. Chinese and Western thinking on translation[A]. In李养龙(编).西方翻译理论文献阅读[C].西安：世界图文出版社,2007.57-69.
Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies—Theories and Applications[M]. London and New York: Routledge,2001.
Winship, James. Essay book reviews—To Live:A Novel[J]. Education about Asia.2003, (3):55-56.
昌切.先锋小说一解[J].文学评论.1994,(2)：84-89.
高圣华.超然冷静下的“温情”与“忍耐”——论余华小说《活着》的生命启示[J].今日南国.2010,(148)：143-144.
哈格斯,思创.生态翻译学R&D报告：十年研究十大进展[J].上海翻译.2011,(4)：1-6.
贺靖婷.“生命不该承载之重”——《活着》悲剧性新探[D].中南大学,2010.
胡庚申.从“译者主体”到“译者中心”[J].中国翻译.2004a，(3)：10-16.
胡庚申.翻译适应选择论[M].武汉：湖北教育出版社,2004b.
胡庚申.从译文看译论——翻译适应选择论应用例析[J].外语教学.2006,(4)：50-54.
胡庚申.从术语看译论——翻译适应选择论概观[J].上海翻译.2008a,(2)：1-5.
胡庚申.生态翻译学解读[J].中国翻译.2008b,(6)：11-15.
胡庚申.生态翻译学：产生的背景与发展的基础[J].外语研究.2010,(4)：62-67.
胡庚申.生态翻译学的研究焦点与理论视角[J].译论研究.2011 a,(2)：5-9.
胡庚申.关于“译者中心”问题的回应[J].上海翻译.2011b,(4)：7-9.
胡庚申.生态翻译学研究悄然而兴[N].中国社会科学报.2011c-11-17(5).
冷育宏.生态翻译理论下译者真的是“中心”吗?——与胡庚申教授商榷[J].上海翻译.2011,(3)：73.
李洪琳.蒙古狠在异域的适应与选择[D].华中师范大学,2009.
李可.中国当代文学翻译的困境分析——以翻译文化战略观为基点[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报.2011,(6)：119-122.
李明.辜鸿铭译《论语》的生态翻译学研究[D].大连外国语学院,2010.
刘京胜.俗语翻译粗谈[J].中国翻译.1996,(5)：21-22.
刘云虹,许钧.一部具有探索精神的译学新著——《翻译适应选择论》评析[J].中国翻译.2004,(6)：40-43.
刘云腾.浅议读者的要求对翻译理论主要因素的影响[J]. US-China Foreign Language.2005, (10):16-20.
刘钟梁.既要适应目标读者又要传播特色——论外宣翻译中中国特色事物的翻译[J].山东电力高等专科学校学报.2011,(2)：78-80.
逯红梅.论《活着》的叙事美学风格[J].理论观察.2007,(4)：147-149.
贾立波.豪斯的翻译质量评估模式及其在汉—英翻译中的应用——以余华小说《活着》为个案[D].苏州大学,2010.
焦良欣.全球化视域下的生态翻译学[J].内蒙古农业大学学报.2011,(4)：376-388.
王宏.生态翻译学核心理念考辨[J].上海翻译.2011,(4)：10-11.
王姗姗.生态翻译学视角下的《孙子兵法》英译研究——以闵福德和林戊荪译本为例[D].河南大学,2011.
吴和林.从翻译适应选择论评析《简·爱》的三个中译本[D].华中师范大学,2011.
吴腾飞.论余华的小说《活着》[J].文学教育.2011,(1)：13-14.
吴文皓.论余华的创作与外国文学的影响[D].四川大学,2007.
王燕.变译论视角下《活着》英译本的翻译策略[J].北方文学.2011,(8)：167-168.
王志敏.意识形态与白睿文《活着》英译本的翻译[D].华中师范大学,2008.
许钧.翻译动机、翻译观念与翻译活动[J].外语研究.2004,(1)：51-55.
余华.活着(第二版)[Z].北京：作家出版社,2010.
叶淑媛.论余华先锋小说的死亡意象——兼及先锋小说的意象化及影响[J].玉林师范学院学报.2010,(4)：81-85.
赵蓓蓓.从功能主义研究中国当代小说英译[D].上海外国语大学.2009.
赵文辉.对生存状态的思考和探寻——余华小说解读[J].湖南广播电视大学学报.2002,(3)：66-69.
赵月.中国当代小说翻译中的异化趋势——以余华小说《活着》的英译本为例[D].中央民族大学,2010.
张宜亮.适应与选择从生态翻译学视角看《狼图腾》的英译[D].山东大学,2011.
http://baike.baidu.com/view/128306.htm
http://aike.baidu.com/view/3408.htm#sub4868495
http://fulltilt.ncu.edu.tw/Content.asp?INo=12&Period=2
http://trip.elong.com/u/948607/b0abgs4c.html
http://www.eastasian.ucsb.edu/content/people berry.html