炭砂复合滤池短流程深度净水工艺试验研究
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摘要
目前,珠三角地区饮用水水源污染日益加重,给水常规净水工艺主要用于去除水中的细菌和浊度,对水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等污染基本不起去除作用。强化过滤可以在一定程度上实现生化去除氨氮的工艺目标,而且用于现有水厂工艺升级改造具有可实施性。
本论文针对广州市原水条件进行炭砂复合滤池净水效果试验研究。由于广州市现有水厂正常消毒需要前加氯,以保证氯胺消毒的CT值,本论文侧重研究在有较高前加氯情况下炭砂复合滤池的净水效果,紧密结合实际生产的需要,具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。炭砂复合滤池净水效果试验研究表明:
处理微污染水与处理高污染水试验,炭砂复合滤池炭层与砂层厚度分别为0.5m和0.7m,滤速9m/h;普通砂滤池砂层厚度为0.9m,滤速8~10m/h。
(1)炭砂复合滤池浊度去除率与普通砂滤池基本相同,则炭砂复合滤池能达到与普通砂滤池基本相同的浊度去除能力。
(2)处理微污染水与处理高污染水试验待滤水溶解氧、pH值、余氯的平均值分别为4.48mg/L、7.60、2.13mg/L和4.09mg/L、7.62、2.77mg/L。
(3)处理微污染水试验炭砂复合滤池待滤水与滤后水CODMn、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量总平均值分别为1.48mg/L、0.70mg/L、0.006mg/L和1.08mg/L、0.10mg/L、0.071mg/L。处理高污染水试验炭砂复合滤池待滤水与滤后水CODMn、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量总平均值分别为2.58mg/L、3.32mg/L、0.022mg/L和2.03mg/L、2.24mg/L、0.518mg/L。由此可见,炭砂复合滤池不适用于高污染水的处理,适用于处理微污染水。
处理微污染水采用(0.45~0.55):1气水比进行曝气试验,增加曝气后,炭砂复合滤池对CODMn与氨氮的去除量均约增加1倍,而滤后亚硝酸盐氮含量小于0.1mg/L。因此炭砂复合滤池用于处理微污染水时,当待滤水污染物浓度较高以致出水不能达到相关饮用水水质标准,可增加曝气工艺强化净水效果。
(4)滤池冲洗采用气水联合反冲洗形式,先气洗3min,再水洗7min,冲洗周期为24h。气洗强度为15~20L/(m2.s),水洗强度为9.3~10.5L/(m2.s)。冲洗过程跑炭轻微,冲洗结束2~4h后活性炭性能基本恢复到冲洗以前的净水效果并达到最佳状态,随着时间的推移,除污效果逐渐下降。
(5)颗粒活性炭滤料使用过后只发生了轻微的磨损。而随着运行时间的推移,活性炭的碘吸附值与亚甲蓝吸附值逐渐降低,达到碘吸附值600mg/g与亚甲蓝吸附值85mg/g的实效指标的时间约为1年,则活性炭使用1年后就需要进行再生。
根据试验研究结果,在珠三角地区,前加氯量较高时炭砂复合滤池的适用水质为:氨氮<1.0mg/L与CODMn<3.4mg/L的季节性微污染水,适当减少前加氯量能进一步提高炭砂复合滤池的净水效果。
At present, the pollution of drinking water source increases, and the major role of conventional drinking water treatment technology is to remove the bacterial and turbidity in the water, however, it basically has no removal effect for the ammonia-nitrogen and the nitrite-nitrogen in the water. Intensive filtration can achieve the technology target of removing ammonia-nitrogen to some extent, and it is enforceable for the technology transformation of drinking water plant.
Against the raw water conditions in GuangZhou, this paper carries out a research into water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter. Because of the need for regular disinfection, drinking water plants in GuangZhou need to conduct pre-chlorination, in order to guarantee the CT value of chloramines disinfection, this paper mainly research water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter in the condition of higher pre-chlorination quantity. This research lies closely at the needs of actual production, and has some theoretical and practical application value.Study results of water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter are as follows:
In the process of micro-polluted and high-polluted water treatment test, carbon layer thickness and sand layer thickness of GAC-sand filter are 0.5m and 0.7m respectively, filtration rate is 9m/h. Sand layer thickness of sand filter are 0.9m, filtration rate is 8~10m/h.
(1) Turbidity removal rate of GAC-sand filter is basically the same with sand filter, so GAC-sand filter can reach basically the same turbidity removal ability of sand filter.
(2) In the process of micro-polluted water treatment test, the average value of DO, pH and chlorine in the influent are 4.48mg/L, 7.60 and 2.13mg/L respectively; In the process of high-polluted water treatment test, the average value of DO, pH and chlorine in the influent are 4.09mg/L, 7.62 and 2.77mg/L respectively.
(3) The whole process of micro-polluted water treatment test, the average value of CODMn, NH4+-N and NO2--N in the influent and effluent are 1.48mg/L, 0.70mg/L, 0.006mg/L and 1.08mg/L, 0.10mg/L, 0.071mg/L respectively; The whole process of high-polluted water treatment test, the average value of CODMn, NH4+-N and NO2--N in the influent and effluent are 2.58mg/L, 3.32mg/L, 0.022mg/L and 2.03mg/L, 2.24mg/L, 0.518mg/L respectively. It can be seen from this that GAC-sand filter does not apply to the treatment of high-polluted water, apply to the treatment of micro-polluted water.
Micro-polluted water treatment conduct aeration test with the gas-water ratio (0.45~0.55):1, removal quantity of GAC-sand filter to CODMn and NH4+-N increase nearly by one fold, and NO2--N is less than 0.1mg/L in the influent. Therefore, for micro-polluted water treatment, when the pollutant concentration to be higher so that effluent quality can not achieve relevant drinking water quality standards, aeration can be added to GAC-sand filter to strengthen the water treatment effect.
(4) GAC-sand filter is washed by means of gas-water joint backwashing, first 3min gas washing, then 7min water washing, the washing period is 24h. The intensity of gas washing is 15~20L/(m2.s), and the intensity of water washing is 9.3~10.5L/(m2.s). In the process of backwashing, the running of carbon is slight. After 2~4h from the end of backwashing, the pollutant treatment effect of granular active carbon can get back to the effect before backwashing and achieve the best. As time goes on, pollutants removal effect decreases gradually.
(5) Granular active carbon have only been minor wear after being used. As the running time goes on, iodine sorption value and methyleneblue sorption value of granular active carbon lower gradually, and it need one year to reach the iodine sorption value 600mg/g and the methyleneblue sorption value 85mg/g. Therefore, granular active carbon should be regenerated after one year using.
Based on the experimental results, in the perl river delta region, when the quantity of pre-chlorination is very high, the applicable water quality of GAC-sand filter is seasonal micro-polluted water in which NH4+-N is less than 1.0mg/L and CODMn is less than 3.4mg/L. And the water purification effect of GAC-sand filter can be heightened through appropriate to reduce pre-chlorination quantity.
本论文针对广州市原水条件进行炭砂复合滤池净水效果试验研究。由于广州市现有水厂正常消毒需要前加氯,以保证氯胺消毒的CT值,本论文侧重研究在有较高前加氯情况下炭砂复合滤池的净水效果,紧密结合实际生产的需要,具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。炭砂复合滤池净水效果试验研究表明:
处理微污染水与处理高污染水试验,炭砂复合滤池炭层与砂层厚度分别为0.5m和0.7m,滤速9m/h;普通砂滤池砂层厚度为0.9m,滤速8~10m/h。
(1)炭砂复合滤池浊度去除率与普通砂滤池基本相同,则炭砂复合滤池能达到与普通砂滤池基本相同的浊度去除能力。
(2)处理微污染水与处理高污染水试验待滤水溶解氧、pH值、余氯的平均值分别为4.48mg/L、7.60、2.13mg/L和4.09mg/L、7.62、2.77mg/L。
(3)处理微污染水试验炭砂复合滤池待滤水与滤后水CODMn、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量总平均值分别为1.48mg/L、0.70mg/L、0.006mg/L和1.08mg/L、0.10mg/L、0.071mg/L。处理高污染水试验炭砂复合滤池待滤水与滤后水CODMn、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量总平均值分别为2.58mg/L、3.32mg/L、0.022mg/L和2.03mg/L、2.24mg/L、0.518mg/L。由此可见,炭砂复合滤池不适用于高污染水的处理,适用于处理微污染水。
处理微污染水采用(0.45~0.55):1气水比进行曝气试验,增加曝气后,炭砂复合滤池对CODMn与氨氮的去除量均约增加1倍,而滤后亚硝酸盐氮含量小于0.1mg/L。因此炭砂复合滤池用于处理微污染水时,当待滤水污染物浓度较高以致出水不能达到相关饮用水水质标准,可增加曝气工艺强化净水效果。
(4)滤池冲洗采用气水联合反冲洗形式,先气洗3min,再水洗7min,冲洗周期为24h。气洗强度为15~20L/(m2.s),水洗强度为9.3~10.5L/(m2.s)。冲洗过程跑炭轻微,冲洗结束2~4h后活性炭性能基本恢复到冲洗以前的净水效果并达到最佳状态,随着时间的推移,除污效果逐渐下降。
(5)颗粒活性炭滤料使用过后只发生了轻微的磨损。而随着运行时间的推移,活性炭的碘吸附值与亚甲蓝吸附值逐渐降低,达到碘吸附值600mg/g与亚甲蓝吸附值85mg/g的实效指标的时间约为1年,则活性炭使用1年后就需要进行再生。
根据试验研究结果,在珠三角地区,前加氯量较高时炭砂复合滤池的适用水质为:氨氮<1.0mg/L与CODMn<3.4mg/L的季节性微污染水,适当减少前加氯量能进一步提高炭砂复合滤池的净水效果。
At present, the pollution of drinking water source increases, and the major role of conventional drinking water treatment technology is to remove the bacterial and turbidity in the water, however, it basically has no removal effect for the ammonia-nitrogen and the nitrite-nitrogen in the water. Intensive filtration can achieve the technology target of removing ammonia-nitrogen to some extent, and it is enforceable for the technology transformation of drinking water plant.
Against the raw water conditions in GuangZhou, this paper carries out a research into water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter. Because of the need for regular disinfection, drinking water plants in GuangZhou need to conduct pre-chlorination, in order to guarantee the CT value of chloramines disinfection, this paper mainly research water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter in the condition of higher pre-chlorination quantity. This research lies closely at the needs of actual production, and has some theoretical and practical application value.Study results of water treatment effect of GAC-sand filter are as follows:
In the process of micro-polluted and high-polluted water treatment test, carbon layer thickness and sand layer thickness of GAC-sand filter are 0.5m and 0.7m respectively, filtration rate is 9m/h. Sand layer thickness of sand filter are 0.9m, filtration rate is 8~10m/h.
(1) Turbidity removal rate of GAC-sand filter is basically the same with sand filter, so GAC-sand filter can reach basically the same turbidity removal ability of sand filter.
(2) In the process of micro-polluted water treatment test, the average value of DO, pH and chlorine in the influent are 4.48mg/L, 7.60 and 2.13mg/L respectively; In the process of high-polluted water treatment test, the average value of DO, pH and chlorine in the influent are 4.09mg/L, 7.62 and 2.77mg/L respectively.
(3) The whole process of micro-polluted water treatment test, the average value of CODMn, NH4+-N and NO2--N in the influent and effluent are 1.48mg/L, 0.70mg/L, 0.006mg/L and 1.08mg/L, 0.10mg/L, 0.071mg/L respectively; The whole process of high-polluted water treatment test, the average value of CODMn, NH4+-N and NO2--N in the influent and effluent are 2.58mg/L, 3.32mg/L, 0.022mg/L and 2.03mg/L, 2.24mg/L, 0.518mg/L respectively. It can be seen from this that GAC-sand filter does not apply to the treatment of high-polluted water, apply to the treatment of micro-polluted water.
Micro-polluted water treatment conduct aeration test with the gas-water ratio (0.45~0.55):1, removal quantity of GAC-sand filter to CODMn and NH4+-N increase nearly by one fold, and NO2--N is less than 0.1mg/L in the influent. Therefore, for micro-polluted water treatment, when the pollutant concentration to be higher so that effluent quality can not achieve relevant drinking water quality standards, aeration can be added to GAC-sand filter to strengthen the water treatment effect.
(4) GAC-sand filter is washed by means of gas-water joint backwashing, first 3min gas washing, then 7min water washing, the washing period is 24h. The intensity of gas washing is 15~20L/(m2.s), and the intensity of water washing is 9.3~10.5L/(m2.s). In the process of backwashing, the running of carbon is slight. After 2~4h from the end of backwashing, the pollutant treatment effect of granular active carbon can get back to the effect before backwashing and achieve the best. As time goes on, pollutants removal effect decreases gradually.
(5) Granular active carbon have only been minor wear after being used. As the running time goes on, iodine sorption value and methyleneblue sorption value of granular active carbon lower gradually, and it need one year to reach the iodine sorption value 600mg/g and the methyleneblue sorption value 85mg/g. Therefore, granular active carbon should be regenerated after one year using.
Based on the experimental results, in the perl river delta region, when the quantity of pre-chlorination is very high, the applicable water quality of GAC-sand filter is seasonal micro-polluted water in which NH4+-N is less than 1.0mg/L and CODMn is less than 3.4mg/L. And the water purification effect of GAC-sand filter can be heightened through appropriate to reduce pre-chlorination quantity.
引文
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