发酵床养殖模式对猪舍环境及猪肉品质的影响研究
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨发酵床养猪模式对猪舍内有害气体浓度、猪生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品品质的影响。将120头体重约为6.5kg的健康杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头。第1组为对照组,采用传统模式水泥地面饲养,第2组为湖南省微生物研究所提供菌剂发酵床组,第3组为湖南泰谷生物科技有限责任公司提供菌剂发酵床组。试验期为155d,分6-15kg、15-30kg、30-60kg、60-100kg4阶段饲养。试验结束时每处理随机选取试验公、母猪各3头,共18头进行屠宰,测定生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质,同时试验过程中测定猪舍中有害气体含量。试验结果表明：
1发酵床养猪模式对猪舍有害气体含量的影响
发酵床养猪模式可有效降低猪舍内有害气体浓度,发酵床猪舍中H2S浓度小于0.5mg/m3,符合畜禽场环境质量标准；NH3浓度比传统模式猪舍降低83.33%(P<0.05),C02浓度降低55.23%(P<0.05)。
2发酵床养猪模式对猪生产性能及屠宰性能的影响
发酵床养猪模式对猪生产性能的改善存在一定的促进作用,对屠宰性能影响不显著。与第1组相比,第2、3组平均日增重分别提高了9.87%(P<0.05)和7.03%(P<0.05)；料肉比分别降低了7.81%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P<0.05)；胴体直长分别提高了6.70%(P<0.05)和6.02%(P<0.05),胴体斜长分别提高了8.65%(P<0.05)和7.12%(P<0.05)；对其他屠宰性能指标无显著性影响。
3发酵床养猪模式对猪肉品质的影响
对屠宰试验猪常规肉质、肉中营养成分、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量及微生物含量进行测定。结果表明：与第1组相比,第2、3组猪肉中粗蛋白含量分别提高了3.57%(P<0.05)和3.44%(P<0.05)。发酵床养猪模式不会导致PSE肉产生,第2、3组对比第1组肉色评分分别提高了11.63%(P<0.05)和12.63%(P<0.05),滴水损失分别下降了11.42%(P<0.05)和12.07%(P<0.05)；熟肉率分别提高5.71%(P<0.05)和4.42%(P<0.05)；肉pH值、系水力、嫩度、大理石纹、肌内脂肪等各组结果差异不显著。肉中必需氨基酸总量、风味氨基酸总量以及氨基酸总量结果差异不显著；第2、3组必需氨基酸中的苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸含量分别比第1组提高了23.58%(P<0.05)和20.75%(P<0.05)、18.18%(P<0.05)和23.63%(P<0.05)、14.15%(P<0.05)和15.07%(P<0.05),风味氨基酸中异亮氨酸和甘氨酸含量分别提高了18.18%(P<0.05)和23.63%(P<0.05)、44.9%(P<0.05)和37.76%(P<0.05)。发酵床养猪模式对肉中饱和脂肪酸总量和不饱和脂肪酸总量均无显著性影响,油酸含量分别提高了5.52%(P<0.05)和8.31%(P<0.05)；亚麻酸含量分别提高了6.81%(P<0.05)和7.17%(P<0.05)。对肉中微生物含量无显著性影响。
综上所述,发酵床养猪模式可显著改善猪舍环境参数、提高猪生产性能、改善肉品质和风味,对于促进生猪养殖业健康可持续发展具有重要意义和广泛的应用前景。
This study was designed to research the effects of deep litter system on emission of harmful gas, growth performance, slaughtered quality and meat quality of pigs.120 pigs weigh about 6.5kg were randomly allocated into 3 groups,4 replicates each treatment and 10 pigs per replicate, the whole experiment period lasted for 155d. The pigs in group 1 (control group) were raised on conventional slated floor housing system, and the pigs in group 2 and 3 were raised on deep litter housing system with different composition.18 pigs randomly selected from 3 groups were slaughtered and the concertration of harmful gas was measured in the end of the experiment period and some indices were determined. The results showed that:
1. Effects of deep litter housing system on gaseous emissions
The concertration of harmful gas was decreased by the deep litter system effectively, the concertration of H2S was lower than 0.5 mg/m3, the concertration of CO2 was 1443.3 mg/m3, and NH3 was 3.3 mg/m3 in deep litter system housing,and in slated floor housing CO2 was 3223.3 mg/m3 and NH3 was 19.8 mg/m3.The concertration of harmful gas in deep litter system were significantly lower than that of conventional housing(P<0.05).
2. Effects of deep litter housing system on growth performance and slaughtered quality of pigs
Deep litter housing system can significantly improve the growth performance of pigs. The live weight and average daily gains of pigs in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than pigs in groups 1 (P<0.05), the feed efficiency of groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than group 1, the carcass straight length and slanting length in group 2 and 3 were significantly longer (P<0.05) than group 1. The other performances of slaughtered quality have no significant differences among the different floor types.
3. Effects of deep litter housing system on meat quality of pigs
Some of the performances of meat quality in group 2 and 3 were significantly better than group 1 (P<0.05), the content of CP was increased by 3.57% and 3.44%, the meat colour was improved by 11.63% and 12.63%, and the ripe meat ration was increased by 5.71% and 4.42% respectively, and the drip loss of meat was lower significantly (P<0.05). The content of Thr, He, Lys, Gly, C18:1 and C18:3 in meat from group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The pH value, WHC, Tenderness, Marbling, IMF and the content of animalcule in meat has no significant differences.
In summary, deep litter system can decreased the emission of harmful gas, and improve the growth performance and some indices of meat quality of pigs. And did not increase the content of animalcule in meat.
1发酵床养猪模式对猪舍有害气体含量的影响
发酵床养猪模式可有效降低猪舍内有害气体浓度,发酵床猪舍中H2S浓度小于0.5mg/m3,符合畜禽场环境质量标准；NH3浓度比传统模式猪舍降低83.33%(P<0.05),C02浓度降低55.23%(P<0.05)。
2发酵床养猪模式对猪生产性能及屠宰性能的影响
发酵床养猪模式对猪生产性能的改善存在一定的促进作用,对屠宰性能影响不显著。与第1组相比,第2、3组平均日增重分别提高了9.87%(P<0.05)和7.03%(P<0.05)；料肉比分别降低了7.81%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P<0.05)；胴体直长分别提高了6.70%(P<0.05)和6.02%(P<0.05),胴体斜长分别提高了8.65%(P<0.05)和7.12%(P<0.05)；对其他屠宰性能指标无显著性影响。
3发酵床养猪模式对猪肉品质的影响
对屠宰试验猪常规肉质、肉中营养成分、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量及微生物含量进行测定。结果表明：与第1组相比,第2、3组猪肉中粗蛋白含量分别提高了3.57%(P<0.05)和3.44%(P<0.05)。发酵床养猪模式不会导致PSE肉产生,第2、3组对比第1组肉色评分分别提高了11.63%(P<0.05)和12.63%(P<0.05),滴水损失分别下降了11.42%(P<0.05)和12.07%(P<0.05)；熟肉率分别提高5.71%(P<0.05)和4.42%(P<0.05)；肉pH值、系水力、嫩度、大理石纹、肌内脂肪等各组结果差异不显著。肉中必需氨基酸总量、风味氨基酸总量以及氨基酸总量结果差异不显著；第2、3组必需氨基酸中的苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸含量分别比第1组提高了23.58%(P<0.05)和20.75%(P<0.05)、18.18%(P<0.05)和23.63%(P<0.05)、14.15%(P<0.05)和15.07%(P<0.05),风味氨基酸中异亮氨酸和甘氨酸含量分别提高了18.18%(P<0.05)和23.63%(P<0.05)、44.9%(P<0.05)和37.76%(P<0.05)。发酵床养猪模式对肉中饱和脂肪酸总量和不饱和脂肪酸总量均无显著性影响,油酸含量分别提高了5.52%(P<0.05)和8.31%(P<0.05)；亚麻酸含量分别提高了6.81%(P<0.05)和7.17%(P<0.05)。对肉中微生物含量无显著性影响。
综上所述,发酵床养猪模式可显著改善猪舍环境参数、提高猪生产性能、改善肉品质和风味,对于促进生猪养殖业健康可持续发展具有重要意义和广泛的应用前景。
This study was designed to research the effects of deep litter system on emission of harmful gas, growth performance, slaughtered quality and meat quality of pigs.120 pigs weigh about 6.5kg were randomly allocated into 3 groups,4 replicates each treatment and 10 pigs per replicate, the whole experiment period lasted for 155d. The pigs in group 1 (control group) were raised on conventional slated floor housing system, and the pigs in group 2 and 3 were raised on deep litter housing system with different composition.18 pigs randomly selected from 3 groups were slaughtered and the concertration of harmful gas was measured in the end of the experiment period and some indices were determined. The results showed that:
1. Effects of deep litter housing system on gaseous emissions
The concertration of harmful gas was decreased by the deep litter system effectively, the concertration of H2S was lower than 0.5 mg/m3, the concertration of CO2 was 1443.3 mg/m3, and NH3 was 3.3 mg/m3 in deep litter system housing,and in slated floor housing CO2 was 3223.3 mg/m3 and NH3 was 19.8 mg/m3.The concertration of harmful gas in deep litter system were significantly lower than that of conventional housing(P<0.05).
2. Effects of deep litter housing system on growth performance and slaughtered quality of pigs
Deep litter housing system can significantly improve the growth performance of pigs. The live weight and average daily gains of pigs in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than pigs in groups 1 (P<0.05), the feed efficiency of groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than group 1, the carcass straight length and slanting length in group 2 and 3 were significantly longer (P<0.05) than group 1. The other performances of slaughtered quality have no significant differences among the different floor types.
3. Effects of deep litter housing system on meat quality of pigs
Some of the performances of meat quality in group 2 and 3 were significantly better than group 1 (P<0.05), the content of CP was increased by 3.57% and 3.44%, the meat colour was improved by 11.63% and 12.63%, and the ripe meat ration was increased by 5.71% and 4.42% respectively, and the drip loss of meat was lower significantly (P<0.05). The content of Thr, He, Lys, Gly, C18:1 and C18:3 in meat from group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The pH value, WHC, Tenderness, Marbling, IMF and the content of animalcule in meat has no significant differences.
In summary, deep litter system can decreased the emission of harmful gas, and improve the growth performance and some indices of meat quality of pigs. And did not increase the content of animalcule in meat.
引文
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