杨木生物预处理机械浆的研究
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摘要
传统化学制浆工艺主要存在三个问题，即成本、能耗高，纸浆得率低，环境污染严重。在当今世界资源与能源短缺、环境污染严重的情况下，研究开发少污染、低能耗、高效率的生物制浆方法，已成为造纸业迫切需要完成的任务。
生物制浆就是利用对木素具有降解能力的微生物(主要是白腐菌类)或生物酶，选择性地分解植物纤维原料中的木素，从而达到纤维离散目的的过程。在生物制浆方面主要有两个发展方向，一是利用白腐菌脱去部分木素再用机械法制浆，所得浆料与CTMP浆相比，纸浆性质相仿，而磨浆电耗可明显降低；另一方向是采用某种酶直接去除木素，该方向目前还刚刚处于起步阶段，原因是难以获得高效的木素酶。
本论文以杨木下脚料为研究对象，成纸的物理性能为衡量标准，筛选出适合于生物预处理的高效菌种—高温平菇G1。同时对高温平菇G1进行了摇瓶发酵条件的优化，并进一步对筛选出的高温平菇G1菌进行了杨木预处理pH、预处理温度、预处理时间、最佳蒸煮温度及时间等处理条件的优化。实验结果表明，筛选出的高温平菇菌种对预处理pH和温度适应范围宽，生物作用效率高，经48小时的生物预处理，处理试样的裂断长和环压指数比空白样分别提高了17％和24％，大大缩短了生物预处理机械法制浆的预处理时间(以往需7天左右，现在约需2天)，而且获得了性能良好的用于配抄高强瓦楞纸的生物机械浆。
本论文采用生物预处理，配以不添加任何化学品的蒸煮软化后处理，在明显提高机械浆和成纸质量的同时，保持了机械浆得率高、污染少的优点。
There are three main problems in the traditional chemical pulping: high cost and energy consumption, low pulp yield and serious environmental pollution. Currently, being short of resource and energy and being polluted seriously, it is urgent and very important to develop bio-pulping methods with less pollution, lower energy consumption and higher pulp yield.
Bio-pulping methods make use of the microorganism with lignin degradation ability to decompose lignin in plant fiber. At present, it includes two methods: one uses white-rot fungi to degrade lignin partly and then to adopt mechanical pulping,as a result, the quality of the pulp obtained is similar to CTMP, but the refining energy is reduced obviously; the other uses some enzymes to degrade lignin directly, which is on the beginning stage because high efficiency lignin enzy nes are difficult to be obtained .
In this paper, poplar wood scrap was used as material and the high efficiency fungi- Agaricus sp. G1 was selected from many kinds of fungus, based on the treated pulp physical properties .The conditions of shake flask ferment for Agaricus sp. G1 were optimized, and the process conditions of bio-pretreatment with Agaricus sp. G1, such as pH, temperature and time as well as the temperature and time for softening treatment, were also optimized. The results indicate that the Agaricus sp. G1 tolerate wide variations of treatment pH and temperature, and it had high efficiency. After 48h biological pretreatment, the breaking length and ring crush index of bio-pretreatment sample were 17% and 24% higher than those of the control, respectively. Pretreatment time was reduced obviously(from 7 days for the previous methods to around 2 days for the current).In this way, the bio-pretreatment mechanical pulp with good physical properties were obtained, and it can be used as a furnish for the manufacture of high strength corrugated medium.
Combining the biological pretreatment with non-chemical cooking, the pulp quality could be improved significantly,mean while, high pulping yield were maintained with less pollution.
生物制浆就是利用对木素具有降解能力的微生物(主要是白腐菌类)或生物酶，选择性地分解植物纤维原料中的木素，从而达到纤维离散目的的过程。在生物制浆方面主要有两个发展方向，一是利用白腐菌脱去部分木素再用机械法制浆，所得浆料与CTMP浆相比，纸浆性质相仿，而磨浆电耗可明显降低；另一方向是采用某种酶直接去除木素，该方向目前还刚刚处于起步阶段，原因是难以获得高效的木素酶。
本论文以杨木下脚料为研究对象，成纸的物理性能为衡量标准，筛选出适合于生物预处理的高效菌种—高温平菇G1。同时对高温平菇G1进行了摇瓶发酵条件的优化，并进一步对筛选出的高温平菇G1菌进行了杨木预处理pH、预处理温度、预处理时间、最佳蒸煮温度及时间等处理条件的优化。实验结果表明，筛选出的高温平菇菌种对预处理pH和温度适应范围宽，生物作用效率高，经48小时的生物预处理，处理试样的裂断长和环压指数比空白样分别提高了17％和24％，大大缩短了生物预处理机械法制浆的预处理时间(以往需7天左右，现在约需2天)，而且获得了性能良好的用于配抄高强瓦楞纸的生物机械浆。
本论文采用生物预处理，配以不添加任何化学品的蒸煮软化后处理，在明显提高机械浆和成纸质量的同时，保持了机械浆得率高、污染少的优点。
There are three main problems in the traditional chemical pulping: high cost and energy consumption, low pulp yield and serious environmental pollution. Currently, being short of resource and energy and being polluted seriously, it is urgent and very important to develop bio-pulping methods with less pollution, lower energy consumption and higher pulp yield.
Bio-pulping methods make use of the microorganism with lignin degradation ability to decompose lignin in plant fiber. At present, it includes two methods: one uses white-rot fungi to degrade lignin partly and then to adopt mechanical pulping,as a result, the quality of the pulp obtained is similar to CTMP, but the refining energy is reduced obviously; the other uses some enzymes to degrade lignin directly, which is on the beginning stage because high efficiency lignin enzy nes are difficult to be obtained .
In this paper, poplar wood scrap was used as material and the high efficiency fungi- Agaricus sp. G1 was selected from many kinds of fungus, based on the treated pulp physical properties .The conditions of shake flask ferment for Agaricus sp. G1 were optimized, and the process conditions of bio-pretreatment with Agaricus sp. G1, such as pH, temperature and time as well as the temperature and time for softening treatment, were also optimized. The results indicate that the Agaricus sp. G1 tolerate wide variations of treatment pH and temperature, and it had high efficiency. After 48h biological pretreatment, the breaking length and ring crush index of bio-pretreatment sample were 17% and 24% higher than those of the control, respectively. Pretreatment time was reduced obviously(from 7 days for the previous methods to around 2 days for the current).In this way, the bio-pretreatment mechanical pulp with good physical properties were obtained, and it can be used as a furnish for the manufacture of high strength corrugated medium.
Combining the biological pretreatment with non-chemical cooking, the pulp quality could be improved significantly,mean while, high pulping yield were maintained with less pollution.
引文
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