天然次生林群落中刺五加种群生态学的研究
摘要
本文通过调查和试验,对天然次生林群落中的刺五加种群生态学进行了较为细致的研究。研究结果表明:刺五加种群是一个进展种群将随着次生林的进展演替而发展。刺五加种群的高度结构与径级结构的变化都与群落环境以及本身的年龄结构特点有关。应用生命表与生殖力表能很好地反映刺五加种群的动态与生死过程,刺五加种群的存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅲ型。与生命表和生殖力表相对应,刺五加种群的生殖值的动态变化趋势与生命表中所反映的刺五加种群动态趋势相一致,根据K_X及V_X的变化趋势,可将刺五加种群的动态变化过程分为三个阶段,即出生竞争期,相对稳定增长期和逐渐衰老期。本文通过应用Leslie矩阵模型来预测刺五加种群的未来动态做了尝试。对刺五加种群构筑型的调查表明,刺五加的构筑型是其种群在长期进化过程中形成的一种固有生物学特性,但这种特性也多少受种群所处群落环境的影响。刺五加无性系种群的分布格局属于聚集型。本文还对刺五加无性系内分生小株的分布进行了探讨,设计了特殊的调查方法。刺五加种群的种子生态学特殊性与种群所在群落的稳定性有关。本文中刺五加种群生殖力表的编制方法与一般植物种群不同,对类似无性系植物种群的研究具有重要的参考价值。
Through investigation and experiment, the population ecology of Acanthopanax senticosus in natural secondary forest communities has been seriously studied in this thesis. The results show that A.sentieosus population is a developing population, which will develop with the developing succession of the secondary forests. The height structure and diameter structure of A.senticosus population relate with community environments and with its own age structure characteristics. The life table and fecundity schedule can well reflect the dynamic processes of the population. The survivorship cuerve of A. senticosus population belonges to the Deevey-Ⅲ type. Corresponding to life table and fecundity schedule of the population, the dynamic trend of reproductive value (V_X) of A. senticoaus is similar to that reflected in the life table. Based on the changing trends of K_X (killing power) and V_X ,the dynamic process of A sent-icosus population can be divided into three phases, that is the recruitment and competition period, comparatively stabie increasing and gradually aging period. It has been tentatively discussed to predict future dynamic
processesof A. senticosus population with the Leslie Tiatrir model. The architecture characteristics of the population has also "been investigated. The results show the': the architectures of A. senticosus are indigenous copulation characteristics, which have been formed through long term evolutionary processes, "but are more or less affected by community environments. The distribution pattern of A. senticosus clones belonges to the segregated type. And that for ratnets in the clones has 13lso been discussed. A special investigation method has been designed. The seed ecology properties of the population relate with the stabilities of communities the population lodged in 3?he method for making the fecundity schedule of the population is different from that for ordinary plant populations. It has an important reference value for the study of similar clonal plant populations.
Through investigation and experiment, the population ecology of Acanthopanax senticosus in natural secondary forest communities has been seriously studied in this thesis. The results show that A.sentieosus population is a developing population, which will develop with the developing succession of the secondary forests. The height structure and diameter structure of A.senticosus population relate with community environments and with its own age structure characteristics. The life table and fecundity schedule can well reflect the dynamic processes of the population. The survivorship cuerve of A. senticosus population belonges to the Deevey-Ⅲ type. Corresponding to life table and fecundity schedule of the population, the dynamic trend of reproductive value (V_X) of A. senticoaus is similar to that reflected in the life table. Based on the changing trends of K_X (killing power) and V_X ,the dynamic process of A sent-icosus population can be divided into three phases, that is the recruitment and competition period, comparatively stabie increasing and gradually aging period. It has been tentatively discussed to predict future dynamic
processesof A. senticosus population with the Leslie Tiatrir model. The architecture characteristics of the population has also "been investigated. The results show the': the architectures of A. senticosus are indigenous copulation characteristics, which have been formed through long term evolutionary processes, "but are more or less affected by community environments. The distribution pattern of A. senticosus clones belonges to the segregated type. And that for ratnets in the clones has 13lso been discussed. A special investigation method has been designed. The seed ecology properties of the population relate with the stabilities of communities the population lodged in 3?he method for making the fecundity schedule of the population is different from that for ordinary plant populations. It has an important reference value for the study of similar clonal plant populations.
引文
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5、付克治,1987,《中国刺五加》,黑龙江人民出版社。
6、E.C.Pielou,1985,(卢泽愚译),《数学生态学》,种学出版社,1988。
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14、华东师大,北京师大等,1981,《动物生态学》,高等教育出版社。
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28、Miehael Fenner, 1985, 《Seed Ecology》, Chapman and Hall.
29、F. H. Borman and G. E. Likens, 1979, 《pattern and proeess in a Forested Ecosystem》, Springer-verlag.
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37、L. Legendre and P. Legendre, 1983, 《Numerical Ecology》, Elsevier scientific publishing coanpany.
38、J. P. Kimmins, 1987, 《Forest Ecology》, Macmillan publishing company.
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41、陈大珂,石家??等,1984,森林立地分类与森林生产力,东北林业大学学报,No.1。
42、陈大珂,1982,红松阔叶林系统发生评述,东北林学院学报。(增刊)
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2、赵志模,周新远,1984,《生态学引论——害虫综合防治的理论及应用》,科学技术出版社重庆分社.
3、丁岩钦,1980,《昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用》,科学出版社。
4、徐汝梅,1985,《昆虫种群生态学》,北京师范大学出版社。
5、付克治,1987,《中国刺五加》,黑龙江人民出版社。
6、E.C.Pielou,1985,(卢泽愚译),《数学生态学》,种学出版社,1988。
7、曲仲湘等,1984,《植物生态学》(第二版),高等教育出版社。
8、祝廷成等,1988,《植物生态学》,高等教育出版社。
9、江洪,1989,《云杉种群生态学的研究》,东北林业大学博士学位论文(油印本).
10、林鹏,1986,《植物群落学》,上海科学技术出版社。
11、邬祥光,1985,《昆虫生态学的常用数学分析方法》, 农业出版社。
12、杨纯珂,齐翔林,1985,《现代生物统计》,安徽教育出版社。
13、陈华豪等,1988,《林业应用数理统计》,大连海运学院出版社。
14、华东师大,北京师大等,1981,《动物生态学》,高等教育出版社。
15、刘阳明,1989,《刺五加种群繁殖生态学的研究》,东北林业大学硕士学位论文(油印本).
16、中科院林土所,1987,《红松林》,农业出版社。
17、宋朝枢等,1988,《自然保护区工作手册》,中国林业出版社。
18、C.W Cox,1978,《普通生态学实验手册》,(蒋有绪译),科学出版社。
19、R.H.Whittaker,1985,《植物群落的分类》,(周纪伦译),科学出版社。
20、S.B.查普曼,1978,《植物生态学的方法》,(阳含熙译)科学出版社。
21、王义弘等,1990,《森林生态学实验实习方法》,东北林业大学出版社.
22、R.M.梅等.1976,《理论生态学》(孙儒泳等译),1930。科学出版社。
23、D.米勒——唐布依斯,H.埃仑伯格,1974,《植生态学的目的和方法》,(鲍显诚等译),科学出版,1986.
24、R.道本迈尔,1964,《植物群落学》,(陈厌诚译),人民教育出版社,1981。
25、R.克纳普,1980,《实验植物群落学》,(郑慧宝译)科学出版社。
26、J. L, Harper, 1977, 《Population blology of plants》, Acadecamic press Inc. (London)Ltd.
27、Rodolfo Dirzo and Jose sarukhan, 1984. 《Perspectives on plant population Ecology》, Sinauer Assoclates Inc.
28、Miehael Fenner, 1985, 《Seed Ecology》, Chapman and Hall.
29、F. H. Borman and G. E. Likens, 1979, 《pattern and proeess in a Forested Ecosystem》, Springer-verlag.
30、M. E. Solomon, 1976, 《Population dynamies》, Edward Arndd.
31、M. F. Willson, 1983, 《Plant reproductive ecology》, John willey & Sons. Inc.
32、Michael Begon et al, 1981, 《Population ecology》, Blaekwell scientific publications.
33、Philip w. Hedrick, 1984, 《Population Biology》, Jones and Bartelett publishers Inc.
34、E. P. odum, 1983, 《Basic Ecology》, Saunders coueye publishing.
35、P. W. Price et al, 1984, 《A New Ecology》, John wiley & Sons.
36、G. C. Varleg et al, 1974, 《Insect population—analytical approach》, springe—verlag.
37、L. Legendre and P. Legendre, 1983, 《Numerical Ecology》, Elsevier scientific publishing coanpany.
38、J. P. Kimmins, 1987, 《Forest Ecology》, Macmillan publishing company.
39、祝宁等,1984.红松林下刺五加种群格局的初步研究,东北林业大学学报,No.1.
40、陈大珂,周晓峰等,1982,天然次生林四个类型的结构 功能及演替,东北林学院学报,No.2。
41、陈大珂,石家??等,1984,森林立地分类与森林生产力,东北林业大学学报,No.1。
42、陈大珂,1982,红松阔叶林系统发生评述,东北林学院学报。(增刊)
43、郭维明,祝宁,1986,刺五加扦插繁殖及其生理的初步研究,东北林业大学学报,No.1.
44、郭维明,朱亮基等,1987,层积期间刺五加种胚发育过程与ABA、GA动态的关系,全国植物激素学术研究论文汇编(2)。
45、王敬立,韩玉林,1983,刺五加埋枝繁殖试验,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,第二期。
46、王章淮,1982,刺五加繁殖方法的研究,黑龙江省森林植物园(油印本).
47、阳含熙,伍业纲,1988,长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林林木种属组成、年龄结构和更新策略的研究林业科学.Vol.24,No.1
48、阳含熙等,1988,长白山阔叶红松林母氏链模型,生态学报,Vol.8.No.3。
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