高压输电线电磁环境模拟系统及其生物效应研究
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摘要
近年来，高压输电线因工业生产和生活中的大量用电，而广泛分布于人口密集的城市中。随着输送电压的不断提高，输电线下工频电磁场对周围居民健康的影响,及与生物体的相互作用，已引起人们广泛关注。
本文介绍了目前工频电磁场生物效应领域的研究现状；总结归纳了流行病学调查和相关生物医学效应研究的成果，并对工频电磁场的非热效应机理作了阐述；实地测量了110kV和220kV高压输电线下电磁场场强的大小与分布，并对理论模拟值和实际测量值进行比较。在此基础上，围绕对大样本动物辐照实验的要求，搭建了可调式模拟实验系统。该系统包括产生均强或交变电场的高压辐照系统和输出交变磁场的磁发生系统，以能较好地反映高压输电线下居民生活空间中的电磁环境。同时，结合工频电磁场生物效应研究，对神经电生理学的实验方法学和微弱生理电信号的处理技术做了初步摸索，并进行相关的前期动物实验。本文探讨了工频电磁场辐射防护措施，辐射标准制定原则，并对如何减少输电线电磁辐射提出了若干意见。同时提出工频电磁场生物效应实验中需要注意的问题，和对后继实验的几点建议。
With high voltage power line being extensively distributed in industry、living environment of dense population cities, and transportation voltage being increased，etc, the interaction between power frequency EMF near power line and biological system, and influence on inhabitant health are given more attention.
This thesis describes present researches in the field. Some epidemiological investigations and bio-electromagnetic phenomenon are introduced. The mechanism of athermal bio-effects are given some theoretic models are summarized. The EMF intensity and distributions of high voltage power line with 110kV and 220kV is measured on the spot, and are compared with theoretical simulations and actual investigations. A adjustable experimental system simulating power frequency EMF under power line is built up for irradiating animals. It consists of three parts. First is irradiation spaces, second is high-voltage generator that can output direct currents and alternating currents, third magnetic generator that can offer alternating magnetic field. Simultaneously, some related prophase animal experiments have been carried about the nerve electrophysiology. The methodology of experimentation and the technology of processing faintly physiological electric signal are groped and analyzed. Finally, the paper discuss defensive measures against power frequency EMF irradiation，principle to set up irradiation standard，and brings forward some opinions on how to decrease EMF irradiation when building super-high voltage transmission line. And puts forward some especially noticeable problems about bio-effect experiments and several suggestions to subsequent experiments.
本文介绍了目前工频电磁场生物效应领域的研究现状；总结归纳了流行病学调查和相关生物医学效应研究的成果，并对工频电磁场的非热效应机理作了阐述；实地测量了110kV和220kV高压输电线下电磁场场强的大小与分布，并对理论模拟值和实际测量值进行比较。在此基础上，围绕对大样本动物辐照实验的要求，搭建了可调式模拟实验系统。该系统包括产生均强或交变电场的高压辐照系统和输出交变磁场的磁发生系统，以能较好地反映高压输电线下居民生活空间中的电磁环境。同时，结合工频电磁场生物效应研究，对神经电生理学的实验方法学和微弱生理电信号的处理技术做了初步摸索，并进行相关的前期动物实验。本文探讨了工频电磁场辐射防护措施，辐射标准制定原则，并对如何减少输电线电磁辐射提出了若干意见。同时提出工频电磁场生物效应实验中需要注意的问题，和对后继实验的几点建议。
With high voltage power line being extensively distributed in industry、living environment of dense population cities, and transportation voltage being increased，etc, the interaction between power frequency EMF near power line and biological system, and influence on inhabitant health are given more attention.
This thesis describes present researches in the field. Some epidemiological investigations and bio-electromagnetic phenomenon are introduced. The mechanism of athermal bio-effects are given some theoretic models are summarized. The EMF intensity and distributions of high voltage power line with 110kV and 220kV is measured on the spot, and are compared with theoretical simulations and actual investigations. A adjustable experimental system simulating power frequency EMF under power line is built up for irradiating animals. It consists of three parts. First is irradiation spaces, second is high-voltage generator that can output direct currents and alternating currents, third magnetic generator that can offer alternating magnetic field. Simultaneously, some related prophase animal experiments have been carried about the nerve electrophysiology. The methodology of experimentation and the technology of processing faintly physiological electric signal are groped and analyzed. Finally, the paper discuss defensive measures against power frequency EMF irradiation，principle to set up irradiation standard，and brings forward some opinions on how to decrease EMF irradiation when building super-high voltage transmission line. And puts forward some especially noticeable problems about bio-effect experiments and several suggestions to subsequent experiments.
引文
1. 黎滨洪，周希朗编著，毫米波技术及其应用。上海交通大学出版社，1990
2. 王保义，唐敬贤，江汉保，徐兰编著，电磁场在生物医学中的应用，国防工业出版社，1990
3. 邵方殷编译，输电系统产生的电场和磁场，水利电力出版社，1984
4. Wertheimeu R,Leeper E. Am J Epidemiol,1979,109-293
5. 张兆庆，张洁，吴浩洁，极低频电磁场生物效应机理研究进展，磁性材料与器件，2000，vol .31，No.10：1001-3130
6. 王萟兰，极低频电磁场与人体健康，劳动医学，2000，Vol.17，No.4：1006－3617
7. 陈国璋，陈惠晓，谈谈生物电磁学研究热点－非热效应，物理，1998，27卷，3期
8. 黄卡玛，李颖等人，近年来弱电磁场（波）生物效应机理研究的进展，中国医学物理学杂志，2000，Vol.17，No.1
9. 刘亚宁主编，电磁生物效应，北京邮电大学出版社，2002
10. 罗二平，张志远等人，电磁场非热效应机理的研究，世界医疗器械，2001，Vol.7，No.1
11. 许宜满，高压输电线路电磁辐射污染评价，电力环境保护，1999，Vol.15,No3.:50-52
12. 邹澎，王芳， 高压输电线附近工频电场的数学模型，中国电力， 1994，第6 期：20－23
13. 邹澎，侯均蘅，周晓萍，高压输电线路附近电磁环境的预测模型和软件，电力建设，1999 ，第一期：5－8
14. 李莉，高攸纲，高压传输线附近磁场环境的理论分析，电波科学学报，1998，Vol.13, No.2: 187-192
15. 陈国璋，姜槐， 低强度极低频电磁场生物效应及特点， 基础医学于临床， 1995， 第15卷，第2期：11－14
16. 董胜璋，极低频电磁场生物效应研究进展， 预防医学情报杂志， 1998， 第14卷第3期：153－156
17. 李昌敏，姜槐，极低频磁场促癌效应额研究动态，国外医学生物医学工程分册，1998， 第21卷第6期：321－325
18. 朱绍忠，王起恩，黄菲，工频磁场对小鼠免疫功能的影响及胆红素的保护作用，劳动医学，1998，VOL.15,No.4,: 206-207
19. 郑步云，工频磁场与肿瘤：流行病学研究， 国外医学卫生学分册， 1997， 第24卷，第3期：151－154
20. 董瑞新，闫循领，庞小峰，吴璟，张安英，DNA温度效应的Raman光谱研究，光谱学与光谱分析，已接受发表。
21. W.Z.Fam, E.L.Mikhail, A threegeneration animal study of the biological effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field. :706-709
22. Atsuo Chiba , Katsuo Isaka , Density distributation of currents induces inside the brian in the head part of the human model exposed to power frequency electric field, High voltage engineering symposium, 1999 ,No.467:22-27
23. , Hayri Yildirim , Ozcan Kalenderli, Computation of electric field induced currents on human body standing under a high voltage transmission line by using charge simulation method, 2nd international biomedical edgineering days, 1998:7577
24. Stephan P.Albert bren. 60HzEMFhenaith defects-A scientific uncertainty, IEEE engineering in medical and biology July/August, 1995: 370-373
25. The institution electrical engineers, London, Low-frequency electromagnetic fields. 1995,IEEE electrical insulation magazine .Vol.11,No.1: 27-31
26. A report of the IEEE magnetic field task force of the AC fields working group of the Coeona and field effects subcommittee of the transmission and distribution committee, Measurements of power frequency magnetic fields away from power lines, IEEE transactions on power delivery. Vol.6,No.2,April 1991:901-911
27. Chun-ju lin, huey-ru chaung,kun-mu chen, steady-state and shock currents induced by ELF electric fields in a human body and a nearby vehicle. IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility ,February 1990. Vol.32, No1:59-65
28. Alan w precet ,Jeff W Hand, Robert N Clarke. Power frequency electromagnetic field and health .where 's the evidence ? Phy.Med.Biol(2000): 139-154
29. Donald W.Zipse, Health effects of extremely low-frequency (50Hz和60Hz)electric and magnetic field., IEEE transaction on industry application,1993, Vol.29,No.2:448-458
30. .Randa,D.Gilliland. catalogue of electromagnetic environment measurements, 30-300Hz, IEEE transaction on electromagnetic compatability .,Vol.37, No1,1995:26-33
31. L.Bonhomme-Faivre, A.Mace,Y.Bezie, Alterations of biological parameters in mice chronically exposed to low-frequency(50Hz) electromagnetic fields. Life Science,Vol.62, No.14:1271-1280, 1998
32. Andrew A.Marino erik Nilsen Clifton frilot , Consistent magnetic-field induced dynamical changes in rabbit brain activity detected by recurrence quantification analysis. Brain Reaearch 951(2002):301-310
33. G.E.J.Langenbach, W.A.Weijs,P.Brugman , A longitudinal electromyographic study of the postnatal maturation of mastication in the rabbit. Archives of Oral Biological 46 (2001):811-820
34. 刘会金，罗九儒，杨宪章，工频磁场的暴露对兔脑电影响的计算机分析，武汉水利电力大学学报，1994, Vol.27,No3: 275-281
35. 孔峰，战力功，魏严。500kV工频高压电场对人脑电图变化的观察，河南医学研究，1996，第5卷，第4期，338－341
36. 黄赛清，郭瑞华，脉冲电磁场对周围神经再生的作用， 中国临床康复，2002，第6健，第2 期：210－211
37. 刘会金。罗九儒，杨宪章，工频强磁场兔的行为观察和脑电图的功率谱分布，2000, 中国电力，Vol.33.No.1:65-68
38. 邹继武，刘宝廷，崔淑梅，郑萍编著，磁路与磁场，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1998
2. 王保义，唐敬贤，江汉保，徐兰编著，电磁场在生物医学中的应用，国防工业出版社，1990
3. 邵方殷编译，输电系统产生的电场和磁场，水利电力出版社，1984
4. Wertheimeu R,Leeper E. Am J Epidemiol,1979,109-293
5. 张兆庆，张洁，吴浩洁，极低频电磁场生物效应机理研究进展，磁性材料与器件，2000，vol .31，No.10：1001-3130
6. 王萟兰，极低频电磁场与人体健康，劳动医学，2000，Vol.17，No.4：1006－3617
7. 陈国璋，陈惠晓，谈谈生物电磁学研究热点－非热效应，物理，1998，27卷，3期
8. 黄卡玛，李颖等人，近年来弱电磁场（波）生物效应机理研究的进展，中国医学物理学杂志，2000，Vol.17，No.1
9. 刘亚宁主编，电磁生物效应，北京邮电大学出版社，2002
10. 罗二平，张志远等人，电磁场非热效应机理的研究，世界医疗器械，2001，Vol.7，No.1
11. 许宜满，高压输电线路电磁辐射污染评价，电力环境保护，1999，Vol.15,No3.:50-52
12. 邹澎，王芳， 高压输电线附近工频电场的数学模型，中国电力， 1994，第6 期：20－23
13. 邹澎，侯均蘅，周晓萍，高压输电线路附近电磁环境的预测模型和软件，电力建设，1999 ，第一期：5－8
14. 李莉，高攸纲，高压传输线附近磁场环境的理论分析，电波科学学报，1998，Vol.13, No.2: 187-192
15. 陈国璋，姜槐， 低强度极低频电磁场生物效应及特点， 基础医学于临床， 1995， 第15卷，第2期：11－14
16. 董胜璋，极低频电磁场生物效应研究进展， 预防医学情报杂志， 1998， 第14卷第3期：153－156
17. 李昌敏，姜槐，极低频磁场促癌效应额研究动态，国外医学生物医学工程分册，1998， 第21卷第6期：321－325
18. 朱绍忠，王起恩，黄菲，工频磁场对小鼠免疫功能的影响及胆红素的保护作用，劳动医学，1998，VOL.15,No.4,: 206-207
19. 郑步云，工频磁场与肿瘤：流行病学研究， 国外医学卫生学分册， 1997， 第24卷，第3期：151－154
20. 董瑞新，闫循领，庞小峰，吴璟，张安英，DNA温度效应的Raman光谱研究，光谱学与光谱分析，已接受发表。
21. W.Z.Fam, E.L.Mikhail, A threegeneration animal study of the biological effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field. :706-709
22. Atsuo Chiba , Katsuo Isaka , Density distributation of currents induces inside the brian in the head part of the human model exposed to power frequency electric field, High voltage engineering symposium, 1999 ,No.467:22-27
23. , Hayri Yildirim , Ozcan Kalenderli, Computation of electric field induced currents on human body standing under a high voltage transmission line by using charge simulation method, 2nd international biomedical edgineering days, 1998:7577
24. Stephan P.Albert bren. 60HzEMFhenaith defects-A scientific uncertainty, IEEE engineering in medical and biology July/August, 1995: 370-373
25. The institution electrical engineers, London, Low-frequency electromagnetic fields. 1995,IEEE electrical insulation magazine .Vol.11,No.1: 27-31
26. A report of the IEEE magnetic field task force of the AC fields working group of the Coeona and field effects subcommittee of the transmission and distribution committee, Measurements of power frequency magnetic fields away from power lines, IEEE transactions on power delivery. Vol.6,No.2,April 1991:901-911
27. Chun-ju lin, huey-ru chaung,kun-mu chen, steady-state and shock currents induced by ELF electric fields in a human body and a nearby vehicle. IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility ,February 1990. Vol.32, No1:59-65
28. Alan w precet ,Jeff W Hand, Robert N Clarke. Power frequency electromagnetic field and health .where 's the evidence ? Phy.Med.Biol(2000): 139-154
29. Donald W.Zipse, Health effects of extremely low-frequency (50Hz和60Hz)electric and magnetic field., IEEE transaction on industry application,1993, Vol.29,No.2:448-458
30. .Randa,D.Gilliland. catalogue of electromagnetic environment measurements, 30-300Hz, IEEE transaction on electromagnetic compatability .,Vol.37, No1,1995:26-33
31. L.Bonhomme-Faivre, A.Mace,Y.Bezie, Alterations of biological parameters in mice chronically exposed to low-frequency(50Hz) electromagnetic fields. Life Science,Vol.62, No.14:1271-1280, 1998
32. Andrew A.Marino erik Nilsen Clifton frilot , Consistent magnetic-field induced dynamical changes in rabbit brain activity detected by recurrence quantification analysis. Brain Reaearch 951(2002):301-310
33. G.E.J.Langenbach, W.A.Weijs,P.Brugman , A longitudinal electromyographic study of the postnatal maturation of mastication in the rabbit. Archives of Oral Biological 46 (2001):811-820
34. 刘会金，罗九儒，杨宪章，工频磁场的暴露对兔脑电影响的计算机分析，武汉水利电力大学学报，1994, Vol.27,No3: 275-281
35. 孔峰，战力功，魏严。500kV工频高压电场对人脑电图变化的观察，河南医学研究，1996，第5卷，第4期，338－341
36. 黄赛清，郭瑞华，脉冲电磁场对周围神经再生的作用， 中国临床康复，2002，第6健，第2 期：210－211
37. 刘会金。罗九儒，杨宪章，工频强磁场兔的行为观察和脑电图的功率谱分布，2000, 中国电力，Vol.33.No.1:65-68
38. 邹继武，刘宝廷，崔淑梅，郑萍编著，磁路与磁场，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1998