高速公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系及量化模型研究
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摘要
高速公路以其快捷、方便、灵活、覆盖面广、通达度深等特点已成为现代交通运输体系的重要组成部分。它是国民经济的重要基础产业,在一定程度上标志着一个国家或地区社会经济的发展水平。然而高速公路在带来巨大经济效益和社会效益的同时,也带来了日益严重的环境问题,如水土流失、生物多样性减少等。高速公路生态环境问题已成为环境科学领域和建设管理部门研究的重要问题之一,生态环境影响后评价也成为高速公路环境影响后评价的一个十分重要的组成部分。我国对高速公路项目生态环境影响后评价的探讨起步较晚,成果不多,特别是缺乏可推广实用的操作性较强的量化模型。因此,进一步探讨和研究高速公路项目生态环境影响后评价具有重要意义。
本文在参考了大量文献、分析总结前人后评价工作经验和成果的基础上,结合产业经济和环境科学的相关理论、高速公路建设项目的特点以及我国高速公路建设项目管理的实际情况,构建了符合我国国情的较全面而系统的高速公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系。该指标体系包括地表植被、生物多样性、水土流失、农业生态环境等,依据建立的高速公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系,分别对各单项指标从评价内容、量化模型、现状调查监测与评价等方面进行分析、评价。在进行生态环境影响评价时,结合高速公路生态环境影响各要素影响的特点选用修正后的量化模型。最后本文以常张高速公路生态环境影响为例对所建立的指标体系及选取的量化模型进行检验,并给出相应的后评价结论。
Highway has become an important component of the modern transportation system in its speed, convenience, flexibility and wide coverage, access to the deep depth. It is a important basic industries of the national economy, to a certain extent a country or a region marked socio-economic level of development. However, the highway in a huge economic and social benefits, but also brought about the increasingly serious environmental problems such as soil erosion, bildiversity loss, and so on. Highway ecological environment has become the one of important issues of the field of environmental sicence and cnstruction management research, environmental impact post-assessment of ecological has become a important component of the environmental impact post-assessment of highway. China’s environmental impact post-assessment of highway project of a late start, the results of small, especially the lack of interoperability can be useful to promote a strong quantitative models. Therefore, to further explore and study the environmental impact post-assessment of highway project of great significance.
In this paper, reference to a great deal of literature, analysis of previous evaluation summary based on work experience and achievement foundation, combined with the union industry economy and environmental science’s correlation theories, the characteristics of highway construction projects and highway construction project management in China’s actual conditions, in line with China’s national conditions to build a more comprehensive and systematic highway ecological environment impact post-assessment index system. The index system mainly includes the surface vegetation, biodiversity, soil erosion, agro-ecological environment, according to the establishment of the highway ecological environmental impact post-assessment index system evaluation system of the individual indicators, respectively, of the content from the evaluation, quantitative models, monitoring and survey analysis of evaluation, adoption of a revised comprehensive evaluation index method combined with the success of ecological environmental impact assessment. When carries on the ecological environment impact assessment, the union highway ecological environment various essential factors impact’s characteristic, selects the different quantification model separately. Finally, Chang Zhang Expressway ecological environment impact in this paper as an example of the various indicators and the establishment of a comprehensive indicator of quantitative models can be tested, and the corresponding post-assessment findings.
本文在参考了大量文献、分析总结前人后评价工作经验和成果的基础上,结合产业经济和环境科学的相关理论、高速公路建设项目的特点以及我国高速公路建设项目管理的实际情况,构建了符合我国国情的较全面而系统的高速公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系。该指标体系包括地表植被、生物多样性、水土流失、农业生态环境等,依据建立的高速公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系,分别对各单项指标从评价内容、量化模型、现状调查监测与评价等方面进行分析、评价。在进行生态环境影响评价时,结合高速公路生态环境影响各要素影响的特点选用修正后的量化模型。最后本文以常张高速公路生态环境影响为例对所建立的指标体系及选取的量化模型进行检验,并给出相应的后评价结论。
Highway has become an important component of the modern transportation system in its speed, convenience, flexibility and wide coverage, access to the deep depth. It is a important basic industries of the national economy, to a certain extent a country or a region marked socio-economic level of development. However, the highway in a huge economic and social benefits, but also brought about the increasingly serious environmental problems such as soil erosion, bildiversity loss, and so on. Highway ecological environment has become the one of important issues of the field of environmental sicence and cnstruction management research, environmental impact post-assessment of ecological has become a important component of the environmental impact post-assessment of highway. China’s environmental impact post-assessment of highway project of a late start, the results of small, especially the lack of interoperability can be useful to promote a strong quantitative models. Therefore, to further explore and study the environmental impact post-assessment of highway project of great significance.
In this paper, reference to a great deal of literature, analysis of previous evaluation summary based on work experience and achievement foundation, combined with the union industry economy and environmental science’s correlation theories, the characteristics of highway construction projects and highway construction project management in China’s actual conditions, in line with China’s national conditions to build a more comprehensive and systematic highway ecological environment impact post-assessment index system. The index system mainly includes the surface vegetation, biodiversity, soil erosion, agro-ecological environment, according to the establishment of the highway ecological environmental impact post-assessment index system evaluation system of the individual indicators, respectively, of the content from the evaluation, quantitative models, monitoring and survey analysis of evaluation, adoption of a revised comprehensive evaluation index method combined with the success of ecological environmental impact assessment. When carries on the ecological environment impact assessment, the union highway ecological environment various essential factors impact’s characteristic, selects the different quantification model separately. Finally, Chang Zhang Expressway ecological environment impact in this paper as an example of the various indicators and the establishment of a comprehensive indicator of quantitative models can be tested, and the corresponding post-assessment findings.
引文
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[2] The World Bank. Pubilc Involvement in Environmental Assessment: Require- ments, Opportunities and Issues[R]. Washington D.C, the World Bank.1993
[3] Stuart D.Werner,John B.Jernigan,Craig E.Taylor and Howard H.M.Hwang. Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Highway Systems.The Quarterly Publication of NCEER Volume 9,Number 4.October 1995
[4]奚宽武,陈尚和,石建军.高速公路建设项目环境影响后评价初探[J].交通环保,2003,(4):101～103
[5]白思俊.关于项目后评价的探讨[J].管理工程学报,2002,10(16):5-7
[6]钱周信.浅谈项目后评价[J].商业时代?理论,2005,6:74
[7]张俊卿.建设项目后评价工作程序设计[J].基建优化,2006,5(27):10-13
[8]王蕊、郭峰.基于可持续发展的建设项目后评价问题探讨[J].经济与管理,2007,11(21):89-91
[9]宁蔚,郭华蕊.项目后评价方法[J].现代商业,2008,17:82
[10] Kominkova D. Benesova L.An Evaluation of Highway Prague-Pribram(Central Bohemia)Impact on an Aquatic Ecosystem of Small Streams
[11] David Reed,Structral Adjustment,the Environment and Sustainable Development [M].WWF-International,1996,821-865
[12] EPA, 1997a. EPA’s Transportation rtners: Shortcuts; Transportation and Environmental Impacts. Publication # EPA230-F97-007. Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Washington.
[13]美国公路发展历程的启示[J].公路运输文摘,2003,(5):40-45
[14]程胜高,鱼红霞.高速公路生态环境评价的研究[J].环境保护,2000,8:21-23
[15]黄锦辉、李群.河南周口至省界段高速公路建设对生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2002,21(1),74-79
[16]薛喜成.陕西省西铜高速公路生态环境治理初探[J].西安科技学院学报,2003,3(23),274-276
[17]唐鑫生、陈兴龙等.汤屯高速公路沿线生态环境现状及其影响评价[J].黄山学院学报,2004,6(6),99-102
[18]刘永兵、杨峰春等.湖南彭家坳至集里高速公路建设期间对生态环境影响的评析[J].水土保持研究,2005,6(12),46-49
[19]何秀斌,文安邦等.农业生态环境评价的土壤侵蚀退耦指标体系[J].土壤学报,2005,5(42):852-855
[20]刘苏、张重禄等.洞庭湖区域公路建设中湿地生态环境评价的若干问题[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2006,2(3):85-89
[21] EPA, 1996a. Indicators of the Environmental Impacts of Transportation. Publication # EPA 230-R96-009, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Washington, D.C.
[22] C.Pagotto,M.Legret and P. Le. Cloirec .Comparison of the Hydraulic Behaiour and the Quality of Highway Runoff Water According to the Type of Pavement.Water Research. Vo1.34, NO. 18 .Dec. 2000
[23] Hilary Nixon,Jean-Daniel Saphores.The Impacts of Motor Vehicle Operation on Water Quality: A Preliminary Assessment.2003a
[24] Rainer Fehr. Environmental Health Impact Assessment.Evaluation of a Ten-Step Model,Epidemiology, September 1999,Vol.10 No.5
[25] EPA,1995.Controlling Nonpoint Source Run off Pollution from Roads. Highways,and Bridges Publication # EPA-841-F-95-008a.Office of Water. Washington,D.C.
[26] EPA, 1997a. EPA’s Transportation rtners: Shortcuts; Transportation and Environmental Impacts. Publication # EPA230-F97-007. Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. Washington.
[27]张珂,孔祥福.济青高速公路环境保护工程设施及效果评价[J].广西交通科技,2001,(1):46-48
[28]李亚娟、刘长兵等.高速公路竣工验收环境影响调查方法初探[J].交通环保,2003,2(24),16-20
[29]吴丽娜、沈毅等.公路建设项目环境影响后评价初探[J].交通环保,2004,1(25),1-5
[30]宋淑慧.高等级公路建设项目环境后评价研究[J].山东交通科技,2005,(1):34-41
[31]崔轶.公路生态环境影响后评价指标体系研究[J].环境,2007,11:98-99
[32]周正祥、凌征武等.高速公路环境影响后评价单要素指标体系及量化模型研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(1),93-96
[33]郭开云,王钦等.高速公路生态环境的遥感评价[J].公路与汽运,2008,(3),137-139
[34]蒋昭侠.产业结构问题研究[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005年1月
[35]邓伟根,王贵明.产业生态理论与实践——以西江产业带为例[M] .北京:经济管理出版社,2005年5月
[36]郭龙、朱永.高速公路区域经济研究现状及济青高速公路经济带发展策略分析[J].商场现代化,2008,(9):21-22.
[37]曹瑞钰.环境经济学与循环经济学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[38]郑志华、崔保军.高速公路评价区生态环境影响综合评价初探[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2004,27(1):46-48
[39]海热提,王文兴.生态环境评价、规划与管理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004年9月
[40]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组. 2008中国可持续发展战略报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2008年2月
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